Adhyaya 58

हिन्दी अर्थ

पत्चमः सोमको नाम देवेयंत्रामृतं पुरा । संभूतं संहतं चेव मातुरर्थ गरुत्मता द

English

Henceforth I shall explain the traits of Dvapara 1 age. When Treta Yuga ends, Dvapara sets in. In the beginning of Dvapara, the attainment of Siddhis by the people is as it was in Treta Yuga. But as the Yuga advances, the Siddhis disappear. This chapter describes the state of society, religion, religious texts etc. in Dvapara Age. The deterioration and confusion in social, religious and other conditions in Dvapara show how a backround of chaotic conditions was developing for Kali Age. Then the following vices begin to appear in the people at the time of Dvapara.: covetousness, lack of fortitude, trading mentality, war-mindedness, indecision about principles, inter-mixture of castes, indecision about duties, destruction of sacrificial plants and animals, pride, arrogance, impatience and weakness. These vices provoked by Rajas and Tamas Gunas prevail in Dvapara Age.

हिन्दी अर्थ

वेश्राजः सप्तमस्तत्न अ्राजिष्णः स्फाटिको महान् । यस्माद्वि श्राजतेर्धचिभियेंश्राजस्तेन स स्मृतः: या रोग सताता है। वहाँ मणियों से भूषित छुश्र वर्ण के सात पव॑त और रत्नों को उत्पन्न करने वाली नदियाँ हैं। इनके नामों को भी कह रहा हूँ, सुनिये ।३-४॥ इन प्लक्षादि सात द्वीपों में सीधे-सीधे ओर बड़े-बड़े सात पव॑त चारों ओर वतंमान हैं! पहले हम प्लक्ष द्वीप के सातों महाचलों को कहेंगे । यहूं मेघ के तुल्य पहला गोमेदक नाम का पर्वत है । उसी के नाम पर वह देश गोमेदक कहलाता है ।१-६। दूसरे पर्वत

English

In Krta Age Dharma is natural; in Treta it is sought and attained. In Dvapara it becomes agitated and intensly affected, and in Kali it perishes. In Kali Age the order of the castes gets destroyed. The discipline of the different stages of life is disturbed and confused. Doubts (due to variance) in Srutis and Smjtis begin to rise. Owing to the difference between Srutis and Smrtis, no decision is arrived at. Due to indecision, principles of Dharma cannot be declared. When the principles diverge, there is diffe¬ rence of opinion among men. In view of the defects in the causes and the indecisions therein, differences in opinion arise leading to these peculiarities of outlook (or philosophy).

हिन्दी अर्थ

का नाम है चन्द्र । इस पर सब ओषधियाँ मिलती हैं। अप्ृत के लिये सब ओषधियाँ यहाँ अश्विनी कुमारों के द्वारा स्थापित हुई हैं। तीसरे पर्वत का नाम नारद है। यह ऊँचा पव॑त दुर्गंशल नाम से भी प्रसिद्ध है। इसी पहाड़ पर पूर्व काल में नारद और पर्वत ऋषि उत्पन्न हुए थे। चौथे पर्वत का नाम है दुर्दुभि । इसी पर्वत पर पहले देवों ने वह नगाड़ा बजाया था, जिसकी ध्वनि सुनते ही जीव मर जाते थे । रज्जुदार, और

English

Multiplicity of scriptures has been created by the people of different (philosophical) outlooks. A single unified Veda is divided into four in Treta Age. Due to the short span of life as found in Dvapara Yuga, the Veda is classified into four by Vedavyasas (in Dvapara Yugas). The Vedas are further sub-divided into Mantras and Brahmanas by the descendants of sages by alterations on ac¬ cents, syllables etc. in accordance with their different outlooks. The Samhitas of the Rk, Saman and Yajur Vedas were compiled by sages expert in Srutis occasionally with general and special (known as Vedic Ft krtis) changes according to different standpoints.

हिन्दी अर्थ

शाल्मल आदि अधुर यहीं मारे गये हैं ।७-९६। पांचवाँ सोमक नामक परत है, जिस पर प्राचीन काल में देवों ने अमृत रखा था और गदड़ ने उसे अपनी माता के लिये हर लिया था। छठें पर्वत का नाम सुमना या ऋषभ है । यहीं वराह भगवान् ने हिण्ण्याक्ष को मारा था। सातवें पंत का नाम है वैश्राज। यह महा पर्वत दीप्तिमान् और स्फटिकमय है । अपनी प्रभा से ही भासमान होने के कारण इसका नाम वैश्नाज पड़ा ।१०-१२॥। बहाँ के देशों को भी हम यथाक्रम कहते हैं । प्रथम गोमेद पर्व॑त का प्रदेश शान्तमय कहा गया है।१३॥ चन्द्र का

English

Consequently Brahmana (works), Kalpa Sutras and Mantra-Pravacanas (different scriptural texts) came into existence. In Dvapara Age Brahmanas began to disregard the rules of conduct and stages of life. Formerly there was one Yajurveda; later it was bifurcated (into &ukla and ICrsna Yajurveda). This entire scriptural lore became confused by the general and perverted interpretations. By the discourses on (the interpretation of) the Yajurveda, it was greatly impaired. So also, by means of innumerable alterations and variations, the Atharvan, Rk and Saman have been confused in Dvapara by the people of different views.

हिन्दी अर्थ

चन्द्रस्य शिखरं नाम नारदस्य सुखोदयम् । आमरनदं दुन्दुसेवंर्ष सोमकस्य शिव स्मृतम् ॥

English

These diverse and different versions do not perish in spite of alterations in Dvapara Age. They continue to function but in Kaliyuga they perish. Effects of these contrarieties and errors take shape in Dvapara itself as calamities such as draughts, premature deaths, epidemics. Due to miseries born of verbal, mental and physical acts, despondency and indifference to worldly life sets in, as a result of which they begin to ponder over the ways of relief from misery. The pondering.leads to detachment; from detach¬ ment, defects (of the worldly life) are seen. As a result of seeing defects, there is the possibility of spiritual knowledge in Dvapara Age.

हिन्दी अर्थ

एतेषु देवगन्धर्वा: सिद्धाश्र सह चारणेः । विहरन्ति रमस्ते च दृश्यमानास्तु ते: सह १५ (अनुतप्ता सुतप्तेव निष्पापा भुदिता क़तुः । असृता सुकृता चेव सप्तेताः सरितां वराः) ३१७ अभिगच्छन्ति ता नद्यस्ताभ्यश्रान्याः सहस्नशः । बहृदकाभ्रौघवत्यो यतो वर्षति बासवः ११८ ताः पिबन्ति सदा हृष्टा नदीज॑नपदास्तु ते। शुभाः शान्तवहाश्चेव प्रमोदा ये च ते शिवा: ॥१€ आनन्दाश्र श्रुवाश्चेव क्षेमकाश्न शिव: सह । वर्णाभ्रमाचारयुक्ताः प्रजास्तेष्वथ सर्वशः

English

In Dvapara Age, rival (scriptures and sects) crop up against the scriptures which were honoured formerly in the first Svayambhuva Manvantara. There are variations and alterations in the science of Ayurveda, Jyotisa and the ancillaries of the Vedas; there are doubts and variations in regard to the texts on political economy and logic. There are diversities and variations in the Smrti texts. Separate systems and schools (of theology and philosophy) are established. In Dvapara Yuga difference of opinion starts among men. The life of all living beings in Dvapara Age be¬ comes arduous involving bodily strain. Livelihood is possible only by mental, verbal and physical strain.

हिन्दी अर्थ

न तत्रास्ति युगावस्था चतुर्युगक्ृता कवचित् । त्रेतायुगसमः काल: सर्वंदा तत्र बतंते २२ प्लक्षद्वोपादिषु शेयः पञ्चस्वेतेषु सबंशः । देशस्यानुविधानेन कालस्यानुविधाः स्मृताः २३ पत्च॒ वर्षसहल्लाणि तेषु जीवन्ति मानवाः । सुरूपाश्च सुवेधाभ्वय अरोगा बलिनस्तथा

English

Covetousness, lack of fortitude, mercantile activi¬ ties, wars, indecision in regard to philosophical principles, handling and editing of the Vedic texts, inter-mixture of holy rites, diseases, - sickness, greed, slaughter, breakdown in the system and rules of castes and stages of life, and susceptibility to passion and hatred —all these are rampant in Dvapara Age. The traits of Dvapara are evident in the Sandliya period but a little. They become deficient in quality. In the quarter of the Sandhya period, a part of it persists. Now listen and understand the traits of Kaliyuga 1. At the close of transitional period of Dvapara, Kaliyuga begins. These are the characteristics of Kaliyuga: violence, jealousy, falsehood, deception and slaughter of ascetics. These are the characteristics of Kali Age which people inherit.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सुखमायुबलं रूपमारोग्यं धर्म एवं च। प्लक्षद्वीपादिषु ज्ञेयं शाकद्वीपान्तकेषु च शिखर, नारद का सुखोदय, दुन्दुभि का आनन्द, सोम का शिव, ऋषभ का क्षेमक और वंशञ्राज का प्रदेग प्र्व कहा गया ।१४। इन स्थानों में देव गन्धव सिद्ध और चारणगण रमण करते हुए और विहरते हुए देखे जाते हैं। इन सातों देशों में समुद्रगामिनी सात नदियाँ हैं। इन महानदियों को सप्त गंगा कहते हैं

English

Affected by the traits of the Age, entire Dharma de¬ teriorates. It is doubtful whether the livelihood (of the people) can be achieved even by putting up mental strain, physical exertion or prayers. In Kali Age, there are fatal diseases. There is perpetual fear of hunger. There is terrible danger of drought. Vision is blurred and rendered perverse. In Kaliyuga, people do not accept the authority of Smrtis. Some die in the womb, others die in youth. Some die in old age and some in childhood, in Kali Yuga. In Kali age people are unrighteous, unmindful of the rules of conduct, fierce in anger but deficient in power and splendour. They always utter falsehood.

हिन्दी अर्थ

इनके नाम हैं--अनुतप्ता, सुतप्ता, निष्पापा, मुदिता, ऋतु, अमृता और सुकृता । ये सातों द्वीप सब नदियों में श्रेष्ठ हैं। इनमें हजारों नदियाँ निकल कर बहती रहती हैं। ये नदियाँ विपुल जलवाली और वेगवती हैं इसलिये कि देवराज यहीं अधिक वृष्टि किया करते हैं। वहाँ के निवासी उन्हीं नदियों के जल को पीकर प्रसन्न रहते हैं ।(७-१८। शुभ, शान्तवहा, प्रमोदा, शिवा, आनन्दा, ध्रूवा और क्षेमका यथाक्रम से उन देशों

English

There is danger and fear to people owing to wrong performance of sacrifices, neglect of (Vedic) studies, evil con¬ duct, misleading religious scriptures and faults in the perform¬ ance of holy rites of Brahmanas. This gloomy picture of Kali Age is found in almost all Purajjas e.g. Mbh. Vana. chs. 188i 190, Br. P. chs. 229-230, Mt. 32-47, VP. VI. 1. There is much of agitation and turbulence at the advent of Kaliyuga. There is no regular study of the Vedas. The Braha- manas do not perform Yajnas. All men inclusive of Ksattriyas and Vaisyas gradually decay. Kings are mainly Sudras propagating heretic ideas. People never hesitate to kill a child in the womb. They behave in such a way.

हिन्दी अर्थ

की नदियाँ हैं । यहाँ की प्रजा वर्णाश्रम धर्म से युक्त, नीरोग, बलिष्ठ और आधिव्याधि से रहित हैं। उनके विचार न अत्युच्च हैं और न अति नीच। प्लक्ष आदि पाँच द्वीपों में सदा ज्रेता युग के समान काल व्यतीत होता है ।!६-२२। वहाँ सत्ययुग आदि चारों युग नहीं होते हैं। देशाचार और कालन-माहात्म्य से बहाँ के निवासी पाँच हजार व्ं जीवित रहते हैं। वहाँ वाले सुरूप, सुवेष, मीरोग और बली होते हैं। प्लक्ष आदि द्वीपों की ही भाँति शाक द्वीप में भी सुख, आयु, बल, रूप आदि सभी गुण-धर्म हैं ।२३-२५। श्रीसम्पन्न प्लक्ष

English

Longevity, intellect, strength, beauty and familyprestige decline. Sudras behave like Brahmanas and Brahmanas adopt the ways of Sudras. When the end of the Yuga approaches, thieves and robbers administer kingdoms like kings; kings adopt the methods of thieves and robbers. Servants are bereft of love, friendship and loyalty (to their masters). Women become unchaste and disinterested in holy rites. They become fond of wine and meat. When Kali Age sets in, they resort to deceptive means. In Kali Age beasts of prey become more numerous and owerful. Cattles die and dwindle. Saintly men withdraw and keep aloof.

हिन्दी अर्थ

धनुदिच्वान्तंगतग्रन्थः क. पुस्तके नास्ति ।

English

At that time excessively fruitful but very subtle Dharma becomes difficult of access. Since the conduct of life of those who enjoy, in the various stages of life, is loose and un¬ bridled, Dharma gets shaken. Then, when the end of the age approaches, even the great goddess like the earth will yield but little fruit. Sudras will begin to perform penance. But piety practised for one day (in Kali Yuga) is equal to that practised for a month in Dvapara and a year in Treta Age. The kings never protect the subjects. They appro¬ priate their shares in oblations. Towards the end of the Yuga, they become eager solely to protect themselves.

हिन्दी अर्थ

एकोनपञ्चाशत्तमोध्ध्याय: द ३४५ प्लक्षद्वीपस्य चबेह वेपुल्याविद्वस्तरेण तु । इत्येष संनिवेशों वः प्लक्षद्वीपस्थ कीतितः ॥

English

The kings do not belong to the Ksattriya clan. Vaisyas maintain themselves with the help of Sudras. The noble Brahmanas perform obeisance to Sudras at the end of Kali Age. In Kali Age there will be (wicked) persons in the guise of sages. When the Yuga is about to come to a close, the god of rains will shower in a mysteriously haphazard manner. In this base Yuga, people will have trading propensity, By false measures, the buyers will be deceived of their due share in the commodities. The whole society abounds in Heretics of foul conduct and activity with their false appearance. Men will be in a minority and women will be many, when the end of Kaliyuga is imminent.

हिन्दी अर्थ

आनुषुर्व्या समासेन शाल्मलं त॑ं निबोधत २६

English

No one helps in return for the help received. People will get emaciated and weak. They will indulge unhesitatingly in the activities causing downfall. That is the characteristic of the Yuga coming to a close. The earth will be devoid of good men. It will be deso¬ late. In countries and cities, there will be groups and cliques. The earth will be deficient in water and less fertile. Protectors (i.e. those who ought to protect) will not protect. They will not exercise control over the administration. People will take away others' gems and jewels. They will molest other men's wives. They will be passionate with a wicked heart. They will revel in violent sinful activities,

हिन्दी अर्थ

तत्रापि पता: सप्त विज्ञेया रत्नयोनयः । रत्नाकरास्था नचस्तेषु वर्षेषु सप्तसु (३१ चतुर्थ: पब॑तो द्रोणो यत्रोषध्यों महाबलाः। विशल्यकरणी चेव मृतसंजीवनी तथा

English

The men have unlikeable consciousness (?) They keep their hair untied and dishevelled. Towards theclose of the Yuga, men less than sixteen years will begin to procreate. When theclose of Yuga is imminent, Sudrasexhibiting their white teeth, with clean shaven heads and wearing ochre- coloured robes will perform sacred rites, proclaiming that they have conquered the sense-organs. 1 Probably a reference to Buddhist monks, as Buddhism prevailed all over India at the time of these Puranas. There will be thieves stealing foodcrops and garments. There will be looters robbing other robbers and abductors of murderers.

हिन्दी अर्थ

दीप, कीतिमानू, और धत धान्य से सभी प्रकार पूर्ण है । ब्राह्मणो ! प्लक्ष द्वीप दिव्यौषधि, और फलों से युक्त तथा सर्वषधि वनस्पतियों से पूर्ण है। हजारों ग्राम्य और जंगली पश्ु वहाँ पाये जाते हैं। जम्बू वक्ष की ही तरह उस देश के भी मध्य में प्लक्ष नामक एक महावक्ष है। उसी के नाम से वह प्लक्ष द्वीप कहलाता है ।२६-२७। उस देश के पूज्य देवता हैं स्थाणु । वह प्लक्ष द्वीप ईख-रस के स,गर से घिरा हुआ

English

When perfect knowledge and holy rites disappear in Abundance, welfare, good health and ability will be¬ come rare. Owls will begin to infest the countries afflicted by the fear of hunger. The maximum life expectation of the people afflicted by misery will be a hundred years. In Kali Yuga, the Vedas will be seen in some places and not seen in some places. Yajnas are forsaken when Dharma receives a setback. There will be many types of heretics like wearers of ochre-coloured robes (Buddhists), Jainas and Kapalikas (skull-bearing mendicants). There will be sellers of the Vedas and of the sacred places. Heretics antagonistic to the discipline and arrangement of different castes and stages oflife will be born. When Kali Yuga sets in, the Vedas will not be studied. Sudras will be experts and authorities in the affairs of Dharma.

हिन्दी अर्थ

है। ब्राह्मणो ! आप लोगों के निकट हमने प्लक्ष द्वीप की विपुलता और देश विभाग को विस्तार के साथ कह दिया । अब शाल्मल द्वीप का वर्णन संक्षेत्र में सुनिये ।२८-२६। द्वीपों में उत्तम तीसरा शाल्मल द्वीप है। ईख रस के सागर को यह शाल्मल द्वीप घेरे हुए है। प्लक्ष द्वीप से यह दुगुना अधिक बड़ा है ।३०। यहाँ भी रत्नों को उत्पन्न करने वाले सात पव॑त हैं और उन सातों वर्ष-प्॑तों से रत्न को उत्पन्न करने वाली सात नदियाँ निकली हैं। पहला सूर्य की तरह तेजोमय कुमुद पर्वत है। इसके अनेक धातुमय शिबरों से अतेकानेक शिलामालायें उत्पन्न हुई हैं।३१-२३२। दूसरा फ्वेत उन्नत नाम से विख्यात है। इसके आकाश छुने वाले शिखर हूरिताल के हैं। तीसरे पर्वत का नाम वलाहक है। यह अपने अञ्जनतुल्य शिखरों से आकाश को छ रहा है ३३-३४। चौथे परत का नाम द्रोग है। इस पर विशल्यकरणी और मृत संजीवनी

English

Kings born of Sudra women will not perform Yajnas. The subjects will murder women and slaughter cows. Coming to mutual clash, they will kill one another. And in this way, people will try to accomplish (their object). This is the condition in Kali Age. Now under¬ stand the condition in the part of the junction ( Sandhyariifa) from me. In every Yuga the achievements ( Siddkis ) shrink and dwindle by three-fourths. In accordance with the nature of the Yuga, the Sandhyas stay by a quarter. In accordance with the nature of the Sandhyas they are established in their parts by a quarter. Thus when the period of junction ( Sandhyaihia ) approaches at the close of the (Kali)Yuga, a king, the chastiser of the wicked people, will be bom after the death (fall) of Bhrgus. He (will be) Candramas by Golra (of the Lunar race). lie will be called Pramiti. He was born of a part of Visnu formerly in the Svayarhbliuva Manvantara. He was surrounded by hundreds and thousands of Brahmanas armed with weapons. He killed Mlecchas in thousands.

हिन्दी अर्थ

हैप० द वायुपूराणम्

English

He went everywhere. After killing the kings born of Siidra women, he exterminated the heretics. He killed thousands of persons who were not religious and righteous. He killed those born of mixed castes as well as those who depended on them. He killed the Udicyas (northerners), Madhya Deiyas (people of the Middle Land), mountain-dwellers, easterners, westerners, dwellers in Vindhya and Aparanta. He killed the southerners, Dravidas, Simhalas, Gandharas, Paradas, Pahlavas, Yavanas, Tusaras, Barbaras, Cxnas, Sulikas, Daradas, Khasas, Lampakas, Ketas, and the different tribes of Kiratas. Setting his wheel (of religious victory) inmotion, the powerful lord, the destroyer of Mlecchas, roamed over the earth. He could not be thwarted by any living being.

हिन्दी अर्थ

बष्ठस्तु पर्वतस्तत्र महिषो सेघसबन्निभ: । यस्मिन्सो5ग्निनिवसति सहिषो नास वारिजः सप्तमः पबंतस्तत्र ककुझन्नाम भाष्यते । तत्र रत्नान्यनेकानि स्वयं वर्षति वासवः ॥॥

English

He was born of a part of Lord Visnu. This valorous hero was known as Pramiti by people knowing what happened in the previous birth. When he thus passed away along with his ministers and faithful soldiers, after exterminating all the kings and Mle- cchas in thousands, when the period of the part of Sandhya arrived at the end of the Yuga, and when only a few of the people remained scattered here and there, the unchecked people became active in the world in groups. They harassed one another and sought help of one another. When anarchy prevailed as a result of the Yuga (com¬ ing to a close), and when there was doubt and suspense every¬ where among the subjects, they became frightened of one an¬

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्रजापतिमुपादाय प्राजापत्ये विधिः स्वयम्

English

They wear bark garments and deer skins. They have no wives or sons. They fall off from the system of castes and stages of life. They resort to a terrible promiscuous intermixture of castes. They reach the limit of misery. Only a few of them survive. They arc oppressed by old age, sickness and hunger. Due to misery they become indifferent to worldly existence. Due to this despondency and indifference, they begin to ponder. By pondering over they attain the state of equani¬ mity. In the state of equanimity they are enlightened. Due to enlightenment they become pious. When those subjects surviving at the end of Kali Age are thus enlightened, in a single day and night the Yuga is

हिन्दी अर्थ

इत्येष संनिवेशों वः शाल्मलस्थापि कोतितः। प्लक्षवुक्षेण संख्यातस्तस्य मध्ये महाद्रुमः ॥४४ड आदि बलदायिनी ओऔषधियाँ हैं। पाँचवें पर्वत का नाम कंक है। यह दिव्य फल-पुंष्ष वाले व॒क्षों और लताओं से घिरा हुआ है ।३५-३६। छठा मेघ की तरह महिष नाम का पव॑त है। इस पर जेल से उत्पन्न महिष नामक अग्नि निवास करते हैं। सातवें ककुझान नामक रत्नमय पर्वत पर वासव उस समय स्वयं वर्षा करते हैं जब कि प्रजापति पहले पहल प्रजा उत्पन्न करना चाहते हैं ।३७-३५। शाल्मल द्वीप में ये ही

English

After making their minds enchanted Krtayuga sets in due to the power of the inevitable destiny. When Krtayuga begins to function again, the few subjects surviving from Kaliyuga become the subjects of Krtayuga. Those Siddhas who stay move about and are seen clearly. The Seven Sages are also ever present there.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सात मणिभूषित पव॑त हैं यहाँ के सातों शुभ देशों को भी अब बता रहे हैं। कुमुद का देश श्वेत, उन्नत का लोहित ।३६। वलाहक का जीमूत; द्रोण को हरित, कंक का वैद्यत,। महिष का सानस ओर ककुद का सुप्रभ देश है। ये सातों सात भागों में विभक्त हैं। इतने ही देश और परत हैं, अब नदियों" का नाम सुनिये । पानीतोया, वितृष्णा, चन्द्रा, शुक्रा, विमोचनी और निवृत्ति, ये ही सात नदियाँ उन देशों की हैं

English

Brahmanas, Ksattriyas, Vaisyas and Sudras who are to serve as seeds for future generation become non-differen- tiated from those who are born of Kali. The Seven Sages instruct them and the others too in the two types ofDharma prescribed by Srutis and Smrtis as well as in the conduct pertaining to the castes and stages of life. Then in Krta Yuga, people (subjects) perform the sacred rites. To the subjects of the Krta Age Dharma based on Srutis and Smrtis is laid down by the Seven Sages. For establishment of Dharma among the subjects, the Sages remain in authority over the whole of Manvantara and stay on (live) to the end of the Yuga.

हिन्दी अर्थ

श्रद्धेय ब्राहणो ! उन नदियों के समीप में बहनेवाली और भी सैकड़ों नदियाँ हैं। उनकी गणना नहीं की जा सकती हैं । इस प्रकार शाल्मल द्वीप की स्थिति के विषय में आप लोगों को कह दिया + प्लक्ष वक्ष की ही तरह यहाँ भी बीच में सेमल (शाल्मलि) का एक वक्ष है, जिसका तता खूब-मोटा है। इसीके नाम से यह देश शाल्मल द्वीप कहलाता है। यह द्वीप सुरासागर से चारों ओर घिरा हुआ है और विस्तार में भी चारों ओर से शाल्मलि के ही अनुरूप है ।४३०-४५॥ धर्मज्ञ ब्राह्मणों ! इससे उत्तर द्वीप में प्रजागण जिस

English

Just as new shoots grow from the roots of grasses that are burnt during the summer in the forest-fire, so also the new Yuga grows out of the old Yuga. Till the end of the Man¬ vantara this series goes bn without break. In the parts of junctions of Yugas (Sandhyamsas) the Siddhis of Dharma become almost extinct. Thus, O Brahmanas, the Pratisandki (the period of transition between Yugas) has been narrated to you. By means of this alone should all the sets of four Yugas be known. When the set of four Yugas repeats a thousand times, it is the day of god Brahma. His night is also of the same duration. In it, there is simplicity and inactiveness of the Bhutas (elements).

हिन्दी अर्थ

एकोनपञ्चाशत्तमोष्ष्याय: ३५१

English

This alone is the trait of all Yugas. Seventy-one cycles of the sets of four Yugas occurring successively constitute a Manvantara. In a single set of four Yugas everything happens in the manner you have heard now. In the other sets of four Yugas also the same thing happens in the same order. The differences that occur in the various creations are confined to twentyfive, neither more nor less. So also the Kalpas and the Yugas are similar in characteristics. This alone is the characteristic sign of all the Manvantaras.

हिन्दी अर्थ

उत्तरेषु तु धर्मज्ञा द्वीपेषु शुणुत प्रजा: ययाश्रुतं यथान्यायं ब्रुवतो से निबोधत तेषामन्तरविष्कस्भों द्विगुण: परिवारितः । उद्धिदं प्रथम वर्ष द्वितीयं वेणुमण्डलम् करशर तृतीय॑ स्व॒रथाकारं चतुर्थ लवणं स्पृतम् । पश्चमं धृतिमद्र्ष षष्ठ वर्ष प्रभाकरम् ॥

English

So also the transitions of the Yugas occur naturally. They are eternal as well. But the living beings that undergo modifications in the form of dissolution and re-creation cannot be permanent. The Lord arranges for the creation and the division of castes and stages in the different Yugas in accordance with the nature of those Yugas for the purposes of fulfilling the functions, in the respective Yugas. The topic has been narrated in brief. Now listen to and understand the creation of the world. I shall explain the situation in different Yugas in details and in proper order.