Adhyaya 70

हिन्दी अर्थ

बाह्ममभ्यन्तरं चंब मण्डल दिवसक्रमात् । कल्पादो संप्रयुक्तास्ते वहन्त्याभुतसंप्लबात्॥ द आवत्ता बालखिल्यस्ते भ्रमन्ते राज्यहाणि तु

English

Thus when the entire mobile and immobile crea¬ tions had been created and established by the noblc-souled Kasyapa, he the chief Prajapati, crowned (the chiefs of them) He made Prahlada, the delighter of Diti, the king of Daityas: Narayana the king of Sadhyas; and the Bull- bannered lord (Siva) the king of Rudras. He directed Vipracitti to be the king of Danavas. He ordered Varuna to be the king of waters. He made Vaisravana (Kubera) the lord of Yaksas, Raksasas and the wealth of (worldly) kings. He coronated Yama, the son of Vivasvan (the Sun), in He made Himavan the ruler of mountains; ocean, of the rivers; and Citraratha the ruler of Gandharvas. He crowned Uccaissravas as the king of horses, tiger as the king of deer and cows, and bulls the lords of quadrupeds. He made Garufla the most excellent among flying be¬ ings, the lord of all birds. He made Maruta the lord of scents and unembodied beings. He made Vayu, the most excellent among strong be¬ ings, the lord of sound, sky and strength. He made Sesa, the lord of allfanged (reptiles), and Vasuki the lord of serpents. He made Taksaka, the lord of vipers, serpents and reptiles. He crowned Parjanya, one of the Adityas, as the lord of oceans, rivers, clouds and rains. He crowned Kamadeva the king of all groups of Apsaras-s. Verses 1-20 enumerate the heads of different categories of creation. Here one is reminded of the Vibhutiyoga (BG.X). The Prajapati crowned Sudhaman, the famous son of Rajas, as the king in the eastern quarter. In the western quarter, he crowned the noble-souled Ketuman, the unerring son of Rajas, the king. He made Vaivasvata Manu the lord of human beings. The entire earth consisting of seven continents along with the towns therein, is being ruled righteously by them in their res¬ pective areas. They had been crowned formerly by Brahma in the Svayambhuva Manvantara. Only those who become Manu are consecrated as kings. In the Manvantaras that have passed, these kings (had ruled and) passed away. When the Manvantaras occur again, others will be crowned again. All the kings, past and future, are proclaimed as Lords of Manvantaras. Prthu was crowned by these excellent men at the time of Rajasuya. The valorous king was made so in accordance with the injunctions of the Vedas. The lord of Prajas, Kasyapa, procreated these sons, for the purpose of the continuity of the progeny. Thereafter, desirous of his own lineage, he performed a severe penance. He contemplated—"May sons, the founders of the lineage, be born to me".

हिन्दी अर्थ

की किरणों से हौ जल उत्पन्न होता है वृष्टि से ओषधि और अन्न उत्पन्न होते हैं. जिनमें मानव अपनी क्षधा शान्त करते हैं । देवों को अमृत से अर्द्ध मास तक तृप्ति होती है और पितरों को भी स्व्रधा से आधे मास तक । किन्तु मनुष्यों को अन्न के द्वारा सदा तृप्ति मिलती है. क्‍योंकि सूर्य किरणों से अन्न को पुष्ट किया करते हैं। सूर्य हरिद्वण के अश्वों पर चढ़ कर किरणों द्वारा जल का शोषण करते हैं। फिर वर्षाकाल में जल बरसाकर सूयंदेव चराचर का पोषण करते हैं ।३६-४१। सूय हरिद्वर्ण के घोड़े पर चढ़कर हजारों किरणों से जल का शोषण करते हैं फिर हरिद्वर्ण के धोड़े पर घूमते हुये वे जल बरसा देते हैं। इस प्रकार प्रलयकाल तक सूर्य देव एक चकक्‍के के रथ पर सवार होकर मंगलकारक बलिष्ठ अश्वों द्वारा वेग से आकाश में भ्रमण करते हैं। सूर्थ एक चक्र रथ द्वारा समुद्रान्त सातों द्वीपोंवाली पृथ्वी का भ्रमण दिन-रात किया करते हैं ।४२-४४। उनके

English

As Kasyapa, the noble soul, contemplated, two power¬ ful sons born of Brahma's part were born to him. They were Vatsara and Asita. Both of them were pro¬ pounders of Brahman. Nidhruva and Raibhya of great fame were born of Vatsara. The Raibhyas should be known as the (descendants) of Raibhya. Understand (those) of Nidhruva. Gyavana begot Sumcdhas of Sukanya. Nidhruva's wife 1 was the mother of Kundapayins. Brahniistha (Devala in Bd.P.) was born of Ekaparna and Asita. On hearing (i.e. paying heed to) the words of Sandilya, Devala became excessively famous. Nidhruvas, Sandilyas and Raibhyas all these three formed the Kas- yapa Gotra later 2. Vara (Vajri i.e. Indra in Bd. P.) and other Devas are the progeny of Devala. These subjects function in Dvapara Yuga that remains (i.e. occurs) after eleven cycles of the sets of four Yugas have passed. Carisyanta (Nairisyanta in Bd. P.) was the son of Manasa and his son was Dama. Manasa who was well-known as Tfnabindu, was his heir and successor. In the beginning of the third Treta Yuga, he became the king. His daughter Idavida was unrivalled in her beauty. The saintly king gave her to Pulastya. The sage Visravas was born of Idavida. He had four wives who made the family of Pulastya flourish. Brhaspati, the preceptor of the Devas, had a famous daughter named Devavarnini. He (Visravas) married that girl. He (Visravas) married Puspotkata and Vaka, the daughters of Malyavan as well as Kaikasi, the daughter of Malin. Listen to their progeny. Devavarnini gave birth to his eldest son Vaisravana who had divine fate and saintly learning, (but) had the form of a Raksasa and the strength of an Asura. He had three feet, a huge body, stout head, a large chin 3, eight fangs, green moustache, pike-like ears and red com¬ plexion. His arms were short and long (i.e. one short, one long). He was yellowish in colour (?) and very terrible to look at. He had the knowledge of the illusory world. He was enlight¬ ened with knowledge. Sumcdhas as per Bd. P. iMn in the text is a tautology. It should be maM-hanum as in On seeing such a son assuming a cosmic form, the father himself said—"This is Kubera (ugly-bodied one) ". 1 The word 'Ku' is used to indicate contempt. The body is mentioned by the word Bera. Hence he is called Kubera be¬ cause his body was deformed. Since he was the child of Visravas and he appeared like Visravas, he will be known in the world by the name Vaisravana.

हिन्दी अर्थ

बेगवाले, ब्रह्मवगादी, समर्थ, हरित्पिज्ग्ल वर्ण के और रथ में एक ही बार जोते गये हैं। वे घोड़े एक वष में एक सौ अस्सीमंडल का परिभ्रण किया करते हैं ।४५-४६। कल्प के आदि में धोड़े एक बार जोते गये हैं और कल्पान्त तक वे रथ को खींचते रहते हैं। इस तरह वे दिवसक्रम से बाह्य और आशभ्यन्तर मण्डलों का परिभ्रण

English

Kubera begot of Rddhi the famous (son) Nalakubara. Kaikasi gave birth to four children Ravana, Kumbhakarna and Vibhlsana (the three sons and) a daughter Surpanakha. His span of life as reckoned by Brahmanas, experts in calculation, extended to five crores and sixtyone lakhs of years. For sixty lakhs of years 3, this Ravana made Devas and Sages terribly sleepless (by means of his atrocities). In the twenty-fourth Tretayuga, when his merit of penance declin¬ ed, he met Rama, the son of Dasaratha, (in battle) and was slain along with his followers. Etymology of'Kubera*, the god of wealth. The Purana-writer entertained fantastic ideas about Ravana. Jaina Raraayanas give a sober and a more realistic picture of Ravana, e.g. Ravana was one-headed but due to the reflection of his face in the nine precious stones of his necklace, he was (poetically) called 'ten-headed*. Ravana's harrasment is not thus delimited elsewhere. It should be a part of his span of life. Bd. 3.8.53 correctly reads Satfim caiva sahasrayi 'sixty thousand years' as a part of Ravana's total life. For, a set of the four Yugas=4320000 years, thirteen such sets=56160000 years. Ravaria is credited with this span. Mahodara, Prahasta, Mahapariisu and Khara were the sons of Puspotkata and Kumbhlnasl was her daughter. Trisiras, Dusana, the Raksasa Vidyujjihva and the daughter Asalika are remembered as the children of Vaka. These are the ten Raksasa descendants of Pulastya. They were cruel in their activities. All of their followers were terrible and unassailable even by Devas. All of them had secured boons. All of them were endowed with sons and grandsons. Thus, there are seven classes of Raksasas (including the above three and the following four groups): Panlastyas, Nairrtas, Agastyas and Kausikas. I shall describe the natural features of all these* (Raksasas) 1: They had round eyes. They were yellowish in colour. They had huge bodies and bellies. They had eight fangs; pikelike ears and hairs standing upright. They had their mouths extending (as if) upto the ears. Some had hair like the Munja grass. Some had smoke-coloured upright hair. Some had stout heads shedding white lustre. Some were short-statured. Some had long arms. Some had copper-coloured faces. Some had long (dangling down) tongues and lips. Some had long eyebrows and stout noses. Some were blue-bodied with red necks and majestic eyes. They were terrific. They were excessively terrible-voiced and hideous. They went in groups. They were stout with promi- Superstitions about Raksasas The deer, all the fanged beasts of prey, Bhutas, Pisacas, serpents, bees, elephants, monkeys, Kinnaras, Yamakimpurusas 1 (?) and all those mentioned by me as born of Krodhavasa—all these were Pulaha's sons. In that Vaivasvata Manvantara, Kratu is remembered as childless. He had neither a son nor a grandson. He remained with fully controlled splendour (semen) (i.e. He was celibate). I shall now recount the lineage of Atri 2, the third Praja- pati. He had ten chaste and beautiful wives. Bhadrasva begot of Ghftacl the Apsaras, ten daugh¬ ters. They were:Bhadra, Sudra, Madra, Salada, Malada, Vela, Khala, these seven and Gocapala, Manarasa and Ratnakuta. The founder of the lineage of Atri was famous by the name of Prabhakara (the originator of lustre). He was their husband. He begot of Bhadra, the famous son Soma (the Moon). When the Sun, struck by Rahu, was falling down to¬ wards the earth from the sky, the whole world was enveloped in darkness and it was he (the sage Atri) who spread light every¬ where whereby be got the name Prabhakara. While the Sun was falling the words 'welfare unto you' were addressed to him. At these words of the Brahmana sage Atri (the Sun) did not fall on the earth from heaven.

हिन्दी अर्थ

३८ वायुपुर्राणम् प्रधितेवंचोभिरपये: स्तुयमानो महर्षिभिः । सेव्यते गीतनुत्येश्व गन्धर्वेरप्सरोगंणेः ॥

English

Atri who was the performer of great penance founded excellent Gotras. Among Yajnas (the one called) Atrighana (?) is initiated by Suras. The race of Atri is described in vv. 67-78. He begot of them ten sons, all equal to him. They had no names. All the ten were purified by great penance. They were the sages famous by the name 'Svastyatrcyas. They were mas¬ ters of Vedas. Among them, two were very famous, powerful and expounders of Brahman the eldest was Dattalreya and Durvasas was his younger brother. The youngest daughter was Abala who expounded Brahman. In this connection, the for¬ mer (ancient) Pauranikas cite this verse. Those who arc conversant with Puranas say that Atri's son Dattatreya is embodied Visnu. The noble-souled one is free from sins and tranquil in mind. Four persons born in his spiritual lineage were famous on the earth. They were- Syamas, Mudgalas, Balarakas and Gavisthiras. These are remembered as the groups of very power- fill men. From Kasyapa Narada, Parvata and Arundhati were born. O excellent ones, (listen to and) understand (thesons)of Arundhati. Narada gave Arundhati (in marriage) to Vasistha. 1 Due to the curse of Daksa, the brilliant Narada (was compel¬ led to be) celibate. Formerly when there was a great battle between Devas and Asuras, called Tarakamava, the whole world was op¬ pressed by drought and Sakra was aggrieved along with Suras. The intelligent Vasistha sustained all the subjects by means of his penance. Making use of the medicinal herbs, fruits and roots (the sage) sympathetically enlivened them. (Defective Verse) O Brahmanas, Vasistha begot Sakti of Arundhati. Ad r syanti (wife of Sakti) bore Parara to Sakti on the seashore (?) Kali bore K r?nadvaipayana, the holy lord, to Parasara. FromDvaipayana, Suka, endowed with good qualities, was born, The following six children were born of Plvar! to Suka: five sons, viz. Bhurisravas, Prabhu, Sambhu, Krsna and Gaura and a daughter Kirtimati by name. She was firm'in her holy rites and a Yogic mother. She was the wife of Sattvaguha and the mother of Brahmadatta. 1 here were eight groups (spiritual lineage) of Parasaras of noble souls. They were Svetas, Kfsnas, Gauras, Syamas, Dhumras, Samfilikas, Darakas, the imbibers of hot ' (drinks?/ (Osmapas) and Nilas. Henceforth, understand the progeny of Indrapratima. Kusiti, who was bom of Kapinjall-GhrtacI to Vasistha is called Indrapratima. Vasu was his son born of Pflhu's daughter. Upamanyu was his son whose (descendants) were these Upamanyus. Kundins who were famous as descendants of Mitra- Varuna have one spiritual lineage. Others are well-known as Vasisthas. These are the eleven Gotras of Vasisthas. Thus these eight renowned mental sons of Brahma have been recounted. They were blessed brothers and their spiritual lineages have been established. They sustain these three worlds consisting of groups of Dcvas and sages. Their sons and grandsons are hundreds and thousands. By them the entire Earth is pervaded as with the rays of the Sun.