Adhyaya 50

हिन्दी अर्थ

और सुवर्ण से उनमें चित्रकारी की गई है। वहाँ सर्वत्र आनन्द और उल्लास जान पड़ता हैं। इस प्रकार शोभासम्पन्न अनेक प्रासाद और विमान पव॑त पर विराजमान हैं ।१३-१५। उनके दक्षिण में गन्धमादन, व में मन्दर, पश्चिम में विपुल और उत्तर में सुपाश्व॑ नाम के पर्वत है ।१६। उनके हजारों शुद्भसमूहों पर दीपपाताका की तरह चार महान् वृक्ष शोभित हैं, जिनके नीचे हीरक और वेंदूर्य मणि की वेदी बनी हुई

English

Water is present in rivers, oceans, small receptacles such as ponds or puddles, mountains, firmament and the bowels of the earth. Hence water should be regarded as infinite. Simi¬ larly, the element of fire pervades all the worlds. It is said to be infinite, all-pervasive and born of everything. In this way there is no end to the evolutesof the Bhutas. They are infinite. Know that this has been decisively mentioned by gods formerly. The sequence should be known thus. First the earth, then the water and the sky thereafter. This ordei pievails upto the seventh world—Rasatala. The nether world extends 1 to ten thousand Yojanas at each rung. Each of these rungs has been explained in detail by the sages.

हिन्दी अर्थ

है। जिनके काले और चिकने पत्ते की घनी छाया से अनेकानेक आश्रम ढके हुये हैं। जहाँ सिद्ध-चारण- यक्षगन्धर्व॑ आदि सदा विराजमान रहते हैं। जिनकी हजारो शाखाएँ अनेक योजनों की ऊँचाई में फली हुई हैं, एवं जिनमें फल-फूल सवंदा लगे रहते हैं । उन वृक्षों के मूल देश अत्यन्त दुढ़ है ।१७-१६। उस मन्दर वृक्ष के शिखर पर एक केतुराट् नामक महा-वृक्ष विद्यमान है। जिसकी शाखाओं से कन्दरायें, लघु पादप और शिखर आवृत हैं ।२०। उन शाखाओं में घट की तरह बड़े-बड़े फल लगे हुये हैं और विकप्तित केसरों से युक्त सभी ऋतुओं में खिलने वाले, अत्यन्त सृगन्धित रमणीय पुष्प सुशोभित रहते हैं। मन्द मारझित के झकोरों से वे पुष्प

English

The first rung is Atala, below that is Sutala. The widely extensive Vitala is below that. Thereafter come Gabhastala, Mahatala, Srltalaand Patala is known as the seventh. The ground surface * of the first (nether-world) is black; of the second, pale white; of the third, red; of the fourth, yellow; of the fifth, sandy, gravel-covered; of the sixth, rocky; and of the seventh, golden. In the first nether-world, there stands the palace of the lord of Asuras, Namuci, the enemy of Indra. The following abodes too are in the first nether-world, viz. the abode of Maha- nada, the city of Sankukarna, the palace of Kabandha, Ni§-

हिन्दी अर्थ

वरकेतुरेव प्रथितो भद्राश्वो नाम यो द्विजा:। यत्र साक्षाद्ध्षीकेश: सिद्धसंघमहीयते

English

Verses 10-44 describe the Nether-worlds. Their main features are tabulated below: In the second Nether-world (Su)Tala, O Brahma- nas, there are the abodes of the following: the city of the first lord of the Daityas and Raksasas (namely) of Mahajam- bha; the palaces of Hayagrlva, Krsna and Nikumbha; the cities of the (demon) named Sankha and that of Gomukha, demon Nila, Megha, Rrathana and Kurupada; the abode of Mahos- nisa; the city of Kambala, the serpent and that of Asvatara and the city of Taksaka, the noble-souled son of Kadru. In the third Nether-world, there stands the famous city of the noble-souled Daitya king Prahrada and Anuhrada; the city of (the Daitya) named Taraka; the city of Trisiras; the demon Sisumara's city full of commotion, due to the gay, well- nourished citizens; the palace of Gyavana, the Raksasa; of Kum- bhila and Khara; the city of the ruthless Viradha of fire-emitt¬ ing mouth; the city of Hemaka, the Serpent and that of Panqlu- raka and Manimantra; the palace of Kapilaand that of Nanda, the Lord of Serpents and ofVisala. In the fourth Nether-world is the city of Kalanemi the lion among Daityas, that of the noble-souled Gajakarna, the city of Kunjara, the vast and extensive city of Sumali the leading Raksasa, the abode of Munja, Lokanatha and Vrka- vaktra and the city of Vainateya. The latter city extends to

हिन्दी अर्थ

तेन चाइब्लोकितं सर्व द्वीपं द्विवदनायकाः । यस्य सामना समाख्यातो भद्राश्वो नाम नामतः. दक्षिणस्यावि शलस्य शिखरे देवसेविता । जम्बूः सदा पुष्पफला सदा माल्योपशोभिता २६

English

In the fifth Nether-world that is covered with sand and full of gravel extending to many Yojanas, there is the city of the intelligent Daitya chief Virocana, the lion among Dait¬ yas, the abodes of Vaidurya, Agnijihva and that of Hiranyaksa, the city of the intelligent Vidyujjihva, the lord of Raksasas, the city of Mahamegha, that of Malin, the leading Raksasa, the city of the serpent Karmara and those of Svastika and Jaya. In the sixth Nether-world, there is the excellent city of Kesari, the lord of the Daityas, the cities of Suparvan, Sulo- man and Mahisa, and the city of the noble-souled Utkrosa, the leading Raksasa. It is there that Satasirsa the son of Surama, lives joyfully. The king of serpents named Vasuki, the son of Kasyapa (stays there). It should be known that the city of Bali is in the seventh and the last Nether-world, Patala. It is beyond every world. It is gay and full of men and women.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तत्र जम्बूनदं नाम सुवर्ग ज्वलनप्रभम् । देवालंकारमतुल जायते पापनाशनम् ३० देवदानवगन्धर्वा यक्षराक्षसपन्नगा: । तत्पिबन्त्यमृतप्रख्य मधु जाम्बुरसस्रवम्

English

It is full of Asuras, serpents and teeming with haughty enemies of the Devas. There itself is the great city of Mucu- kunda, the Daitya. It is teeming with innumerable great cities of Daityas, full of bustle and commotion and thousands of the rich and prosperous city of the serpents. It is crowded with great rising (flourishing) cities of Daityas and Danavas and the many flourishing abodes of Raksasas. O leading Brahmanas, at the (lowest) extremity of atala extending to many Yojanas, lives the excessively brilliant e§a, king of all serpents. His eyes resemble a red lotiis. He is noble-souled, free from death and old age. His complexion is w ite as the interior of a shining conch-shell. He wears blue garments. His arms are mighty. His body is large and expansive.

हिन्दी अर्थ

स केतुर्दक्षिण होपे जम्बूलोकेबु विश्वुता । यस्या नाम्ना स विख्यातो जम्बूद्वीप:ः सनातनः अपनी गन्ध से हजार योजन से भी दूर की दिशा को सुरभित करते रहते हैं ।२१-२२। ब्राह्मणो ! वही वरकेतु देश भद्राशव के नाम से भी प्रसिद्ध है, जहाँ साक्षात् हृषीकेश भगवान् सिद्धों द्वारा पूजित हुये हैं । मानवश्नेष्ठ ! उसी देश के रुद्र कदम्ब वृक्ष के नीचे इवेत अडव पर अमर श्रेष्ठ हरि पहले स्वयं उपस्थित हुये थे

English

Thus the seven Nether-worlds that could be discussed have been recounted. They are always inhabited byDevas, Asuras, great Serpents, and Raksasas. Beyond this is total absence of light. It cannot be traversed by Siddhas and Sadhus (good people or sages). It is unknown even to Devas and is traffic (life)-less. O excellent Brahmanas, thus is the grandeur of earth, fire, water, wind and ether described by the sages. There is no doubt about this.

हिन्दी अर्थ

और उन्होंने सम्पूर्ण ढ्वीप को देखा था, इसी से उत्त देश का नम भद्राश्व पड़ा ।२५। दक्षिण शैल के शिखरु पर देवों द्वारा सेवित, माला से शोभित और सदा फलने-फूलने वाला एक जम्बू वक्ष है जिसकी जड़ें और तना विशाल हैं। जो चिकने और नये पत्तों से सुशोभित हैं। जिसमें सदा फल-फूल लगे रहते हैं और जो अपनी विशाल शाखाओं से शोभित है। उसके सुस्वादु, कोमल अमृत तुल्य बड़ें-बड़े फल पहाड़ के शिखर से

English

I shall now describe the rotation of the sun and the moon. 1 These are stationed in the ether along with their discs and shine with their lustre as long as they move. The extent of the earth is half of the extent of the seven oceans and continents (?). The sun and the moon illumi- This is a new section dealing with Puranic astronomy. Bd. P. has given a separate chapter (1,2.21) to this and the text corresponds to our text to a great extent. Revolving all round, the Sun illuminates and protects the three worlds. Hence on account of illumination and protec¬ tion, he is called * Ravi \ The root /ao means 'illumination' (and protection )}

हिन्दी अर्थ

टपकते रहते हैं ।२६-२८। जिस कारण उस पवं॑त श्रेष्ठ के एक गण्ड देश से जम्बू नाम की नदी बह निकली है, जिसमें मधुतुल्य रस प्रवाहित होता रहता है। उस नदी से अग्नि के समान कान्ति वाला जाम्बूनद नाम का पापविनाशी सुवर्ण उत्पन्न होता है. जो देवों के अनृपम अलड्ूार के काम आता है ।२६-३०। देव, दानव, गन्धवं, राक्षस, पन्नग आदि अमृत तुल्य मधुर उस जम्बू रस को पीते रहते हैं। दक्षिण द्वीप में वह केतुस्वरूप जम्बू वक्ष निखिल जम्बूलोक में विख्यात है, जिसके नाम पर ही वह द्वीप सदा से जम्बू द्वीप कहा जा रहा है ।३१-३२। महात्मा स्वरूप उस विशाल शैल के पश्चिम छुद्ध पर एक बहुत बड़ा पीपल का वक्ष है। उसमें लटकती हुईं एक माला टंगी है उसका तना और शाखाएँ बहुत बड़ी-बड़ी और ऊँची हैं। भाँति-भाँति के जीव

English

Now I shall mention the magnitude of the moon and The extent of Bharata is equal to the extent of the vastly extensive disc of the sun. Now listen to the number of Yojanas it covers. The extent of the sun is nine thousand Yojanas. The girth or the extent of its disc is thrice its diameter. The lunar disc is twice the solar disc (in diameter as well as girth).

हिन्दी अर्थ

कुम्भप्रमाणः सुस्वाद: फल: सर्वतुकेः शुभ: । सकेतुः केतुमालानां देवगन्धवसेवितः

English

Now I shall recount the extent of the earth in Yojanas. The extent and girth (circumference) of the earth consisting of seven continents has been reckoned in proper mea¬ sure in the Puranas. I shall recount that after enumerating the current Abhimanins (Deities etc. who preside or have the sense of possession etc.). Those Abhimanins who have gone were on a par with the current ones. The Devas who have gone are on a par with, the current ones in forms and names. Hence, I shall describe the surface of the earth through the current Devas. (I shall recount) the situation of the heavenly world entirely through the current (Devas). The entire earth is known as fifty crores (of Yojanas) in extent. From the middle of Meru on all four sides is half

हिन्दी अर्थ

केतुमालेति च यथा तस्या नाम प्रकोतितम् । तन्निबोधत विप्रेन्द्रा निस्‍क्‍्त नाम कर्मेतः सहल्ाकेण विहिता माला तस्प सुतानिता । तस्य स्कन्चे समासकत्या द्यश्वत्थस्थ वनस्पतेः. ३८ सा तथैव महागन्धा ह्यम्लाना सर्वकामिकी । इज्यते सुमहाभागा विविधेः सिद्धचारणः ३३६ तस्य केतोः सदा माला देवदत्ता विराजते पवनेनेरिता दिव्यं वाति गन्ध मनोरमसम् (३४० ताभ्यां नामाडितो द्वीप: पश्चिमे बहुविस्तर: । केतुमाल इति ख्यातो दिवि चेह च सर्वेंश: . ॥

English

Half the extent of the earth is stated in terms of Yojanas. The extent of the earth towards all the sides (quarters) from the middle of Meru is said to be eleven crores and eighty- nine lakhs (of Yojanas) and fifty thousand * 2 ). It is considered as the radius of the circular zone. The sphere at the extremity is thrice this in extent. On being calculated thus the spherical zone of the extremity of the earth has the overall area of eleven crores one hundred and thirty-seven thousand Yojanas. Thus the measurement upto the extremity of the earth has been specified:

हिन्दी अर्थ

साल्यदामकलापेश्च विविधर्गेन्‍्थशालिशि: । शाखाविलम्बी शुशुभ सिद्धवारणसेवितः १३४ ३ प्रवालकुम्भसदू मंधुपृणें: फलेः सदा । स ह्युतरकुरूणां तु केतृवक्ष: प्रकाशते ४४ सनत्कुमारा वरजा मानसा ब्रह्मणः सुताः। सप्त तत्र महाभागाः कुरबो नाम विश्वुताः ३४४

English

The outer surface of the globular sphere of the earth is co-extensive with the sphere of the stars in the firmament. In regard to the magnitude of the outer surface the firmament is equal to the earth. The same is the measure of all the seven worlds. The worlds arc situated above oneanother spreading like an umbrella with their outer spheres. They are all populat¬ ed. Thus the cauldron of the Cosmic Egg has been explained. These seven worlds shaped in the form of umbrellas are severally supported by their own subtle outer coverings, which are ten times bigger in order. They are created with specific attributes and they support the seven worlds.

हिन्दी अर्थ

उसके नीचे और ऊपर बसेरा लिये हुये हैं। उसके नीचे की भूमि सुवर्ण और मणियों से खचित है। सभी ऋतुओं में घड़े के समान बड़े बड़े सुस्वादु फल उसमें लगे रहते है। देव-गन्धर्वे भी उस वृक्ष की सेवा किया करते हैं ।३३-३५। वह वृक्ष केतुमाल देश की ध्वजा के समान है। विप्रो ! सुनिये उस देश का नाभ केतुमाल क्यों पड़ा । क्षीर सागर के मथन काल में जब हैत्य पक्ष पराजित हो गया, तब इन्द्र ने अपने गले से माला उत्तार कर इसी पीपल वृक्ष के स्कन्ध॑ में लटका दी, वह माला समर में देत्यों द्वारा फेंके गये वक्षों से चोट खाकर मुर्शा गई थी ।३६-३७। सर्व॑ सिद्धिप्रदाथिनी वह अति सुरिभित माला अम्लान भाव से से अब तक वहाँ टेंगी है । उस महाभाग्यशालिनी माला की पूजा अभी भी सिद्ध चोरण आदि करते हैं। उस केतु रूप ब॒क्ष पर देवराज द्वारा टाँगी हुई माला सदा विराजती रहती है और वायु के भोंके से हिंलने पर उससे मनोहर

English

All round this Cosmic Egg there is a solid ocean. The entire sphere of the earth is supported by the solid water. 1 Beyond the solid ocean is the solid fire by which the sphere of the world is supported. Beyond and outside the solid fire is the sphere of solid wind that covers the earth on all sides round and above. Beyond the solid wind is the firmament which is surrounded by Cosmic Ego entirely. That Ego is surrounded by Mahat (the Great Principle or Intellect) which again is surrounded by the infinite Unmanifest Prak r ti of un¬ changing form. I shall enumerate in order the cities of the guardians

हिन्दी अर्थ

गंध निकलती रहती है ।२८-४०। इसलिये केतु और माला से चिह्नित होने के कारण पद्चिचम में विस्तृत द्वीप स्वर्ग तथां मृत्युलोक में केतुमाल नाभ से प्रसिद्ध है। उसी के पाइ्ब॑ में उत्तर शिखर पर एक बड़ा वट वक्ष भी है, जो अनेक योजनों में फैला हुआ है। विविध गरन्धयुक्त माला-कलाप से सुशोभित उस वृक्ष की सिद्ध- चारण सदा सेवां करते रहते हैं।४१-४३। घड़े के सदेश लाल-लाल मीठे फलों से वह सदा युक्त रहता है

English

This Puranic concept of seven protective sheaths of our Cosmic Egg shows the influence of Sankhya Tattoos. To the east of Meru and above Manasa is the holy city of Mahendra abounding in all essential riches and richly inlaid with gold. To the south of Meru and above Manasa lives Yama son of Vivasvan, in his city Samyamana. To the west of Meru and above Manasa is the charm¬ ing city of the intelligent Varuna. It is called Sukha.

हिन्दी अर्थ

और उत्तर कुंछ का केतु वृक्ष कहलाता है। सनंत्कुमारं आदि महाभाग श्रेष्ठ ब्रह्मपुत्रों के नामानुसार ही उसका कुरु नाम पड़ा है ।४४-४५। उन पुण्य बौौतिवाले बअहज्ञानी महात्माओं ने उस अविनाशी, मंगलास्पद तथा तत्न तेरागतज्ञाने: सत्त्वस्थेः पुण्यकीतिभिः । अक्षय हेमसपरं लोक प्राप्त सनातनम् ४६

English

To the north of Meru and above Manasa is the city Vibhavari of Soma (the moon) which is comparable to the city of Mahendra. Above Manasa in all the four quarters the guardians of the worlds are stationed for the establishment of virtue (Dharma) and protection of the worlds. Understand the solar movement when the sun reaches south during the southern transit all round above the guardians of the worlds.

हिन्दी अर्थ

इति श्रीमहापुराणे वायुप्रोक्ते जम्बूद्वीपवर्णनं नाम पश्चबिंशोडष्यायः

English

In his transit to the south, the sun moves fast like a discharged arrow. It takes the group of luminary bodies with it and revolves always. When the sun is in miclday in Sukha, the city of Varuna, it rises in Vibhavarl, the city of Soma. It is midnight in Amaravatl and the sun sets in the city of Yaraa. Then the sun is in midday in Vibha, thecitv of Soma. When the sun rises in Amaravatl, it is midnight in Samyamana and the sun sets in the city of Varuna. Making the stars (and planets) whirl and revolving itself like a fiicbiand, the sun sots and then rises quickly.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तेषां चतुर्णा वक्ष्यामि शलेन्द्राणां यथाक्रमम् । अनुबन्धानि रभ्याणि सर्वेकालर्तुकानि च॑ १११ सारिकाभिमंयूरेश्च चकोरंश्र मदोत्कटे: । शुकेश्व भूडराजैश्व चित्रकेश्व समन्‍्ततः जीवडजी वकनादेश्य हेमकानां च नादित: । मत्तकोकिलनादंश्व वल्गुनां च निनादिते: 0३

English

Thus the sun moves in the four continents ending with the southern one. It rises and sets again and again. The sun gives warmth to two abodes of Devas in the forenoon and two in the afternoon. With its rays alone it heats one of them during midday. After rising the sun blazes with its rays of increasing heat till midday. Thereafter with its rays of decreasing heat it sets.

हिन्दी अर्थ

शाश्वत लोक को प्राप्त किया । उन्हीं सातों महात्माओं के वाम पर उस द्वीप का नामकरण हुआ है और वेहं इस लोक तथा स्वगे में उत्तर कुरु के नाभ से विख्यात है

English

Where the sun appears rising, it is known as sunrise to the people thereof; (while) where the sun vanishes, it is called sunset in regard to the people there. Due to the far distant position of the sun and being covered up by the line (horizon) of the earth, its rays become invisible (being obstructed from sight). Hence it is not seen at night. The appearance of the planets, stars and the sun as well as their rising and setting should be known by the magni¬ tude of their height. Fire and water have white lustre and the earth ha? black shadow. Since the sun is at a great distance at the time of rising, it appears to be without rays. Since it is without rays, it has the red lustre, and the absence of heat is due to its redness.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सुतजी बोले--अब हम यथाक्रम से उन चारों प्वतों के रमणीय स्थानों का वेंणेन करते हैं। संभी कालों में वहाँ ऋतुकालीन फल पुष्प लगे रहते हैं।१। वहाँ सवंत्र सारिका, मयूर, मदोत्कट चक्रीर, णुक और

English

Wherever the sun is seen to be stationed on the line (of horizon) it is seen a thousand Yojanas above. When the sunsets, the brilliance of the sun partially enters fires. Hence fire shines more brilliantly at night, even from a distance. When the sun rises again, the brilliance of fire enters the sun. This together with the brilliance left in the sun at the time of sunset, makes it all the more brilliant. So the sun blazes during the day.

हिन्दी अर्थ

चित्र-विचित्र भृज़॑राज विचरंण करते रंहते हैं ।२। जीवंजीवक, हेमक, मत्तकोकिल, बल्गु, सुकण्ठ काञ्चन,

English

The light and heat of the sun and fire getting mixed together nourish people during day and night. In the northern and southern halves of the earth when the sun rises, night enters waters. Hence, during day waters are copper-coloured as a result of the entry of night. When the sun sets, day enters waters. Hence during night, water appears white and bright as a result of the entry In this manner, in the southern and northern halves of the earth, day and night enter waters at the time of sunset and sunrise.

हिन्दी अर्थ

२७० ...वायुपुराणम् सुग्रीवकाचतरबः कलविड्धू-रुतेस्तथा । कूजितान्तरशब्दश्व सुरम्याणि च सबृशः ४ मदोत्कटमंधुकरेशञ्न मरेश्व महालसे: । उपगीतवनान्तानि किन्नरेश्व क्वचित्क्वचित् क्‍ ५

English

Day is the time when there is sunlight and night is the time when there is darkness. Hence, night is established (independently) due to this, while day is dependent on the sun. When the sun passes through the middle of the sky, it traverses one-thirtieth of the diameter of the earth in a Muhurta (forty-eight minutes). In regard to the distance traversed in Yojanas, f a! 111 1S three million one hundred and fifty thousand in lull. This is the distance traversed by the sun in one Muhurta.

हिन्दी अर्थ

नानाधातुविचित्रेश्च कान्तरूपे: शिलाशते: । शल्लें: क्वचिव्हिजश्रेष्ठा विन्यस्तं: शोभितानि च.

English

The extent of the zone in the northern quarter in Yojanas as calculated by the Brahmanas is one crore eight million and fiftyeight Yojanas. The northern orbit is called Nagavlthl 1 and the southern one is called Ajavlthl. When the sun rises in the constellations Mula, Purvasadha and Uttarasadha it is called Ajavlthl. When the sun rises during the rise of the three stars after Abhijit (i.e. Asvini, Bharani and Krttika) it is called Nagavlthl. I shall mention the distance in Yojanas between these two quarters. This distance is three million one hundred and three thousand three hundred and thirtythree Yojanas. Now I shall mention the distance between the south¬ ern cardinal points and meridians in Yojanas. Understand it.

हिन्दी अर्थ

देवदानवगन्धर्वेयक्षराक्षसपन्नग: । सिद्धाप्सरोगणश्चेब सेदितानि ततस्ततः ... ॥ मनोहराणि चत्वारि देवाक़ीडनकान्येथ । चतुदिशमुदाराणि नाग्ना श्रुणुत तानि से नेविस्तीर्णतीर्थानि महापुण्यवनानि च । महानागाधिवासानि सेवितानि महात्मभिः १३ सुरसामलतोयानि शिवानि सुसुखानि च । सिद्धदेवासु रबर रुपस्पृष्टजलानि च १४

English

The magnitude of this zone is twentyone thou¬ sand two hundred and twentyone Yojanas. This is the measure¬ ment of the zone calculated in Yojanas. The diameter of the zone is laid obliquely. Everyday the sun traverses those (zones) indue order. Just as the outer rim of the potter's wheel comes back (revolves) quickly, so also the sun returns quickly during its southern transit.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कलविक आदि पक्षियों के मधुर निनाद से उनके प्रान्तर भाग सदा गुृंजित और सुरम्य बने रहते हैं। मतवाले अतएव अलसाये मधुकरों, श्रमरों से तथा किन्नरों से भी कहीं-कहीं वह वन मुखरित रहता है। कोमल पल्‍लवों से सुशोभित सब वृक्ष वहाँ मनन्‍्द यारुतसे कंपाये जाने पर सदा पुष्पवृष्टि करते हुये देखे जाते हैं

English

According to Varahamihira's B r hat-Samhitd, Vithi is a particular division of the planetary sphere comprising of three astensms. Thus Naga- vlthi is constituted of asterisms Asvini, Bharani and Krtti a w i e javi formed of Mula; Purvasadha and Uttarasadha. Tlie sun passes through tliirtccn and a half constella¬ tions of stars during the day. During the night in eighteen Muhurtas it passes through as many (i.e. thirteen and a half) of stars. Just as the central region of the potters wheel moves slowly, so also in the course of the northern transit the sun moves slowly. The sun passes through thirteen and a half stars. Hence it covers less extent of the earth in longer time.

हिन्दी अर्थ

फूलों के गुच्छे, मंजरियाँ और लाल-लाल पत्तें मन्दवायु के झोंके से सदा हिलते हुये ऐसे जान पड़ते हैं मानों हिंडोले पड़े हों । ब्राह्मणों ! नाना धातुओं से विचित्र अतएवं रमणीय शत-शत शिलाएं और हल्ल ( पपड़ियाँ ) इध र-उधघर पड़े हुये हैं, जिससे सारा वन-प्रान्त सुशोभित रहता है ।७-८। जहाँ-तहाँ सिद्ध, देव, दानव, गन्धर्वे, पक्ष, राक्षस, पतन्नग, सिद्ध और अप्सरागण भी वहाँ घमते-फिरते रहते हैं । वहाँ देवताओं के चार क्रीड़ावन हैंजो रमणीय और विस्तृत हैं। उनके नामों को सुनिये ।६-१०। पूर्व में चेत्रथवन, दक्षिण में नन्‍्दनवन, पश्चिम में वेश्राज और उत्तर में सवितृवन है। इन चारों वनों का भीतरी स्थान-संनिवेश बड़ा ही मनोहर है। वहां सदा ही पक्षिकुल कलरव करता रहता है। उन वनों में बड़े-बड़े तीथं, पुथ्यस्थान हैं। जहाँ बड़े-बड़े नाग निवास करते हैं और महात्मा भी विराजते रहते हैं।११-१३। वहाँ के जलाशयों, का जल सुमधुर,

English

In the later part of the northern transit, a day has the duration of eighteen Muhurtas. Then also the sun proceeds very slowly. The sun passes through thirteen and a half stars dur- ing half the time (i.e. the daytime). During night, it passes through as many stars in the course of eighteen Muhurtas. Just as a ball of clay placed on the middle of the wheel whirls slowly, so also does the Pole Star.

हिन्दी अर्थ

निर्मल, सुखद और मंगलकर हैं, क्‍योंकि वहाँ की जलराशि सिद्धों, देवों और राक्षसों आदि के द्वारा स्पर्श की गई है। छाते की तरह बड़े-बड़े मनोहर, सृगन्धित और बड़ी पंखड़ियों वाले पुण्डरीक और उत्पलों से वे जलाशय शोभायमान हैं वहाँ बड़े-बड़े चार सरोवर भी हैं। उनके नामों को भी सुनिये ।१४-१५। पूव में

English

They say that day and night together constitute thirty Muhurtas. The whirling Pole between the two quarters revolves in a circle. Just as the nave of the potter's wheel remains there only, similarly it should be known that the Pole Star whirls there only (without changing its place). Thus the rotation of the sun in a circle between the two quarters is slow during day and fast during night. During the northern transit, the movement of the moon (?) is slow during day and fast during night.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अरुणोदं च पूर्वेण ये च शेलास्ततः स्घृताः । तास्कीत्य॑मानांस्तत्त्वेन श्रृणुध्व॑ बविस्तरान्मम महानीलो5थ रुचकः सबिन्दुमंन्दरस्तथा । वेणुमांश्व सुमेधश्च निषधो देवपर्वत ११६ इत्येते पर्वतवरा अन्ये च गिरयस्तथा । पुर्वेण मन्दरस्यते सिद्धवासा उदाहता:

English

Dividing nights and days thus by its special diverse movements, the sun traverses the path by its even (regular) and uneven (irregular) movement. Agastya (the star Canopus) traverses quickly over the guar lans of the worlds stationed in the four quarters over the mountain o aloka. He divides days and nights by diverse He is the protector of the worlds to the south of Naga-

हिन्दी अर्थ

सरसो मानसस्नेह दक्षिण ये महाचला: । ये कीतिता मया ते व नामतस्तान्निबोधत

English

There is as much of sunlight at the sides, behind and all round Lokaloka as there is on its top in front. This mountain is above ten thousand Yojanas in height. It ispartlybright and partly unilluminated. It is circular all round. The stars, the moon, the sun and planets shine within the internal part of mount Lokaloka. The world is only so far and no further. Beyond this there is darkness. The Lokaloka is single but Niralokas (the darker sides) are numerous.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सुवक्षा: शिखिशेलश्च कालो बेदूर्यपर्वृतः कपिल: पिड्गलो रुद्र: सुरसश्च महाचल: (२७ अरुणोद. दक्षिण में मानस, परिचम में शीतोद और उत्तर में महाभद्र नामक चार सरोवर हैं।१६। अरुणोद सरोवर के पूर्व में जो पव॑ंत आदि हैं, उनके तत्त्व का हम बिस्तार से वर्णन करते हैं, सुनिये ।१७। शज्ञीतान्त॑, कुमुञ्ज, सुवीर, विकद्धू, मणिशील, कृष्ण, महानील सविन्दु. मन्दर, रेणुमासू सुमेध निषध और देवाचल । इतने तथा अन्यान्य और भी पर्वतगण मन्दर के पूरब में वर्तमान हैं, जो सिद्धों के आवास हैं

English

Since the sun in its circular movement unites the Lokaloka, the wise call the inter-space between Usa and Vyusti by the name Sandhya. Usa is night and Vyusti is day. A curse was cast on the wicked demons who were bent on devouring the sun at the time of twilight that they would have imperishability of bodies but they would be made to die (everyday). Three crores of demons who are well-known as Mandehas seek everyday the rise of the sun. The wicked ones harass and desire to devour the blazing sun.

हिन्दी अर्थ

मानसरोवर के दक्षिण में जो पर्वत हैं, जिनके बारे में हम पहले कह च॒के हैं, उनके भी नामों को सुनिये

English

Then there was a t errific fight between them and the sun. The excellent Brahmanas, Devas and Brahma who had been performing the worship of Sandhya sprinkled the holy water sanctified by Omkara and Gayatri. As the water became adamantine, the Daityas were burnt. Then the sun of great splendour, excessive lustre and valour rises up a hundred thousand Yojanas. Then goes forth the Lord (the Sun-god) with his bril¬ liant rays. He is surrounded by Brahmanas and Valakhilya Sages who have achieved their object (of protecting the Sun). Fifteen Nimesas (winking time of the eye) make one Kaslha, thirty JCasfhds make one Kala\ thirty ha as

हिन्दी अर्थ

देवस्वभाव के और श्रंष्ठ कहे गये हैं और ये सब देवता के समान तेजस्वी मेढ के दक्षिण में स्थित हैं ब्राह्मणो ! शीतोद सरोवर के अपर भाग में जो उत्तम पव॑त हैं, उनके सम्बन्ध में भी कहते हैं सुनिये । सुवक्षा, शिखिशल, काल, वेंदुर्यगिरि, कपिल, पविंगल, रुद्र, सुरस, कुमुद, मधुमान, अंजन, मुकुट, कृष्ण, पाण्डर, सहस्नशिखर, परिजात और हदौलराज त्रिश्वुद्भ । इतने ये श्रेष्ठ पंत परिचम दिखला में हैं

English

This is a mythical mountain encircling the world. Th its circle is lighted (that gets light) while on the other side mountain, there is utter darkness. There is increase and decrease in the length of day by The three Muhurtas from the time when the sun rises from the horizon constitute the Prataslana (early morning) period which is one-fifth part of day. 1

हिन्दी अर्थ

' नौलः कनकशुडगश्च शतशडगश्च पर्वतः । पुष्पको मेघशलश्च विराजश्चाचलोत्तम: ॥

English

The period of three Muhurtas from the early morning is called Safigava (forenoon). The period of three Muhurtas after forenoon is called Madhyahna (midday). The period of three Muhurtas from midday is called Aparahna (afternoon). When the sun is in the equinox, day and the night each consists of fifteen Muhurtas. During the transit of the sun to the north and south the duration of day increases and decreases accordingly. Day swallowst night and night swallows day.

हिन्दी अर्थ

इति श्रीमहापुराणे वायुप्रोक्ते भुवनविन्यासों नाम षट्त्रिशोध्ध्याय: ।ह९।॥ शोभासम्पन्न महाभद्र सरोबर के उत्तर में जिन परव॑तों को हमने बताया है. उन्हें यथाक्रम से कहते हैं, सुनिये ।

English

The equinox occurs between autumn and spring. The moon attains his seven 2 (?) Kalas during the day and the night. Fifteen days make one Paksa (half of a month). Two halves make one month and two months make a Rtu (season). Three Rtus (seasons) make one Ayana and two Ay an as make a year. The unit of time constituted by fifteen Nimesas is Kdffha. Thirty Kaslhas make a Kald. It consists of one hundred and sixty Matras.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अचलोत्तम विराज और इदॉलेद्ध जारुधि उत्तर में स्थित इतने पंतों के नाम गिनाये गये हैं। इन परव॑तश्रष्ठों

English

The unit of time Cala 3 (Kata'!) is thus defined. It consists of ninetynine, thirty, thirtysix, sixtytwo or twenty- three Matras (Defective Verse). Verses 170-173 give the five divisions of day, each consisting ot three MuhSrlas in duration. Samam 'equal number of Kalas' in Bd. P. I. 2.21.124. A misprint for Kata.

हिन्दी अर्थ

के मध्य जितनी स्थली, अन्तद्रोंणी और सरोवर आदि हें, उन्हें सुनिये ।३०-३ ३। सृतजी बोले--शीतान्त और कुमुञ्ज पर्वतों के बीच एक द्रोणी ( घाटी ) है, जहाँ पक्षिगण कलनाद करते हैं और लाना भाँति के जीव निवास करते हैं ।!। यह तीन सौ योजन लम्बी ओर सौ योजन चोड़ी है ।

English

Forty thousand and eight hundred and seventy Metros make the unit of time called Vidyuti. 1 To be precise, it is ninety (instead of seventy). In Vaidliasaihyuga (?) they say that there are only four hundred Malras in a Vidyuti. This is known as Cararhsa. The cause is Nalika [Ghatika = 24 minutes]. The five units of time, Samvatsara etc., have four alternative calculations. 2 3 * * * 7 The fixation 2 of Yugais decisively done on this basis in all the units of time.

हिन्दी अर्थ

महोरगेरध्युषितं + महाभोगद्रासद: । देवदानवगन्धर्वेरपस्पृष्ट जले शुभम् ४ पुण्यं तच्छोसरो नाम प्रकाश दिवि चेह च। प्रसन्नजलसंपूर्ण शरण्यं स्वदेहिनाम् ५ तत्र त्वेकं महापद्म' मध्ये पद्सवनस्थ हू। कोठिपत्रप्रचारं तत्तरुणादित्यवर्चंसम् ६ नित्य व्याकोशमजरं चा्वल्याच्चातिमण्डलम् । चारुकेशरजालाढ्ध मत्तपट्पदनादितम्

English

The first year is Sarhvatsara; the second is P.vivatsara; the third is Idvatsara\ the fourth is Aniwalsarcr, the fifth is Vat- sara. Thus the various units of time are termed. Twenty hundreds of Parvans (i.e. a thousand months) constitute a Yuga of the sun. These eighteen plus thirty (i.e. 48) Yugas make one Udaya of the sun. Thirty Rtus of the sun make ten Ayanas. Three thousand five hundred Ayanas make sixty months of the sun. Thirty days and nights make one month of the sun. Sixtyone days and nights make one Danu. One hundred and eightythree days constitute the time of one transit of the sun over the world.

हिन्दी अर्थ

शाखासहलत्रफलितमंहास्कस्थे: समाकुलम् । फल: सुवर्णसंकाशहँरितः पाण्ड्रेस्तथा ११ अमृतस्वादुसद्शरभेरीमात्र: सुगन्धिभि: । शोर्थभाण: पतड्िश्च कीर्णा भूमिनिरन्तरा १२ उनमें एक सरोवर भी है, जिसका जल रमणीय, निर्मल और सुस्वादु है ।२। द्रौणी के विस्तार के अनुकूल सुगन्धित पुण्डरीक और हजार पंखड़ीवाले पद्मों से वह सुशोभित है।३। उसमें विशाल शरीरवाले दुर्धर्ष महासर्प निवास करते हैं और देव-दानव जिनके शुभजल में सदा स्नान किया करते हैं।४ यह पवित्र श्रीसर स्व और मृत्युलोक में विर्यात है । यह सदा निरमेल जल से परिपूर्ण रहता और सब देहधारियों का शरण

English

The four types of calculation, viz. Saura (solar), Sau- mya (lunar) jYdkfalra (stellar) and Savona (sacrificial) should be clearly understood. A new unit of time. In Bd. P. I. 221. 126-29 it is Vidyut. Its duration Vide verse 138 below. The calculation systems were: Saura (based on the sun,solar). Sawnya (the lunar), tfdkfatra (stellar), Sauana [relating to the three soma libations per day corresponding to the solar time ( ay,

हिन्दी अर्थ

दाता है ।५। वहाँ पद्मवन के मध्य में एक महापझ है, जिसमें करोड़ पंखड़ियाँ हैं और जो तरुण सूर्य की तरह प्रकाशपूर्ण है। यह सर्वदा विकसित रहता है, कभी भी मुर्झाता नहीं, इसमें कोमल केसरजाल भरे हैं जिनके लोभ से मतवाले भौरे गूंजते रहते हैं। उस पद्म में साक्षात् लक्ष्मी सदा निवास करती हैं। मूतिमती लक्ष्मी का बह निवासस्थान है, इसमें कोई सन्देह नहीं हैं ।(६-८5। उस सरोवर के पूर्वीय तट पर सिद्धनण निवास करते

English

The Puraoa records the age-old tradition that the \uga p 1-3; Vaj. S. 27. 45; Atharva VI. 55. 3). Tai. Br. 1.4.10.1 tdenufies Samvatsara, Parivatsara etc. with gods Agni, Aditya etc. There is a mountain Srngavan to the north of Sveta. Its three peaks appear to touch the sky. Due to these peaks the mountain is known as Srnga-

हिन्दी अर्थ

हैं। वहाँ फूल-फलों से लदा हुआ एक मनोहर और विस्तृत बिल्ववन है ।६। वह सौ योजन चौड़ा और तीन सौ योजन लम्बा है। आधे कोस ऊँचे बड़े बड़े हजारों वृक्ष उसमें खड़े हैं। उनके बड़े विशाल तने हैं, जो हजारों शाखाओं से सुशोभित हैं और उनमें सोने के समान पीले, हरे और पाण्ड्र वर्ण के फल लगे हुये हैं ।६-११। ये सभी फल सुगन्धित, अभ्ृत की भाँति स्वादिष्ठ और भेरी बाजे के बराबर बड़े बड़े हैं । जब धनुश्चिह्नान्तगंतग्रन्थो 5. पुस्तके नास्ति । +-महाभोगेरित्यारम्य सन्तचत्वारिशाध्यायस्यषो डशइलोकस्थ- ब्रह्मपातो निवसतीत्यन्तग्रन्थ: ख. पुस्तके नास्ति ।

English

Its eastern peak in the middle is golden. The south¬ ern peak consists of silver. It has crystalline lustre. The excellent peak in the north consists of precious stones and jewels. Thus with the three peaks the mountain is well known as Srngavan. Betwixt autumn and spring, the sun proceeds with medium velocity, neither fast nor slow. It reaches that peak of the mountain which is near the equinoctical line. The Dispeller of darkness, i.e. the sun, makes the night equal to the day.

हिन्दी अर्थ

नामना तच्छीवर्न नाम सर्वलोकेषु विश्वुतम् । गन्धर्वे: किन्नरयंक्षेमंहानागेश्च सेवितम्

English

Divine green-coloured horses are yoked to his great chariot. They appear (shining) as though they are smeared with the (solar) rays red like lotus. During the Mesa and -Tula zodiacal transit of the sun days and nights contain fifteen Muhurtas beginning with sunrise. When the sun is in the first quarter of the constella¬ tion Krttika (Pleiades), the moon is known to be in the fourth part of the constellation Visakha. When the sun traverses through the third part of Viiakha, know that the moon has occupied the top of Krttika.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सिद्धश्वेव समाकोर्ण नित्यं बिल्वफलाशिभि: । विविधेर्भूतसंघेश्च नित्यमेव निषेवितम् तस्मिन्वने भगवती सांक्षाच्छीनित्यमेव हि। देवी संनिहिता तत्र सिद्धसंघेन मस्कृता १५ विकद्धूस्पाचलेन्द्रस्य मणिशलस्य चान्तरे । शतयोजनबिस्तीणं द्वियोजनशतायतम

English

The sages call that as equinox. Equinox shall be known through the (position of the) sun and the time through (that of) the moon. When days and nights are equal it is equinox. During equinoctical transit oblations to the Pitrs and charitable gifts to the Brahmanas should be made. Brahmanas are the mouths of Devas. In view of the differences due to Kalas, Kasthas and Muhurtas, the night of short duration and.intercalary month occur. The full moon is of two types r Raka and

हिन्दी अर्थ

विपुलं चम्पकव्न सिद्धधारणसेवितम् । पुष्पलक्ष्म्याबृतं भाति ज्वलन्तसिव नित्यदा

English

The six months, viz. Magha, Phalguna, Caitra, Vaisa- kha, Jyestha and Asadha are the months oWttardjana (northern transit of the sun). The six months, viz. Sravana, Bhadrapada, Asvina, Karttika, Margasirsa and Pausa are the months of Dcknnayana (southern transit of the sun). These months make a year. The five years are the sons of Brahma. Rlus are born of them. These are their parts. Hence the New Moon Day (Amavasya) is known as the leader of the Parvans. More than that the equinox should be known as favourable to Devas and Pitrs. After knowing this, a man should not get deluded regarding rites concerning Devas and Pitps. Hence equinox is remembered as all-pervasive by the people.

हिन्दी अर्थ

हद्विबाहुपरिणाहैस्तैल्रिहस्तायामविस्तरं :। मनःशिलाचणंनि्ः पाण्डकेशरशालिभिः ३१६ पुष्प॑म॑नो हरेव्याप्तं व्याकोशेगेन्धशालिभिः: । विराजते वन सर्वे मत्तश्रमरनादितम् ... ॥ तद्न दानवदेवर्गन्धर्वेयक्षराक्षस: किनरेरप्सरोभिश्व महानागेश्व सेबितम्

English

The worlds (Lokos )should be known (toexist) as far as light (the space illuminated by the sun) extends. The end of the world is also called Loka (of the Lokaloka mountain). The guardians of the worlds are stationed there in the middle of the Loklaoka mountain. They (the Lokapalas) are the four noble souls who stay till the final dissolution of the world. They are Vairajaof good (brilliant) splendour, Kardama of good and merciful dis¬ position, Parjanya of golden hair, and Ketuman of fixed deter¬ mination. The guardians of the worlds are stationed in the four •quarters in Lokaloka, free from Dvanduas (mutually clashing opposites), devoid of arrogance, without an attendant, and absolutelyuncontrolled by anyone else.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तत्राअ्रमं भगवतः कश्यपस्य प्रजापते: । सिद्धसाध्यगगाकीर्ण नानाश्रुतिविभूषितम् ॥ द महानीलकुमुञ्जाम्यासन्तरे5प्यचलावथ

English

The path that is to the north of Agastya, south of Ajavlthl and outside the path of Vaisvanara is called Pilryana. According to Nirukta XI-29, Pauqiainasi (the full moon day) when. mixed with the 14th Tithi, is Anumati and when mixed with the 1st day When Amavasya (the new maon day) is mixed wit., the 14 h Tithi, it is Sinivali and when mixed with the 1st Tithi of the next(i.e. bright) fortnight it is Kuhu. Stationed there in the path of Pitryam are the sages blessed with progeny who perform Agnihotras and who perpe¬ tuate the lineage of the world.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ये पक कर घरती पर गिरते हैं, तो वनप्रान्त भर जाता है। संसार में वह श्रीवन के नाम से प्रसिद्ध है, जहाँ गन्धवं, किन्नर, यज्ञ और महानाग सदा विचरण किया करते हैं ।( २-१३। बिल्व फल की आशा से सिद्धनण ओर विविध भाँति के जीव वहाँ पड़े रहते हैं। उस वन में साक्षात् भगवती लक्ष्मी देवी स्वयँ नित्य निवास करतो हैं, उन्हें सिद्धगनण प्रणाम किया करते हैं ।!४-१५। विकंक और मणिशल पव॑ंतों के बीच में सौ योजन लम्बा और दो योजन चौड़ा बड़ा सा चम्मक वन है। यहाँ भी सिद्ध-चारण निवास किया करते हैं। फलों कौ शोभा से वह वन सदा जलता हुआ सा मालम पड़ता है।१६१७। विशाल तनेवाले उन बक्षों के पत्तों के भार से झकी शाखाएँ आधे कोस तक ऊपर फंली हुई हैं, जिनमें सदा फल खिले र हत हैं। इससे वहु॒ वन पिजढ़े की तरह शोभित रहता है १5५। पाण्डु वर्ण के केसरो से युक्त और मनःशिला के चण की तरह वर्णवाले,

English

Desirous of the welfare of the worlds, they bless the activities of living beings and begin the activities of Rtviks. Theirs is the southern path. In every Yuga they re-establish Dharma that has gone astray (being rudely shocked and shaken) by their progeny, penance, adherence to the bound of decency and persuit of learning. The earlier ones on their death are reborn in the houses of the later ones. This series of births and deaths makes them live upto the hour of final dissolution of the universe.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सिले हुये, मनोहर, सुगन्धित तीन हाथ लम्बे दो हाथ चौड़े पुष्पों से वह वन सदा व्याप्त रहता है। उन फूलों पर भौंरे मंडराते रहते हैं, जिससे वन स्बय॑ मुखरित सा जान पड़ता है। यह वन भी दानव, देव, ग़न्धवं, यक्ष, राक्षस किन्नर अप्सरा और महानागों द्वारा सदा सेवित रहता है ,१६०२१। यहाँ भगवान् कदयप प्रजापति का आश्रम भी है, जहाँ सिद्ध ओर साध्यजन भरे पड़े हैं और जहाँ चारों वेदों का पाठ होता

English

There are eighty thousand householder-sages re¬ sorting to the path south of the sun. They stay there as long as the moon and the stars exist. In view of their worldly activities, the creation of living beings, natural desires and hatred, sexual intercourse and other sorts of enjoyments of pleasures as well as due to other causes, the Siddhas have resorted to cremation grounds. These sages, desirous of progeny, were born in the Dvapara age. The path north of Nagavlthi and south of the Sapta Rsis (Great Bear) is Devayana, the northern path of the sun. The Siddhas residing there are unsullied and celibate. They hate sexual intercourse. They have conquered death. These Ordhvareias sages (who have sublimated their sexual desire) are eighty thousand in numbers They have re-, sorted to the northern path of the sun and stay there till the final dissolution overtakes the universe.

हिन्दी अर्थ

रहता है। महानील और कुमूंज पवंतों के बीच भौ सुखदायिनी महानदी के सिद्ध सेवित तट पर पचाम योजन लम्बा और तीस योंजन चौड़ा एक मनोहर तालवन है। वहाँ के ताड़ के पेड़ आधे-आधे कोस लम्बे हैं मृष्टगन्धरसोपेतेंस्पेत॑ सिद्धसेवितम् ३२४ माहेद्रस्य हिपेन्द्रस्य तत्र वास उदाह्ृत: । ऐरावतस्य भव्वस्थ सर्वलोकेषु विश्वुतः २५

English

In view of these pious causes they have attained deathlessness that will last as far as the final dissolution of the Bhutas (elements). Deathlessness is predicated of those who survive till final dissolution. This is the period (of life) till the three worlds last, for sages who do not return to the path of Samsara. Others of To the north and above the world of sages, where Dhruva is said to be present, is the divine shining region of Visnu, On reaching that region none is affected by sorrow or pain. It is the greatest region of Visnu where Dharma, Dhruva and other Sadhakas of the world stay.