Adhyaya 77

हिन्दी अर्थ

को हेतु: कारणं किच कण्ठे नीलत्वमीश्वर एतत्सर्ब यथान्यायं ब्रहि कौतृहलं हि मे ४७ भ्रुत्वा वाक्‍्यं ततस्तस्था: पावंत्या: पावंतीप्रियः। कथां मड्भलसंयुक्तां कथयामास शंकरः ४८ मथ्यमानेअमृते पूर्व क्षीरोदे सुरदानवेः । अग्ने समुत्यितं तस्मिन्वि्ष कालानलप्रभम् ४६ ते दृष्ट्वा सुरसंघाश्च देत्याश्चेव वरानने । विषण्णवदनाः सर्वे गतास्ते ब्राह्मणो5न्तिकम् भूत गणों द्वारा सहयोगी भूतपति महादेव जी घिरे हुए हैं ।३६९-४३॥ ऐसे समय में विशुद्ध मणि-मुक्ता रत्न- भूषित, सुबणंमय, मनोहर शिलातल पर सुखपूर्वक बेठे हुए कामदेव के शरीर को जलाने वाले महादेव जी से पावती ने पूछा ।४४। द

English

Henceforth, I shail recount the various types of Danas (religious gifts) and the benefits thereof. I shall also mention the pure things to be used in the Sraddha rite and those that should be avoided. It should be performed on snow-capped precipice (?) or he should also bring snow from there (?). Hence Agnihotra is laid down (in the scriptures) as the greatest and holiest. One shall avoid Sraddha-performancc during the night. On other occasions also, since Rahu is seen, one should quickly perform Sraddha as soon as Rahu is seen 1 even by spending one's entire possession. He who does not perform Sraddha at the time of eclipse becomes distressed like the cow (stuck up) in mire During the sacrifice to Vis'vedevas and Saumyas, the Haou can contain plenty of meat. But one should avoid the horn ol the rhinoceros to mitigate the malice (of Pitrs) (9) Cf. Bd. 3.14. 3-4, KP. II. 16.8; Brahma -51-54 Eclipses are the proper times for Kdmya Sraddhas. eclipses Syamaka (rice), Hastinaman (?), Patola (fruit of Tri- chosanthes Diaoeca), fruits ofBrhatl (Brinjals) and the crest of Agastya—all are very astringent. The exudations mentioned in the Vedas, the salts found in arid lands are to be avoided in the Sraddha rites. Women in their monthly course shall not take part in Sraddhas.

हिन्दी अर्थ

पाव ती ने कहा--हे सांसारिकों का कल्याण करने वाले वृषभध्वज महादेव ! आपके कण्ठ में यह जो मेध की तरह और नोले काजल की तरह दीप्त हो रहा है, जो न अत्यन्त शुभ है और न अत्यन्त स्पष्ट है, वह क्‍या है ? हें काम के शरीर को जलाने वाले महादेव ! आपके कण्ठ में यह जो नीलिमा है, यह किस कारण से हुई है ? यह सब आप हमसे भली भाँति कहें। हमें यह जानने का बड़ा

English

For the lists of kinds of corns to be used for Sraddha food vide MK -9-11 (quoted by Hemadri), VP. III. 16.5-6, Visnu Dhs. 80.2. A comparison of our text with Bd, 3.14 shows that some lines are missing here while others are mixed up. Cf. Bd. ,14.22-27; Smjrti Candrikd —Sraddha, p -416. The milk of ewes, deer, camel, single-horned animals, buffalo and the Camarl deer should be avoided by a wise man. 2 Henceforth I shall mention the places that should be avoided assiduously. I shall also mention, by whom Sraddha should not be seen. I shall also recount what is pure and impure in a Sraddha. With great faith one should perform a Sraddha by means of fruits, roots and foodstuffs available in forests. Thereby he at¬ tains desirable country, heaven and liberation (from Samsara) as well as fame. Places full of noise-pollution and teeming with insects and a place with foul smell shall be avoided for the performance of Sraddha. 3 A place within a distance of twelve Yojanas from all the rivers joining the sea (i.e. so far from their confluence with the sea), a door at the south-east as well as the land of Tris- anku, should be avoided.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कौतृहल हो रहा है ।४५-४७। देवी के वचन को सुनकर पाव॑तीधरिय शंकर ने उस मज्भुल-दायिनी कथा को इस प्रकार कहा-पहले किसी समय देव-दानव मिलकर अमृत निकालने के लिए क्षीरसागर का मन्धन कर रहे थे। किन्तु अमृत निकलने के पहले काल और अग्ति के समान प्रभावाला विष निकल आया। बरानने ! उस विष को देखकर देव दानवों के मुंह सूख गये और वे सब ब्रह्मा के निकट पहुंचे महातेजस्वी ब्रह्मा ने डरे हुए देवों को देखकर कहा--महाभाग ! आप सब डरे हुए क्यों हैं, आपका

English

The land to the north of Mahanadi and to the south of Kaikata is the land of Trisanku. It is forbidden for the rite of Sraddha. 4 The lands of Karankara (Karkal in south Kanara Dist.), Kalinga, the land to the north of Sindhu and those lands wherein the practice of the pious rites of different stages of life and castes are not in vogue, should be avoided scrupulously. The naked and similar (apostates and non-Vedic sects) people should not see the Sraddha rite. 5 This is the rule. Mk. 15-17 Gf. Brahma 169; VP. III. 16.11; MK. 17-19. Gf. Mk. 19. It is not clear why places like Orissa, Telangana or regions north of Indus were declared unfit for & raddha-performance. Were they beyond the pale of Brahmanism when this s ection of the text came to be written? Gf. Bd. 3.14.31-33. As explained below (w.26ff), those who do not have the protec¬ tive covering of the Vedas. The term includes not only non-Vedic sects like

हिन्दी अर्थ

+ नेत्रकरित्युत्तरं बहुशीषषे रित्याद्यप ख. ग, घ. हु पुस्तकेषु ।

English

O holy lord, O leader of important Brahmanas, please recount in detail and precisely to me who ask about the naked and similar people. Thus requested, Bfhaspati of great brilliance said to him • The Trayi (the three Vedas) is remembered as the protec¬ tive covering unto all living beings. Those who discard it out of delusion are the naked O excellent Brahmana. If a man forsakes that protection, he becomes supportless and is ruined. If a man discards. Dharma and seeks liberation ( Moksa ) elsewhere, his labour therein is in vain. For he has not the cor- rect perspective. Formerly, all the Brahmanas, Ksatriyas, Vai£yas and Sudras were made heretics and placed in a deformed state by Asuras who were defeated in the battle between Devas and Asuras. This is not the creation of the self-born god Brahma*. Nor are these: Those who do not practise piety come underthe category of the naked and similar people" (Nagnadayah). A Brahmana who keeps matted hair without any specific aim, who shaves off his hair for nothing and who goes about naked purposelessly is also called so. He who observes holy rites in vain, he who performs Japas in vain is also called '"Naked etc." So also those who blow off their homes, the hunters and those who destroy property (are considered so). They are denounced as men of evil ways finding fault with every action committed. The Sraddha performed or witnes¬ sed by these, goes to men(and not to Pitfs).

हिन्दी अर्थ

अथाउष्टगुणमैश्वर्य भवतां संप्रकल्पिलम् । केन व्यावतितेश्थर्या यूय॑ ये सुरसत्तमाः ५२ श्रेलोक्यस्येश्वरा यूयं सर्वे बे घिगतज्जरा:। प्रजासगें न सोधस्तोह आज्ञां यो से निव्येत्

English

The Brahmana-slayer, the ungrateful, the atheists, the defilers of the preceptor's bed, robbers and wicked men are shun¬ ned at the very sight. One shall avoid all those who commit sins and parti¬ cularly those who indulge in slandering Devas and the divine sages. Whatever is witnessed by these, goes over to Asuras and Yatudhanas. The chief materials touched by them become desecra¬ ted. Solidified ghee shall be avoided at the very outset. Sprink¬ ling with water mixed with clay is laid down (for the consecra¬ tion of materials of Sraddha). Scattering of yellow mustard and black gingelly seeds should be done. The articles should be assiduously shown to the preceptor, the sun and the fire. The following should be avoided in Sraddha: that which is trodden upon by people while climbing on to their seats, that which is seen by the mobile beings that are defiled; dried up and stale things; partly eaten things, defiled objects; that which is licked at the tip; that which is defiled by gravel. One hould avoid (the egg-plant) and all distilled liquors. The salt extracted from the ocean (water) and from the (waters of the) Manasa (lake) (is holy). All sorts of baskets (wicker-work) should be purified ac¬ cording to the conventional practice. Vessels made of tooth (ivory)-bone, wood and horns should be scrubbed and scraped.

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्रजा: कमंविपाकेन शक्ता यूयं प्रवर्तितुम् द ५४

English

All earthen pots should be burnt again (for purifica¬ tion). Gems, diamonds, corals, pearls and conchs are to be purified by (brushing with) the residues of powdered yellow mustard or gmgclly seeds. The same can be used to purify sheep wool and all types of hair. All kinds of sheep's wool can be purified with clay and water, (but) at the beginning and end of all purificatory proces- ses washing with water is recommended. Purification of cotton cloth is effected with sacred ashes. Purification of the earth (ground) is by sweeping, sprinkling and smearing (with cowdung). Outside the village the ground (earth) is purified by the wind. Purification (cleans- *ng) of bow and arrows is effected by (brushing) it with clay. Thus the excel lent modes of purification have been mentioned. One should evacuate the bowels early in the morning at a distance of an arrow-shot from the house in the south-wes¬ tern direction and within the view of the house. He should cover the head (with a cloth). He shall not touch 4 the head with the hands. 1 (Before evacuating) the ground should be covered with dry grass, wooden sticks or leaves, bamboo chips or broken mud pots. He should take water in a pot and hold clay also in the hand in complete silence. He should sit facing the north during the day and the south during the night. He should hold the water-pot with the right hand and wash the anus with the left hand applying clay three times. He should scrub the left hand with clay ten times and then each of the two hands five times.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तत्किमर्थ भयोदिर्ना मृगाः सिहादिता इव । कि दुःख केन संतापः कुतो वा भयमागतम् ॥। श्रुत्वा बाक्यं ततस्तस्य ब्रह्मणो वे महात्मनः । ऊचुस्ते ऋषिभिः साथ सुरबेत्येन्द्रदानवाः ५६

English

Washing the feet after applying clay, he should duly perform Acamana (sipping of water). He should then pour water down three times with (invocation of) the sun, fire and water. A sensible man should always keep a water-pot handy. Subsidiary actions and washing of the feet shall be done by means of this pot. The performance of Acamana and divine duties shall be done by means of a second (vessel). If such actions are per¬ formed with a defiled hand, one should observe fast for three nights. In protracted cases of default, the rite of Krcchra is prescribed for expiation. After touching a dog or a Candala one should perform Taptakrcchra rite. If human bones are touched, fasting is the purification (for it). It is prescribed that if (the bones are) touched delibera- After dealing with the purification of things or materials for Sraddha, the aut hor deals with the purification of the man performing the Sraddha in w. 59 to the end of the Chapter. The Purana-writers (in fact the whole tribe of writers on Dharma-Sastra in the mediaeval period) appear to have been so much obsessed with 'purity-psychosis' that they lost sight of the social necessity of assimilating foreigners or backward people in Hinduism and prohibited their own followers from going beyond the contrac¬ ting geographical limits of Brahmanism (vide w. 69-71), By going to unholy places, one acquires all sorts of One who has no faith in purificatory rites is born among Mlecchas. Those who do not perform Yajnasand sinners are born among the lower strata of animals. A man gets released from sins through purificatory rites and attains heaven. Devas indeed desire purity. This has been declared by Devas themselves. Suras always forsake the hideous and the unclean. Men of auspicious rites perform three types of purificatory rites justifiably.