Adhyaya 31

हिन्दी अर्थ

तेनेबमुक्तो भगवान्विष्णुब्रह्माणवत्रवीत् । पद्धयां तलनिपातेन यस्य विक़मतो5णंबे ॥ द

English

Thus the sin-destroying* story in the context of Daksa as told by Siva, has been narrated to you. In the context of describing the race of Pitrs, this story has been narrated. In succession to the Pitf$, I shall describe Devas hereafter. Formerly, in the Svayambhuva Manvantara, in the beginning of thcTretaage, there were Devas known as Yamas. They were formerly the sons of Yajna. Those known as Ajitas were Brahma's sons. Those known as Jitas and Jitajitas were the mental sons of Brahma. They were known as Sukras. There were three groups of Devas, namely (Yama, Sukra and) Trptimanta. They were the chanters of the Samaveda and were thirty-three in all in Svayambhuva Manvantara (or born of Brahma).

हिन्दी अर्थ

वेगेन महता55काशे व्यथिताश्व जलाशयाः ५८

English

The Yamas are twelve in number, viz. Yadu, Yavati, Didhaya, Sravasa, Mati, Vibhasa, Kratu, Prajati, Visata, Dyuti, This chapter corresponds to Bd. 2.13.87-151. In addition to Devas, the chapter discusses the nature of Time etc. in w. 24 ff. In the Svayambhuva Manvantara a thousands of the offsprings of these passed away. They were endowed with pro¬ wess, beauty, longevity and vigour. They are not mentioned in detail so that no new topic be raised here. The creation of Svayambhuva should be under¬ stood (as similar to) the present Manvantara. The past creation should be seen through the present one, viz. Vaivasvata Manvantara in regard to progeny, gods, sages and Pitrs.

हिन्दी अर्थ

स एव भगवानीशो ह्ानादिश्वान्तकृद्विभुः । भवानहं च॒ स्तोत्रेण हा पतिष्ठाव गोध्वजम् ६०

English

Now know the seven sages who existed before. They were Bhrgu, Angiras, Marici, Pulastya, Pulaha, Kratu, Atri and Vasistha. Svayambhuva Manu had ten valient sons, viz. Agnidhra, Atibahu, Medha, Medhatithi, Vasu, Jyotisman, Dyutiman, Havya, Savana and Putra. They have been mentioned by Vayu as kings of great valour in the first Manvantara. Their families, the Asuras, Gandharvas, Yaksas, serpents, Raksasas, Pisacas, human beings, Suparnas and groups ofApsaras-s cannot be enumerate in order, even in hundreds of years because the names are num¬ erous in their families. Those who were known by the name of Vrajakula and who were in the Svayambhuva Manvantara, passed away as much time elapsed in the order of Ayanas, years and Yugas. Who is this lord Kala, the annihilator of living beings? What is his source of origin? What is his beginning? What is his intrinsic essence? Who is his son? What is his eye? What is his form? What are his limbs? What is his name? Who is his Atman? Mention these in detail as we ask you. May the origin of the Kala be heard. After hearing it, may it be retained in memory. The sun is his source of origin. yimcsa is his beginning. He is called Sankhya-Cak?u (having Number as his eye).

हिन्दी अर्थ

ततः क़द्धोःम्वुजाभास्क ब्रह्मा प्रोवाच केशवम् । न भवाचूनमात्मानं लोकानां योनिमुत्तमम्

English

His form is the day and night. The jYmesas are his limbs. A century constitutes his principle. Kala is his name. He is the Prajapati with the present, past and future as his Atman. Listen to the five divisions in which Kala is divided by means of days, fortnights, months, seasons and Ay anas. The first (year) is Sariivatsara. The second (is called) Parivalsara. The third is Idvaisara. The fourth is Anuvatsara and the fifth is Valsara. The group is called Yuga. 1 I shall explain their principle. Understand as it is being narrated. That which is mentioned as Kratu (sacrifice) and Agni (fire) is considered as Sariivatsara. 2 The fire of time which is the essence in the Sun-god is Parivatsara. He who quickens (lit. warms up) the worlds with his bodies seven times seven ( =49 Maruts) and who makes people to work actively (and quickly) that wind (god) is Vatsara.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ब्रह्माणं लोककर्तारं मां च वेत्ति सनातनम् । को5यं भोः शंकरो नाम ह्यावयोव्यंतिरिच्यती

English

He who while being born out of Brahma, roared thrice egotistically is Rudra. That Rudra who was born red-blue (in complexion) out of them is Vatsara. Now I shall explain to you their essential nature. Understand it as it is being narrated. Due to the contact of limbs and minor parts of the body (divisions and sub-divisions), the Atman of Kala is the great-grandfather. He is the source of origin of Rk, Saman and Yajus. He is the lord of all the five (viz. day, fortnight etc...). That (identical with) Yajus, Soma, Bhuta (elements) and Prajapati is called Samvalsara by learned men. And what is Agni but Sfirya (the Sun-god)? The Sun-god is the arranger of the divisions of time such as days, months, seasons, equinoxes as well as of the activities of planets, stars, of cold, heat, rain, span of life, holy rites, (but himself) is an evolute (being born of Brahma) of kindly disposition, the son of Brahma, the Lord protector of subjects. He is only one.* He is day, month, season and grand-sire (Brahma).

हिन्दी अर्थ

तस्य तत्कोधजं वाक्य भ्रुत्वा विष्णुरभाषत । मा मैवं वद कल्याण परिवादं महात्मनः ६६३ मायायोगेश्वरो धर्मो दुराधर्षों वरप्रदः। हेतुरस्थात्र जगतः पुराणः पुरुषोःव्ययः ३६४

English

He is Aditya, Savitr, Bhanu, the enlivener of life, honoured by Brahma. He is called Bhaskara as he is the source of the origin and cause of destruction of all living beings and is hence designated as Bhaskara. The third Parivatsara should be known as the presiding deity of stars. As the moon is the Lord of medicinal herbs, he is called the great-grand-father. He is the life-bestower of living beings. He meets their needs and preserves them. By. his rays he surveys the universe and sustains it. The moon is the source of the origin of Tithis (days of the Lunar fortnight), junctions of Parvans, the Full Moon and the New Moon. He causes the night and is the Prajapati with nectarine soul. Hence he is fatherly soma of the nature of Rk,

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्रात:कलीन सूर्य के समान तेजस्वी, विशाल मुख वाले किसी अद्भुत जीब को अपनी ओर समीप आते देखकर उन्होंने नारायण से पूछा ।५४। विष्णो ! यह महामुख, बड़े-बड़े दाँतों बाला पुरुष कोन है जिसको मैं पहचान नहीं रहा हे, जिसके शिर के केश उधर-इधर बिखरे हुये है जो दशभज, त्रिशुलधारी, चारों ओर मुख और आंख वाला, साक्षात् लोकप्रभु, विक्ृत, मूंज की बनी मेखला पहने हुये है, जिसका लिंग ऊपर

English

He causes the unified and simultaneous activities of the five units of the physical body, viz. the sense-organs, the mind, the intellect, the memory and power". He is the source of origin of fire, water, earth, the sun and the moon. Hence he is Prajapati. He is the soul of existing worlds. He is the great-grandfather. When medicinal herbs decline, the Lord is worshipped byDevas, the chief of whom was Prajapati and who seek fruits eagerly desired bythem. He is worshipped (by offering Purotfaia) in three Kapalas (pots known as Arribaka). Hence he is called Tryarhbaka. The (Vedic metres) Gayatri, Tristubh and Jagau are remembered (known) by the term Tryambaka. They are the sources of the origin of sacrifice.

हिन्दी अर्थ

उठा हुआ है और जो भयंकर गजंना कर रहे हैं। भगवन् ! ये जोराशि कौन हैं जो अपने तेज से सब दिशाओं को और आकाश को व्याप्त करते हये उधर ही आ रहे हैं ।५५-५७। ब्रह्मा की इन बातों को सुनकर भगवान् विष्ण ने ब्रह्मा से कहा--जिनके पद-प्रहार से समुद्र में बड़े वेग से चंचल, उत्ताल तरग उठ रही हैं, जिसकी छुटा से पद्मसंभव ब्रह्मा भी आवत से हो गये हैं, और जिसके धवास से आपके सहित यह मेरी नाभि

English

It is remembered as Tri-Kapala as the Puroda§a offering consecrated for (achieving) three means by the repetition of those three metrical verses united into one and through their efficacy. Thus the Yuga as mentioned by the learned, is one consisting of five years. The samvatsara that has been mentioned by Brahmanas as one having five-fold selves became a set of six selves with the names of Madhu (spring) and otherseasons. The sons of the seasons are five. Thus this crea¬ tion is mentioned briefly. This wind (vital air) alone is the life of living beings. The destroyer Kala runs with the force of the current of a river with day and night for his hands. Hence he is called the wind. These are the Prajapatis (Lords of subjects) most im-

हिन्दी अर्थ

से निकला हुआ कमल वेग से कपित हो रहा है वे भगवान् ईश हैं जो अनादि, लोकनाशक और विभु हैं चलिये, आप और मैं, स्तुति से इस वृषभध्वज का समीप चलकर अभिनन्दन कर ।५८-६०। यह सुनकर ब्रह। ऋद्ध हो गये, और कमलनयन केशव से बोले---आप लोककर्ता अपने को और लोकपालक सनातन प्रभ मुझको ( ब्रह्मा को ) निश्चय ही नहीं जानते हैं। यह शंकर कौन है जो हम दोनों से बढ़कर है ? ब्रह्मा

English

The lord manifested himself by coming outof the mouth of Brahma, as he was meditating. Hence he (the great lord) Mahadeva, the sage, the Brahmana, the soul of all living beings is the great-grandfather. He, the lord of all living beings is identical with the Pranava. The creation of the limbs (major and minor) of living beings is due to the entry of the soul (into the body). Agni, Samvatsara. the sun, the moon, the wind—Lord Rudra, the soul of Kala, the all-pervader always condenses these. It is called Idvaisara when it causes exhilaration and blesses the world. In this universe everything is penetrated and permea¬ ted by Lord Rudra with his own brilliance, bodies and names by the relation of the supporter and the supported.

हिन्दी अर्थ

की क्रोध से भरी बातों को सुनकर विष्णु ने कहा--६१-६२६। 'कल्याण ! महात्मा के प्रति ऐसी अपमान जनक बातें न कहें । ये मायायोगेश्वर, धर्मरूप, वरदाता और दुर्जेय हैं, ये इस जगत के कारण, अव्यय,

English

Hence through his prowess u— second contact of welfare is the cause of supreme bliss to the worlds. Since he is the cause of tuo general distinction existing in Devas, Pitrs, and Kala, he is worshipped by the learned. The lord of lords, the Prajapati of the Prajapatis, the abode of living beings is Rudra, Nllalohita.He revives the growth of medicinal piants declining again and again. Thus the lineage of Devas cannot be enumerated due to their multiplicity. Their sons and grandsons are too many to mention. He who glorifies this lineage of great Prajapatis of noble deeds and stable renown will attain great Siddhi.