Adhyaya 62

हिन्दी अर्थ

अत ऊध्वं प्रवक्ष्यासि सूर्याचन्द्रमसोगंतिम् । सुर्याचन्द्रमसावेतो भ्रमन्‍्तौ यावदेव तु

English

I wish to know precisely the order of Manvantaras 1 and all the respective deities pertaining to the different Manvan¬ taras. Listen to and understand as I recount succinctly and in detail, the Manvantaras which have gone and which are yet to come. The first Manu was Svayambhuva and then there was Svarocisa Manu. Thereafter the Manus wereAuttama, Tamasa, They arc the five Savarnas, Raucya, Bhautya and Vai- vasvata. I shall explain them after Vaivasvata Manu. Know the five Manus who have passed away to be Manavas. The Manvantara of Svayambhuva Manu which lias already passed has been described by me. Henceforth, I shall describe briefly the activity of crea¬ tion by Svarocisa, the second Manu of noble soul." In the Svarocisa Manvantara, there were the Devas called Tusitas and the learned scholars called Paravatas. Only these two are remembered as the groups of Devas.

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्रकाशतः स्वभाभिस्तों मण्डलाभ्यां समास्थितौ जिह्वाओं से ज्वाला-माला को फेंकते रहने के कारण कलास की तरह दीख पड़ते है ।४३-४८। चिकने शरीर से कूंडली बाँध हुए) नागराज बाल सूय की तरह ताम्रबर्ण वाले अपने दो हजार नेत्रों से वहाँ सुशोभित हो रहे हैं । कुन्द ओर इन्दु के समान उज्ज्वल नागराज के नयनों की पंक्ति उसी तरह बिराजती है, जैसे इबेत पवेत के मस्तक पर तरुण सूय की पंक्ति । जिस समय ये सोते या बैठते हैं, उस समय द्यतिमात नागराज

English

They were born of Tusita as the sons of Kralu, the Svarocisa (Manu). The Paravatas and the remaining ones—these two Ganas (groups) consist of twelve each. (Thus) all these Devas together are remembered as chandajas and they are twen¬ ty-four (in number). Dhaivasyasa, Vamanya, Gopa, Devayata, lord Aja, the powerful lord Durona, Apa of powerful arms, the vigorous Mahaujas, C.ikitvan, Nibhrta, Viryavan, and Amsa: these were the sons of Kratu. They were then the imbibers of Soma. Lord Pracetas, Visvedeva, Samanja who was well known, Ajihma the suppressor of enemies, Ajihmana and Mahl- yana endowed with learning, the blessed Aja and Usa, Yavxya of great strength, Hotr and Yajva were the Paravatas of great exploit. These all were the deities whofunctioned in the Svaro¬ cisa Manvantara. At that time these twenty-four Devatas (deities) were the imbibers of Soma. Their Indra (ruler and leader) was Vaidha who was world-famous. The Saptarsis (the Seven Sages) were Orja the son of Vasistha, Stambha the son ofKasyapa, Drona the sonofBhrgu, There are some variations in the names of future Manus in some Puranas. Our Purana gives some different names (such as Raucya and Bhautya) of future Manus. Verses 6-22 enumerate and describe the fuiicuonaries (gods, Indra etc.) during the second Manvantara.

हिन्दी अर्थ

जटाओं के द्वारा अत्यन्त भयज्भूर मालूम पड़ते है। उस समय ऐसा जान पड़ता है कि, मानो हजार शिखरवाला विदश्ञाल पव॑त पृथ्वी पर पड़ा है ।४६-४१॥। विशालशरीर, महाभाग्य अतुलबल ओर महानाग होने के कारण वह महातेजस्त्री महानागपतिं सबके द्वारा पूजित हो रहे हैं। सभी नागों के राजा वे महाद्यतिमान् शेषनाग हैं। यह विष्णु का ही सपंरूषी शरीर है, जो पृथ्वी की सीमा पर स्थित है। देव, असुर महानाग और राक्षसों

English

Caitra, Kaviruta,Krtanta, Ravi, Brhat, Guha, Nava and Subha 1: these nine are rememberd as the sons of Svarocisa Manu who established his race. They have been enumerated in the Purana. Such is the second Manvantara. The Seven Sages, Manu, Devas and Pitrs—these four constitute theroot (and foundation)of a Manvantara. All the subjects are subsidiary to them. Deities are the sons of Sages, Pitrs are the sons of Devas and the Sages are the sons of Devas—This is the conclusion of the Sastras (Scriptures). Ksatriyas and Vaisyas were born of Manu and Brahmanas were born of the Seven Sages. Thus the Manvan¬ tara has been described in brief, not in details. The detailed description of the Svarocisa Manvantara should be understood through (thatof) Svayambhuva Manvan¬ tara. It is impossible to describe it in detail even in hundreds of years, since the progenies are many in every family and they are oft-repeated. The Manvantara of Auttama is the third among the Manvantaras. 2 There are five Ganas. I shall recount them. Under¬ stand them. The Devas are Sudhamans, Vasavartins, Pratardanas, Sivas, and Satyas. Each of these groups (< Ganas ) consists of twelve (Devas).

हिन्दी अर्थ

के निवास से युक्त व्यावहारिक सातों रसातलों का ऐसा ही वर्णन है ।५२-५४। इसके आगे ऐसे स्थान हैं जहाँ पर न तो साधु ही जा सकते हैं, न तो देवता । यहाँ तक कि वे अब तक न तो एिद्धों द्वारा देखे ही गए हैं और न तो देवता ही उनको जान पाये हैं । ब्राह्मणो ! महषिगण पृथ्वी, अग्नि. जल, वायु और आकाश का महत्त्व इसी प्रकार बताते हैं, इसमें सन्देह नहीं ।५५०५६। इसके आगे अब हम सूयं और चन्द्र की गति बतलाते हैं। ये चन्द्र और सूर्य अपने मण्डल (कक्षा) में वतेमान रहकर सदा घूमते रहते हैं और अपनी प्रभा

English

The names of the twelve constituting Sudhamans are Satya, Dhrti, Dama, Danta, Ksama, Ksama, Dhrti (Dhvani— Bd.P.), Suci, Isa, Orjas, Jyestha and Vapusman the twelfth. The Vamsakarin Devas (Vasavartins) were Sahasra- dhara, Visvatman, Samitara, Brhadvasu, Visvadha, ViSvakarma Manasvanta, Virad. Yasas, Jyotis, Vibhavya and Klrtiman. Pramardana (Pratardana) gods are glorified. They As per A. Verses 23-36 describe the Auttama or Uttama's Manvantara. As noted in v. 36 the activities of creation etc. are the same as in the previous Man¬ vantara. The reading anyanaradhito dtvo c God not worshipped by others' is mean¬ ingless, as this is a list of Pratardana gods.— c Pramardana * in the text is an Understand the names of those constituting the Satya category of Devas, as agreed (by sages of yore). They are Dikpati, Vakpati, Visva, Sarnbhu, Svamrdika, Adhi- pa, Varcodhas, Muhyasarvas'a (?), Vasava, Sadasva, Ksema and Ananda. These are those sacrifice-worthy other twelve (Devas) famous as Satyas. These are the deities who lived in the Manvantara of Auttama.

हिन्दी अर्थ

बट्पञचासतमइलोकास्तेथध्यायसमाप्ति. ख. पुस्तके वरतंते ।

English

Aja, Parasu, Divya, Divyausadhi, Naya, the un¬ equalled Devanuja, Mahotsaha, Ausija, Vinlta, Suketu, Sumitra, Subala and Suci—these thirteen were the noble-souled sons of the Manu Auttama. These were the progenitors of the race of Ksatriyas and made them flourish. Such is the third Manvan- tara. The activity of creation etc. in the course of the Auttama Manvantara has been explained through (that of) Svarocisa Manvantara. Now listen and understand the creation etc. in the Tamasa Manvantara in detail and in the proper order. In the fourth period of Manvantara * 1 2 of the Manu Tamasa, the Ganas were four, viz. Satyas, Svarupas, Sudhls and Haris. In the Manvantara of Tamasa, the gardsons of Pulastya (manifested themselves). Each of these Devaganas consisted of twentyfive (gods). If Vitta, Kratu and Rathormi from the readings in Bd. P. is accepted, the list will have twelve names (the expected number of this group of Devas). Verses 37-43 deal with Tamasa Manvantara. The hundred Indriyas (sense-organs) and the eighth Tamas (Darkness) which the top-most sages who value truth as life, enunciate, are remembered as the Devas in that Manvan- tara.

हिन्दी अर्थ

पर्यासपारिमसाण्य॑ तु चर्द्रादित्यौं प्रकाशतः । पर्यासपारिसाण्येन भूमेस्तुल्य॑ दिवं॑ स्मृतम् अवति त्रीनिमांल्‍्लोकॉन्यस्मात्सूयें: परिश्रमन् । अवधातुः प्रकाशार्यों ह्यवनात्स रविः स्मृतः

English

Sibi the lord of (great) exploit, was the Indra of those Devas. O excellent ones, understand the seven sages of that Manvantara. Harsa, the son of Kavi; Pfthu, the son of Kasyapa; Agni, the son of Atri; Jyotirdhaman, the son of Bhrgu; Vanapltha, the son of Pulaha, Gotra, the son ofVasistha; and Caitra, the son ofPulastya were the (seven) sages in theTamasa Manvan¬ tara. Janughanda, Santi, Nara: Khyati, Bhaya, Priyabhrtya, Avaksi, Prstalodha, Drdhodyata, Rta and Rtabandhu were the sons of Tama sa Manu. In the fifth cycle of Manvantara of Carisnava Manu, 1 the groups of Devatas are well enumerated. Understand them. Amrtabha, Abhutarajas, Vikunthaand Sumedhas were the auspicious sons of Carisnu alias Vasistha, the Prajapati. Their shining and glorious Ganas were fourteen and four (i.e. eighteen) (or fourteen for each of the four Ganas). Svatra (Svapna in A.), Vipra, Agnibhas, Pratyetistha, Amrta, Sumati, Vavirava, Vacinoda, Srava, PravirasI, Vadaand Prasa were the fourteen (?) Amrtabhas remembered as the devas in the Carisnava Manvantara. Mati, Sumati, Rta, Satya, Avrti, 2 Vivrti, Mada, Vinaya, Jeta, Jisnu, Sahas, Dyutiman and Sravasa—these are the names of Abhutarajas Ganas as (they) know.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अस्य भारतवर्षस्य विष्कम्भ तु सुविस्तरम् । सण्डलं भास्केरस्थाथ योजनानां निबोधत

English

Vrsa, Bhetta, 3 Jaya, Bhima, §uci, Danta,Yasa, Dama, Natha, Vidvan, Ajeya, Krsa, Gaura and Dhruva are glorified as Vikunthas. Uunderstand the Sumedhas. Verses 44-55 describe the fifth Manvantara which the text calls Caris¬ nava i.e. of Manu Carisnu but calls the same Manu as Raivata in verses 54, 55 and 56. Manus from Svarocisa to Raivata belonged to the lineage of Priyaviata. Bd.P. ibid v. 56 adds c Edhana * here and makes up the number fourteen. Reading in Bd. P. accepted to make up the number (14). Medha, Medhatithi, Satyamedha, Prsnimcdha, Al- pamedha, Bhuyomedha and others (?), the lord Dlptimedha, Yasomedha, Sthiramedha, Sarvamedha, Asvamedha, Pratime- dha, Medhavan and Medhaharta are glorified as Sumedhas. Vibhu of well known exploits and manliness was their Indra. Then the (seven) sages in the fifth Manvantara of Raivata Manu were: Vedabahu, son (descedant) of Pulastya; the sage called Yaju, the son of Kafyapa; Hiranyaroma, son of Angiras; Vedasri, son of Bhrgu; Ordhvabahu, son of Vasistha; Parjanya, son of Pulaha; and Satyanetra, son of Atri. Mahapuranasambhavya, Pratyangaparaha, Suci, Bala- bandhu, Niramitra, Ketubhrnga and Drdhavrata were the sons of Carisnava. Such is the fifth Manvantara.

हिन्दी अर्थ

नवयोजनासाहस्रो विस्तारों भास्करस्य तु । विस्तारात्त्रियुणाश्चास्य परिणाहोथ मण्डलम् निष्कम्भो सण्डलस्थेव भास्कराद्दिगुण: शशी ्््ि ।

English

Svarocisa, Auttama, Tamasa and Raivatas—these four Manus belong to the family of Priyavrata. In the sixth cycle of Caksusa Manvantara 1 the Devas are remembered as consisting of five Ganas (classes), viz. Adyas, Prasutas, Bhavyas, the heaven-dwelling Prthukas and the Lekhas of great dignity. This creation of heaven-dwellers is mentioned in accor¬ dance with the names of their mothers. The Ganas of those Devas are the great-grandsons of Aranya, the Prajapati, the son of Atri. Each of these groups is remembered as comprising of eight Devas. Antariksa, Vasu, Haya, Atithi, Priyavrata, Srota, Manta and Sumanta—these are glorified as Adyas. Syenabhadra, Pasya, Pathyanetra of great fame. Suma- nas, Suvetas, Raivata, Supracetas and Dyuti of great prowess— these are mentioned as Prasutas. Vijaya, Sujaya,Mana, Udyana, Sumati, Supari,Vijnata and Arthapati—these Devas are remembered as Bhavyas. Now listen and understand the Prthuka gods. Ajista, the Lord Sakyana, Vanaprstha, Sankara, Satya- dhrsnu,Visnu, Vijaya and the highly blessed Ajita are the heaven¬ dwelling Prthukas. Verses 57-69 describe the Caksu§a Manvantara.

हिन्दी अर्थ

इत्येतदिह संख्यातं पुराणं परिमाणतः । तद्वक्ष्यामि प्रसंख्याय सांप्रतरभिमानिभिः

English

I shall now describe Lekhas. Understand as I recount them. Manojava, Praghasa, Pracetas of great fame, Vata, Dhru- vaksiti, Adbhuta of great virility, Avanaand Brhaspati are glori¬ fied as Lekhas. Manojava of great virility and prowess became their Indra then. The seven sages in the Caksusa Manvantara were: Unnata, son (descendant) of Bhrgu; Havisman, son of Angiras; Sudhaman, son of Kasyapa; Virajas, son of Vasistha; Atimana, son of Pulastya; Sahisnu, son of Pulaha, and Madhura, descendant of Atri. Oru, Puru, Satadyumna, Tapasvin, Satyavak, Krti, Agnistut, Atiratra and Sudyumna—these nine and the tenth one Abhimanyu; these were the sons of Caksusa Manuborn of Nad- vall. Such is the six'h Manvantara. O Bramanas, the creation of that noble soul is explain¬ ed through (that of) Vaivasvata Manvantara and it has been explained by me in detail and in the proper order. The successors and heirs of Caksusa Manu were born in the family of Kasyapa. Please mention (enumerate) to us all those others who were born in his family. It behoves you to hear the creative activity of Caksusa Manu in brief. Prthu, the valorous son of Vena, was born in his family. Other Prajapatis and Daksa, son of Pracetas, too were born (of that family). Atri, the Prajapati, adopted Uttanapada as his son.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अभिमानिव्यतीता ये तुल्यास्ते सांप्रतेरिह। देवा ये वे ह्मयतीतास्ते रूपर्नॉमभिरेव च तस्मात्तु सांप्रतेदेवेबंक्यासि वसुधातलम्। दिवस्तु संनिवेशो वे सांप्रतेरेव ऋत्स्नशः (६७ शतार्धकोटिविस्तारा पृथिवी क्ृत्स्नतः स्मृता । तस्या बाधप्रमाणेन मेरोवें चातुरन्तरम् 0६८ पृथिव्या बाधविस्तारों योजनाप्रात्प्रकीतितः मेदसध्यात्प्रतिदिशं कोठिरेका तु सा स्‍्पृता.

English

The son of Daksaka, the Prajapati,became a king. He was given in adoption to Atri for some reason by Svayambhuva Manu after the advent of the sixth (Manvantara). O Brahma- nas, having reached the future Manvantara Caksusa, I shall now explain it by way of introduction. The very clever daughter of Dharma and his wife LaksmI, the lady of sparkling smiles named Sunrta (Suniti), the lady who could produce wealth, bore to Uttanapada a son named Dhruva and became his auspicious mother. Uttanapada begot of her Dhruva, Kirtiman, Ayasman and Vasu and also two daughters of sparkling smiles, Manasvini and Svara. Their sons have been already mentioned. The valorous Dhruva, praying for (desirous of) exten¬ sive fame, performed penance for ten thousand divine years observing fast. In the first Tretayuga, he (Dhruva), the grandson of Svayambhuva Manu, controlled himself by means of Yoga in his desire to win great fame. The delighted Brahma granted him the excellent abode among luminaries. It is pleasing and lasting till the final dissolution of the Universe. It is devoid of setting and rising. On seeing his unlimited glory and greatness, Usanas, the preceptor ofDaityas and Asuras, sang this Sloka (verse). "How wonderful is the prowess of his penance! How commendable is his learning! Wonderful is his Huta (Holy rite) that the seven sages have kept Dhruva above themselves. The firmament depends on Dhruva. He is the controller and the lord of the firmament". Bhumibore to Dhruva two kings (as sons), viz. Pusti and Bhavya. The powerful lord Pusti told his shadow, "Be a woman".

हिन्दी अर्थ

से प्रकाश किया करते हैं ५७। सातों समुद्रों और द्वीपों का वही विस्तार है, जो पृथ्वी का है। चन्द्र सूय बहिर्भागस्थ परिधि परिमाण में प्रकाश करते हैं । यह आकाशमण्डल भूमि के परिधि परिमाण के समात है। घूमते हुए सूथ॑ जिस कांरण तीनों लोकों को प्रकाशित करते हैं; इस कारण प्रकाशाथ्थेंक “अव' धातु से प्रकाश करने के कारण “रवि” शब्द बना है ।५८-६०। इसके आगे अब हम चरद्र-सूयं के प्रमाण को कहते

English

At his truthful utterance, the shadow of divine body became a woman immediately. She was bedecked in divine ornaments. Pusti begot of his Chaya five sinless sons, viz. Pracinagarbha, Vrsaka, Vrka,Vrkala and Dhrti. The wife of Pracinagarbha named Bhuvarca gave birth to a son who became a king by the name of Udaradhi. In his previous birth, he had been Indra. He used to take food but once at the end of every thousand years. Thus the lord secured Indra-hood which lasted a Manvantara. Bliadra bore to Udaradhi the son Divaiijaya. Varangi bore to Divaiijaya the son Ripu, the conqueror of foes. From Ripu, Brhati, bore a son Caksusa endowed with aU types of brilliance. Caksusa begot Manu of Puskarini, a descendant of Varuna and the daughter of the noble-souled Prajapati Aranya. O blessed one, Manu begot ten auspicious sons of Nadvala, the daughter of Vairaja, the Prajapati.

हिन्दी अर्थ

हैं। इस भारतवषं में मही शब्द 'महितत्वात्' अर्थात् पृज्यत्व के कारण निपातन से सद्ध हुआ है। इस भारतवर्ष का विस्तार सूर्य के विस्तृत मण्डल के समान है। अब इसके बाद इनके विस्तार का प्रमाण सुनिये ।६१-६२। सूर्य का विस्तार नो हजार योजन है । इस विस्तार से इनके मण्डल की विशञालता तीन गुनी अधिक है एवं सूर्य से चन्द्रमंडल का विस्तार दुगुना अधिक है। अब हम सातों द्वीपों और मसमुद्रों वाली प्रृथ्वी का विस्तार और मंडल-प्रमाण योजनों में कहते हैं। वतंमान अभिमानी देवों द्वारा संख्यात और पुराणानुमोदित जो परिमाण है उसे ही हम कह रहे हैं। वर्तमान कालिक देवगण रूपों और नामों में अतीत अभिमानी देवों के ही समान हैं। इसलिये वर्तमान कालिक देवों के साथ पृथ्वीतल और आकाश के संनिबेश को पूर्ण रूप से कह रहे हैं ।६३-६७। मेरुमध्य से चारों ओर इस सम्पूर्ण प्रथ्वी का विस्तारप्रमाण

English

The sons of Manu and Nadvala were Oru, Puru, Sata- dyumna, Tapasvin, Satyavak, Kavi, Agnistut, Atiratra and Sudyumna—these nine as well as the tenth son Abhimanyu. Agneyi bore to Oru six sons of great brilliance, viz. Anga, Sumanas, Svati, Kratu, Angiras and Siva. To Anga, Sunltha bore a single child Vena. Due to the misdemeanour of Vena, there was a great indignant commotion. For the sake of progeny, the sages (churned) his right hand. When the hand of Vena was pressed, a great king was born. The royal descendant of Vena was glorified as Prthu. Prthu, the son of Vena, was the foremost of Ksatriyas. He was born with a bow and a coat of mail. He appeared blazing with his splendour. He protected all the worlds. He was the first among kings who had been crowned in the Rajasuya sacrifice. He was the ruler of the Earth. In order to eulogise him, the clever Suta and Magadha (Bards) were born. For the sake of his subjects desirous of livelihood the Earth in the form of a cow was milked, yielding all sorts of plants, along with the Devas, groups of Sages, Pitrs, Danavas, Gandharvas, Apsaras-s, all Punyajanas, creepers and mountains. Being milked in different vessels, the Earth (Vasundhara —that which contains rich deposits) yielded milk as much as they desired. Thereby, he sustained the world.

हिन्दी अर्थ

पच्रास करोड़ योजन है। प्रथ्वी का बाध विस्तार मेरुमध्य से एक योजन आगे से कहा गया है और मेर के

English

O highly intelligent one, narrate in detail the story of the birth of Prthu and how the Earth ( Vasundhara ) was milked formerly by that noble-souled (king) along with Devas, serpents, Brahmanas, Sages, Yaksas, Gandharvas and Apsaras-s. To us who solicit (the information) describe their special forms of vessels, the milker, the milk and the different calves (used for milking). Please mention everything to us, for what reason the hand of Vena was pressed formerly by the infuriated sages. O Brahmanas, I shall describe the origin of Prthu, the son of Vena. O excellent Brahmanas, listen attentively with minds purified by austerities. I shall not describe- this holy narrative to an impure person, nor to a sinful one, nor to one who is not a disciple, nor to one who is malevolent and never to (by no means to) one who does not observe holy rites. This story is conducive to fame, longevity and attainment of heaven. It is holy and on a par with the Vedas. It is esoteric as the sages, have said. He who is not malicious shall hear it. The man who recounts this narrative of the birth of Prthu, the son of Vena' to Brahmanas after bowing to them shall not bewail errors of commission and omission. This king (i.e. Pfthu) was a defender of faith. He was equal to Atri. The Prajapati named Ahga was born in the family of Atri. Vena was his son. He was not very pious or faithful.

हिन्दी अर्थ

३७० वायुपुराणम् तथा शतसह्नाणि एकोननवतिः पुनः । पत्चाशच्च सहल्लाणि पृथिव्याबाधविसतरर..

English

The Prajapati was born of Sunitha, the daughter of Mrtyu. Vena was the son of the daughter of Kala. Hence on account of the (hereditary) evil trait of his maternal grandfather, Vena (was cruel). He turned his back on Dharma; he indulged in covet¬ ousness as he pleased. He established institutions devoid of Dharma (Virtue and Piety). Disregarding the Vedas and Sastras he was engrossed in sinful and evil activities. While he reigned the subjects were devoid of Vedic study and utterance of Vasatkaras. The deities did not partake of the sacrificial offerings nor did they drink the Soma juice. "No Yajna should be performed. No offerings should be oblated to fire". This was the cruel, solemn declaration of that Prajapati when his (utter) ruin was imminent. He proclaimed: "In all sacrifices, I deserve to be offered sacrifice (sacrificial oblations) and worship, by all twice- born castes. Yajnas should be performed unto me. I should be invoked while (performing) Homas." "We are going to be initiated (into a rite last¬ ing) for many hundreds of years. O Vena, do not perform un¬ righteous acts. This is not the eternal Dharma. In the (family of the God of) Death you are undoubtedly born as a Prajapati. It has been promised by you formerly: T shall protect the sub¬ jects. While they talked thus, Vena spoke to the Brahmarsis: The evil-minded but eloquent Vena laughingly said thus: "Who else is the creator of Dharma? Whose words aie needed by me? Who is there on the Earth equal to me in prowess, learning, penance and truthfulness? You all know precisely that I am inferior to none, that I am a noble soul. I am the source of origin of all the worlds and particularly of all Dharmas. If I wish I can burn the entire Earth or make it flood¬ ed with water. I can create it or swallow (annihilate) it. No doubts or suspicions need be entertained in this matter." When the king Vena who was utterly deluded by stubbornness and sense of false prestige, could not be dissuaded, the great sages became infuriated.

हिन्दी अर्थ

पृथिव्या बिस्तर कृत्स्नं योजनेस्तन्निबोधत । तित्र: कोटचस्तु विस्तार: संख्यातः स चतुदिशम्ु

English

They caught hold of that mighty one even as he was dazzling like fire. Highly infuriated, they twisted and churned his left hand. O Brahmanas, from his hand that was being twisted and churned, a man black in colour and very short in stature, was born. Formerly it was heard so (by us). He was agitated in all his sense-organs. Frightened, he stood there with palms joined in reverence. On seeing him confused and deject¬ ed, (the sages) said: ''JVisida (Sit down). He, of infinite valour, became the founder of the dynasty of Nisadas (a hill tribe). He created Dhivaras too (the fishermen) born of the sins and defects of Vena. All those others (hill tribes) residing on the Vindhya mountains such as Tumburas, Tuvaras and Khasas and persons interested in evil actions were born of the sins of Vena. Becoming indignant again, the great sages pressed and churned the right hand ol Vena in great fury as though it were the Arani (a pice of wood used to kindle sacred fire by attrition) - From the splendid brilliance originating from the pressure exerted on the right hand, Prthu was born. Since he He wielded the primordial bow of loud report, named Ajagava. Then he took up the arrows and the coat of mail of great lustre for the sake of protection. When he was born, all the living beings became high¬ ly delighted. When the great king was born, Vena went to heaven.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तथा शतसह्नाणामेकोनाशी तिरुच्यते । सप्तद्वीपसमुद्रायाः प्रथिब्यास्त्वेष घिस्तरः विस्तरात्त्रिगुणं चेव प्रथिव्यन्तस्य मण्डलम् । गणितं योजनाग्रं तु कोटचस्त्वेकादश स्मृताः

English

Due to the birth of that intelligent noble-souled son, he (Vena) was (elevated as) a Rajarsi (a royal sage). The tiger among men (Prthu) then protected him from the hell called Put (by being born as a son). All the rivers and oceans brought gems and jewels and came there. They crowned the son of Vena as the king. With a great royal kingdom, he became an Emperor of great splendour. That Emperor was coronated by the Devas, the sons of Arigiras. The valorous son of Vena, Prthu, became the first king and a great Emperor. The subjects who had been antagonised by his father were won over by him. Hence thanks to his Anurdga (love and affection) he got the name Raja (king). When he rushed against the ocean, the waters stood steady and motionless, and mountains crumbled before him. He never experienced the breakage of his banner. The Earth yielded food-grains without being cultivat¬ ed. All edible things were achieved on mere thought. Cows yielded whatever one desired. Honey was obtained in every leaf-cup (cluster of flowers?) At that time, in the auspicious Yajna of Pitamaha, the highly intelligent Suta was born of suti (the extraction of Soma juice) on the day intended for the extraction of Soma juice. The intelligent Magadha was also born in the same great Yajna. Our text gives a number of popular etymologies, vide that of Nisada (in v. 123) and ofPrthu here.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तथा शतसहस्र तु सप्तत्रिशाधिकानि तु। इत्येतहे प्रसंख्यातं पृथिव्यन्तस्य मण्डलम् ॥छड तारकासंनिवेशस्य दिवि यावद्धि सण्डलम् । पर्यासः संनिवेशस्य भूमेस्तावस् सण्डलम्

English

With the Havis of Indra the Havis of Brhaspati got mixed. The offering was made to Indra by the Devasand there¬ by Suta was born. 1 The Havya offering of the preceptor which was mingled with that meant for the disciple, was over-powered by the dis¬ ciple s Havis. On account of the (mingling) activity of the lower and the upper, a mixed caste came into being. A Suta (charioteer) is begot of a Brahmanas lady by a Ksatriya who belongs to an inferior caste. Hence Suta is pro¬ claimed to have rites of the latter (Ksattriya) one. It is the middle type of Dharma of a Suta, viz. that of Ksattriyas. (He has these duties:) looking after and mainte¬ nance of chariots, elephants, horses. Practice of medicine is (his) lowliest of duties. Both of them (Suta and Magadha) were called there by the Devas and Sages for eulogising Prthu. All the sages said to them: "May this king be eulogised. This is abefitting activity of yours. He is also a person deserving praise". Then Suta and Magadha told all the sages: "We shall propitiate the Devas and the sages with our activities. We do not know the performances, characteristics and reputation of this (Prthu) king. Wherefore, O Brahmanas, can we eulogise this brilliant king?" They were enjoined by the sages: cc Let him be eulo¬ gised by his future activities. He has control over his sense organs. He is always engaged in charitable rites. He is truthful, endowed with knowledge. He is munificent and is never defeated in battles.

हिन्दी अर्थ

पर्यासपारिमाण्येन भुमेस्तुल्यं दिवं स्मृतम् । सप्तानामपि लोकप्नामेतन्सान प्रकीतितभ् ७६ पर्यासपारिसाण्येन सण्डलानुगतेन च । उपयुपरि लोकानां छत्रवत्परिसण्डलम् संस्थितिविहिता सर्वा येश्चु तिष्ठन्ति जन्तवः । एतदण्डकटाहस्य प्रमाण परिकीतितम् (७८ अण्डस्थान्तस्त्विमे लोका: सप्तद्वीपा च मेदिनो । भूलोंकिश्व भुवश्चेव तृतीयः स्वरिति स्मृतः ॥ महलोंको जनश्चेव तपः सत्यश्य सप्तमः १७६ एले सप्त कृता लोकाछत्राकारा व्यवस्थिताः । स्वकंरावरणेः सुक्ष्मेर्धायं माणाः पृथक्पृथक् ८०

English

Suta and Magadha eulogised him by composing songs about the past achievements of the powerful king Prthu. At the end of the eulogy, the delighted Prthu, the lord of the subjects, gave the land of Anupa to Suta and Magadha to Magadha. Ever since, all the kings are eulogised by Sutas Verses 136-146 explain how and why the mixed class called suta came into existence and the duties assigned to that caste. The relation between Magadha and the land called Magadha is understandable but not that between Suta and Anflpa (South Malwa). On seeing him (King Prthu), the subjects were extremely pleased. The great sages told (them): "Let this protector of men (King), the son of Vena, be the bestower of livelihood to you". Then the subjects hurried and flocked round (literally) the blessed son of Vena saying, "As per promise of the great sages you make arrangements for our livelihood. On being hustled by the subjects, the powerful (king Prthu), with the desire to perform what was beneficent to the subjects, took up his bow and arrows and rushed at Vasudha (the Earth). Being afraid of being hit, the Earth assumed the form of a cow and fled. Taking up his bow, Prthu ran in pursuit of the fleeing Earth. Frightened of the son of Vena, she (the Earth) ran to Brahmaloka and other worlds (but finally) saw in front of her the son of Vena holding the bow lifted up. He had his splendour brightened up by the blazing arrows and shafts. He was of never failing (power) and endow¬ ed with great Yogic power. He was invincible even to the Devas. He could not be thwarted by anyone.

हिन्दी अर्थ

दशभागाधिकाभिश्वन ताभिः प्रकृतिभिबंहिः धार्यंमाणा विशेषेश्चय समुत्पन्नेः परस्परम्

English

The goddess (Earth) who is always worthy of being worshipped by the three worlds, could not get succour (from elsewhere) and so yielded to the son of Vena with palms join¬ ed in reverence. She spoke to the son of Vena r "O king, you are not aware of the sin inherent in killing a lady. How are you going to sustain the subjects without me. O most excellent of all kings,-but for me the subjects will be ruined. O king, all the worlds rest in me. The whole universe is sustained by me. O protector of the Earth, if you wish to do what is beneficial to the subjects, it does not behove you to kill me. Pay heed to my words. All undertakings become fruitful if they are begun with proper means. O king, even after killing me, you will not be competent to protect and look after the subjects. O extremely refulgent one, I shall become the pro¬ ducer of food. Refrain from fury. They say that females are not to be killed even from among the hundreds of lower animal species. O protector of the Earth, in consideration of this, it does not behove you to forsake Dharma". On hearing these various statements the noble-minded king of righteous soul, restrained his anger and spoke thus to (the Earth):

हिन्दी अर्थ

मध्य में प्रत्येक और करोड़ योजन कहा गया है। फिर पृथ्वी का बाघ विस्तार एक करोड़ पचास हजार नवासी योजन है ।६८-७०। प्रथ्वी के सम्पूर्ण विस्तार को योजनों में सुनिये । चतुदिक इसका विस्तार तीन करोड़ एक लाख उनासी हजार योजन है। सातों द्वीपों और समुद्रों थाली प्रथ्वी का यही विस्तार है।. पृथ्वी के अन्त का मंडल इस विस्तार से तिग्ुना अधिक है। इस प्रकार गिना गया है कि समण्डल पृथ्वी का विस्तार ग्यारह करोड़ एक लाख संतीस योजन है। इस प्रकार पृथ्वी के अन्त तक के मंडल की नाप की गई है। आकाश में जहाँ तक तारागंण और उनका मंडल है, पृथ्वी के सन्निवेश का मंडल भी वहाँ तक कहा गया है। भूमि के विस्तार-परिमाण के ही अनुसार आकाश का भी परिमाण है। सातों लोकों का ऐसा ही मान कहा गया है ।७१-७६। पर्याप्त परिमाण के अनुसार मंडलानुक्रम से सातों लोक छत्र की तरह

English

O auspicious lady, when many attain happiness, if one man is killed there is no great or small sin. O Earth (repository of wealth), if you do not act according to my instructions which are conducive to the welfare of the Universe, I will kill you for the cause of the subjects. If you turn your face (disobey) against my behest, I shall presently kill you with an (single) arrow. After proclaim- ing myself (as their Lord), I shall sustain the subjects. Hence, O excellent lady, foremost among the up¬ holders of virtue, paying heed to my words will enliven the subjects perpetually. There is no doubt about it that you are competent to do so. Be my daughter. This is the great and excellent step (in the circumstances). O furious-looking lady, 1 control you Thus admonished, the chaste lady, the Earth, spoke to O excellent one among the upholders of virtue, give me a crlf so that cangive, milk out of affection. Make me flat¬ surfaced and level everywhere so that I can spread everywhere the flowing milk." With the tip of his bow the son of Vena pushed away the heaps of rocks everywhere. The hills were raised up by him.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ऊपर-ऊपर घेरे हुए हैं। इन्हीं लोकों में सभी जन्तु रहा करते हैं । अण्डकटाह का यही प्रमाण कहा गया है। इस अंडकटाह के मध्य में ही सब्तद्वीपा मेदिनौ है। सातों लोकों के नाम इस प्रकार हैं--भूलोंक, भवलककि, स्वलॉकि, महलोंक, तपोलोक और सत्यलोक ।७७-७९। ये सातों लोक छत्राकार रूप से अवस्थित हैं। ये सातों लोक अपने सूक्म आवरणों से आवृत होकर पृथक्-पृथक स्थित हैं। ये बहिः स्थित आवरण

English

In the past Manvantaras the Earth was rugged and uneven. Naturally some parts were even and some uneven. In the course of the previous creations, there was no demarca¬ tion of cities and villages, as the Earth was uneven and rugged. In the Caksusa Manvantara there were no plants, no breeding of cows, no cultivation and no trade routes. All these occurred in the Vaivasvata Manvantara. Wherever there was evenness (plain ground) the subjects always occupied it. The diet cansisted of fruits and roots. Since the reign of the son of Vena all these things appeared in this world. When the medicinal herbs were destroyed, lord Prthu made Caksusa Manu the calf, and with great difficulty milked with his own hand, the Earth (in the form of a cow) 1 and pro¬ duced plants. Food grains and plants were milked by the son of Vena from the Earth-goddess after making Caksusa Manu the calf and the bare ground the vessel. The subjects always main¬ tained themselves with that food. The Earth (The holder of treasures)was eulogised by the sages and milked again. Their calf was Soma (the Moon) and the milker (milkman) was Brhaspati. The vessel was Gayatri and other (Vedic) metres. Their milk was penance and the eternal Brahman.

हिन्दी अर्थ

परस्पर दस-दस गुना अधिक हैं। ये परस्पर उत्पन्न हुए हैं; किन्तु एक से दूसरा विशेषता लिए हुए है और इन्हीं के ढ्वारा सातों लोकों का धारण हो रहा है ।८५०-५१। इस अंडे के चारों ओर घनीभूत समुद्र है। समनन्‍्तादनवातेन धार्यमाणं प्रतिष्ठितम । घनवातात्तथाइप्काशमाकाशं च महात्मना.. पदड भूतादिना बुतं सर्व भुतादिसंहता वृतः । ततो महाननन्‍्तेन प्रधानेनाव्ययात्मना

English

Again (the Earth was) eulogised by the groups of Devas led by Purandara after taking up a golden vessel and Ampta (Nectar) was milked by them. The Devas led by Indra sustained themselves with that alone. The Earth was eulogised by the Magas (Serpents) and milked. Poison was the milk, Vasuki the son of Kadru, was the milkman, on behalf of those highly powerful serpents. O excellent Brahmanas, the fierce, huge-bodied and The story of Pjthu and his milking of the Earth is a Puranic presen¬ tation of the Vedic conception of milking of the Viraj cow. The Virdj Sukta (AV. VIII.10) forms the basis of this Puranic legend. The Puranic legend asserts the right of sages (public leaders) to remove a wilful tyrant. After making themselves invisible, the Earth was milked again by the Yaksas and Punyajanas. They had made VaiSravana (Kubera) the calf. It was an unbaked vessel that they milked into. The milker was Jatunabha, the father of Manivara. He possessed great strength and excessive splendour. He had full self-control. Pie was the son of a Yaksa. The great sage said that they sustained themselves with that milk. The Earth was milked again by Raksasas and Pisacas. Their milkman was Kubera endowed with the knowl¬ edge of Brahman. The calf was the powerful Sumali. Blood was the milk yielded. It was a vessel of skull that the Raksasas milked into by being invisible. All the Raksasas sustain themselves with that milk.

हिन्दी अर्थ

पुराणि लोकपालानां प्रवक्ष्यासि यथाक्रमम् । ज्योतिर्गणप्रचारस्य प्रमाणं परिवक्ष्यते. ७८६

English

In the vessel of lotus (leaves) the Earth was milked again by Gandharvas and the groups ofApsaras-s. They made Citraratha the calf, and pure scents was the yield. Visvavasu who was the pure son of a sage and who was the very powerful king of Gandharvas and who was a noble soul resembling the sun was their milkman. The goddess Earth was eulogised and milked again by the mountains. The yield was the medicinal herbs in embodied form and various kinds of precious stones. Mt. Himavan was their calf. The great mountain Meru was the milkman. 1 The mountain itself was the vessel. With that the mountain was stabilised. The Earth-goddess was eulogised and milked again by the trees and creepers. They took the leafy cup of Palas'a as the vessel. The milk yielded was the ability to grow after being cut. The mountain in full bloom was Kamadhuk {the milk¬ man of what is desired). Plaksa tree was the calf. The Earth (was thus) the yielder of all desires, the benefactress of all liv¬ ing beings and very famous. Kalidasa echoes this in Kumara-sariibhaua 1.2.