Adhyaya 57

हिन्दी अर्थ

बोले--भारतवर्ष के दक्षिण दस हजार योजन का एक महासागर है जिसमें तीन हजार बोजन विस्ती्ण तीन भागों में विभक्त एक द्वीप है जो नाना भाँति के फल पुष्पों से समृद्ध है ।१-२। वहाँ विद्युत्वान् नामक एक महाशेल कुल पर्वत है, जिसके अनेक शिखरों से वह द्वीप सुशोभित है, वहाँ हजारों नदियाँ हैं, जिनका जल निर्मल और उुस्वादु है। उस द्वीप की बापियों का जल भी निर्मल है !३-४॥ उस पर्वत के

English

We wish to know the nature and reality of the (sets of) four \ ugas which occurred formerly in the Svayambhuva Man- vantara. Although this Purana accepted the Vedic tradition and regarded a Yuga period as consisting of five years (vide supra ch. 50 , fn. 3), here it follows Manu I 61-74, 79-86. According to Manu, the 1st Yuga, K r ta, has a duranonof 4000years ofDevas with 400 divine years of the dawn {Sandhyi) of the A g e and 400 d, vin e years of transition from K r ta to the next Age {SandhyamSa). The o.hc Y viz.Treta, Dvapara ahd Kali consist respecti- In the context of the description of the earth etc. I have already said about the four Yugas. Now I shall recount them in detail. (Listen and) understand them.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अनेकों विस्तीर्ण

English

Calculating everything and mentioning in detail, I shall narrate in full the six aspects viz.: Yuga, Yugabheda (differ¬ ence in Yugas), Yugadharma (the particular characteristics of each Yuga), Yugasandhi (thejunction of Yugas), YugamSa (the parts of Yugas) and Yugasandhana (the joints of Yugas). The human year can be understood (calculated) by means of valid working knowledge. Calculating on the basis of that year, I shall explain the four Yugas. The time taken to utter a short syllable is equal to a Nimesa. Nimesa, Kastha, Kala and Muhurta are the units of time. 1

हिन्दी अर्थ

और चौड़े दर्रों में विभिन्न वर्ण और आक्रृति के अनेकों प्रसन्न हृदय स्‍्त्री-पुरुष रहा करते हैं । उस पव॑त के बीच तलदेश में उनके संकड़ों-हजारों पुर हैं, जो परस्पर एक में एक मिले और एक ही द्वार वाले हैं ।५-७। वहाँ वाले बड़ी-बड़ी दाढ़ी और मूछ रखते हैं तथा मेघ के समान नीलवर्ण के होते हैं। और सभी अस्सी वर्ष की आयु वाले होते हैं। वानरों की तरह फल-मूल खाकर जीवन यापन करते हैं ओर पशुओं की तरह शौच आदि आचार-विचार से विहीत हैं. ।८-६। इस भ्रकार के असम्य मनुष्यों से वह द्वीप

English

Fifteen Nimesas constitute a Kastha, thirty Kasthas make one ICala, thirty Kalas make one Muhurta. Thirty Muhur- tas make one full day and night. The sun demarcates the human as well as the divine days and nights. The day is intended for activity and the night is meant for sleep. A (human) month constitutes the day and night of the Pitrs. Its division is thus: The dark half is the day for them and the bright half is their night for sleep.

हिन्दी अर्थ

जम्बद्दी पप्रदेशास्तु षडन्ये विविधाश्रया: । अन्न हीपाः समाख्याता नानारत्नाकराः क्षितो

English

Thirty human months make one month of the Pitrs. On Verses 6-20 give the units of Time, the smallest unit being Nimesa, the time required to utter one mdtrd (a short vowel). The following are the terms to denote the particular periods. A hundred human years constitute three years and four months of Pitrs.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अद्भाद्वीपं निबोध त्वं नानासंघसमाकुलम् नानम्लेच्छगणाकीर्ण तद्द्वीपं बहुविस्तरम् ३१५ हेमविदुमपुर्णानां रत्नानामाकरं क्षितो । नदीशलवनेश्चित्रं संनिभं लवणास्भसा १६ स मध्ये नागदेशस्य नेकदेशों सहागिरि: । कोटिभ्यां नागनिलयं प्राप्तो तदनदोपतिम्

English

A human year in accordance with the human calcu¬ lation is one day and one night of the Devas. This is the conclu¬ sion in this scripture. The divine day and night together make a human year. A further classification is that the Uttarayana period (northern transit of the sun) is the day and the Daksinayana period (southern transit of the sun) is the night (of Devas), Thirty of the days and nights of the gods or thirty human years make one divine month.

हिन्दी अर्थ

यमद्वीपसिति प्रोक्‍्तं नानारत्नाकराचितम् । ( + तत्रापि झुतिमान्नास पव॑तों धातुमण्डितः ॥

English

One hundred human years make three divine months and three divine days. Thus is the divine reckoning for division of time. Three hundred and sixty years according to the human calculation constitute one divine year. Three thousand and thirty years according to human calculation constitute one year of the Seven Sages (Saptarsis) or the Great Bear. Nine thousand and ninety human years make one Krauncanyear (Dhruva year in Bd. P.I. 2.29,18).

हिन्दी अर्थ

समुद्रगानां (णां) प्रभवः प्रभवः काचनस्य तु परिपूर्ण है । इसी प्रकार इन अन्तर द्वीपों के विषय में यथा क्रम वर्णन किया गया है। ये बोस, तीस, पचास, साठ अस्सी, सौ और हजार योजन लम्बे चौड़े अन्तर द्वीप हैं। वहाँ भाँति-भाँति के प्राणी निवास करते हैं। जम्बू द्वीप में विविध वस्तुओं को धारण करने वाले और भी छः ढीप, वहिण द्वीप-पुज्ज तथा हजारों क्षुद्र द्वीप भी हैं ।१०-१२। यहाँ के द्वीप पृथ्वोतल में विविध रत्नों को धारण करने के कारण विख्यात हैं। कुछ द्वीपों के

English

Persons well versed in calculation say that three hund¬ red and sixty thousand years reckoned on the basis of human time units constitute a thousand divine years, It is thus that the sages sang about the divine calcula¬ tion. They have formulated reckoning of the Yugas and their duration on the basis of the divine calculation. Wise people know that there are four Yugas in Bharata Varsa. 1 The first one is Kfta, then follow Treta, Dvapara and Kali. One should reckon these Yugas in this order.

हिन्दी अर्थ

नाम हैं-अंग, यम, मलय, शद्भू, कुश और वराह ।१४३-१४। अज़ुद्भीप नाना प्राणी-संघ से व्याप्त, विभिन्न स्लेच्छों से युक्त और अत्यन्त विस्तृत है। वहाँ पृथ्वीतल में सुबर्ण विद्रुम आदि रत्नों की खाने हैं । वह नदी, वनों से सुशोभित एवं लवण सागर की तरह है। जिसकी गुफा में नाना प्रकार के जीव निवास करते हैं । १५-१७। नाग देश के मध्य में वह महागिरि अनेक प्रदेशों में फैला है। उसके कटि देश में अनेकों पंत

English

They say that Kpta Yuga consists of four thousand years. The Sandhya (Transition period) consists of as many (i.e. It is strange that the yuga-system should be restricted to India only. In the other Yugas, their Sandhyas and SandhyamSas there is gradual reduction of thousand and hundred years. Treta contains three hundred years. Its Sandhya and Sandhyamsa consist of three hundred years.

हिन्दी अर्थ

हैं जो समुद्र तक फैले हुए हैं। घमद्वीप के नाम से जो द्वीप कहा गया है, वह भी नाना रत्नों की खानों से पूर्ण है, वहाँ धातुओं से मण्डित द्युतिमान् नाम का एक पव॑त है। इसी पंत से वहाँ को नद-नदियाँ निकलती हैं और सूवर्ण भी इसी से उत्पन्न होता है। १८-१६। इसी प्रकार मलय द्वीप भी हैं। वहाँ मणि, रत्न और इदमर्ध॑ नास्ति ख. पुस्तके । + धनुध्चिल्वान्तमंतग्रन्थो ड. एुस्तके नास्ति ।

English

The wise say that Dvapara contains two thousand years. The Sandhya consists of two hundred years and the San- dhyamSa is equal to Sandhya. The learned say that Kaliyuga consists of a thousand years. Its Sandhya is of a hundred years and the SandhyathSa is equal to Sandhya. This period of twelve thousand (divine) years is known as (Maha) Yuga. The four Yugas are Kfta, Treta, Dvapara and Kali.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तथेव मलयद्वीपमेबमेव सुसंवृुतम् ।) सणिरत्नाकरं स्फीतमाकरं कनकस्य च २० आकर चन्दनानां च समुद्राणां तथा5:करम् नानास्लेच्छगणाकीर्णं नदीपवबंतमण्डितम्

English

In this world the calculation of years is based on human level. Now I shall mention the duration of Kj-ta Yuga in accor¬ dance with that type of calculation. 1 The duration is one million four hundred and forty thousand years. As for Kali Yuga, it is one-fourth of the adove. Thus the specific duration of time of the four Yugas excluding the Sandhyas and Sandhyarhfas is declared. Including the Sandhyas and Sandhyariiias the duration of the four yugas is four million three hundred and twenty thousand human years.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तंत्र श्रीमांस्तु मलयः पर्वतो रजताकरः महामलय इत्येवं विख्यातो वरपवंतः द्वितीय मन्दरं वाम प्रथितं च सदा क्षितो । +नानापुष्पफलोपेतं रम्थं देवषिसेवितम् ॥। अगस्त्यभवन तत्र देवासुरनमस्कृतम्

English

Thus seventyone sets of Caturyugas consisting of Kfta, Treta etc., constitute a Manvantara. Now understand the unmber of human years consti¬ tuting a Manvantara. It will be thirty crores, six millions and seven hundred and twenty thousand human years (306720000 years). The number of years constituting a Manvantara has been cal¬ culated by Dvijas, the experts in calculating time. Thus the duration of a Manvantara and that of Yugas has been stated. The first (Krta) Yuga has four thousand years. The remaining Yugas, viz. Treta, Dvapara and Kali, I shall explain.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तथा काचनपादस्य मलयस्यापरस्य हि। निकुञ्जस्तृणसोमाजडु राश्रमं पुण्पसेवितम्

English

Previously, while engrossed in describing the lineage of the sages, the two Yugas have been mentioned to you as they had come in due order. It is not possible to describe separately the two connected Topics coming in the same context simul¬ taneously. The Seven Sages expatiated on the Vedic sacred rites such as Marriage, Agnihotra and the like on the basis of Rk, Yajur and Saman. The Svayambhuva Manu expatiated on the conduct of life based on Smrti injunctions, traditionally handed down and referring to the duties of the different castes and stages of life. The Seven Sages and Manu were endowed with truthfulness, celibacy, learning and penance. They had perform¬ ed penace in accordance with the order of sages. Hence in the beginning of Treta Yuga, the Mantras manifested themselves to them without their undergoing physical or mental effort. In the first Kalpa those Mantras along with Tar aka (Omkara) and others had already appeared before the Devas.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तथा त्रिकूटनिलये नानाधातुविभूषिते । अनेकयोजनोत्सेथे चित्रसानुदरीगृहे २६ तस्य कूटतटे रम्ये हेमप्राकारतोरणा । नियूं हव॒लभी चित्रा हम्यप्रासादमालिनोी सा कामरूपिणां स्थान राक्षसानां महात्मनाम् । आवासो बलवुृष्तानां तद्विद्याहेबविद्विषाम् ॥ सानुषाणामसंबाधा ह्मगम्था सा महापुरी द

English

When the (original) Siddhis'ceased to exist, these (others) began to function. Thousands of those Mantras which existed in the past Kalpas manifested themselves in their intellect once again. The Seven Sages popularised the Rk, Yajus, Saman and the Atharvan mantras and Manu propagated the rites in accord¬ ance with Smylis. In the beginning of Treta, the Vedas were one un¬ divided and unified whole, because Dharma alone prevailed. But they are classified in Dvapara age due to the shortage of life.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सुवर्ण की खानें हैं। चन्दन के वृक्ष भी अधिकाधिक होते हैँ और समुद्र भी वहाँ अनेकों हैं। उस द्वीप में विभिन्न प्रकार के म्लेच्छ रहते हैं और नदी-पर्वतों से वह ढ्वीप भरा हुआ है । वहाँ मलय नामक एक शोभार सम्पन्न पव॑त है, जिसमें चाँदी की खाने हैं महामलय नाम का भी एक विख्यात और श्रेष्ठ पर्वत है ।२०-२२॥। दूसरा मन्दर नाम का एक पव॑त है, जो इस पृथ्वी तल पर विख्यात है। यह रमणीय पर्वत अनेक फले-पुष्पों

English

In the Kali and Dvapara ages, divine sages and Devas Verses 39-85 describe the happy life in Tretayuga (cf. Mt. ). Following their righteous conduct, along with their lineage, they perform their respective duties in different Yugas. The'Vedic texts, with ancillaries, function* with uniform mean¬ ing in every age. Arambha (expedition or enterprise) was a sacrifice for Ksattriyas. Havis (offering of ghee etc.) was the Yajiia to Vaisyas. Sudras had service as Yajiia and excellent Brahmanas had Japa (chanting of Mantras) as their Yajiia.

हिन्दी अर्थ

से युक्त, है जहाँ देवाषि निवास करते हैं । यहाँ अगस्त्य ऋषि का भवन है, जिसकी वन्दना देवता और असुर दोनों ही किया करते हैं (१३॥ मलय की तरह वहाँ एक और कांचनपाद नाम का पवृत है, जहाँ महात्माओं के अनेक आश्रम हैं जो निकंज, तृण और सोमलता से बने हुए हैं।२४॥ वह पर्वत नानाविध फलपुष्पों से युक्त और स्वर्ग से भी बढा-चढ़ा है। वहाँ प्रत्येक पंत पर मानो स्वगं सदा उतरा करता है। इसके अनन्तर वहाँ नाना धातुओं से विभूषित त्रिकूट परत हैं, जिसके शिखर अनेक योजन ऊंचे हैं जिनमें गृह तुल्य भनेक विचित्र कन्दराएँ हैं । इस त्रिकूट के रमणीय शिखर पर सुबर्णमय परकोटे, तोरणों में से सजाये गए द्वारों, वलभियों, कोठों और अटारियों से सुशोभित सौ योजन लम्बी तथा तीस योजन चौड़ी लंका नामक महापुरी है ।२५-२८। यह पुरी धन धान्य से समृद्ध और प्रसन्न नर नारियों से स्वयं हंसती सी जान

English

All the castes rejoiced in Treta age. They were protected righteously. They performed holy rites. They were happy and flourishing. They were blessed with progeny. Ksattriyas obeyed the (advice etc. of) Brahmanas, Vaisyas obeyed Ksattriyas, Sudras followed Vaisyas. People cooperated and collaborated with one another. Their activities were auspicious. Their holy rites and duties of castes and stages of life too were auspicious, in thought, mind, words and actions. Thus in Treta age their activities remained unimpaired.

हिन्दी अर्थ

पड़ती है। यह लंका इच्छानुरूप स्वरूप धारण करने वाले देवशत्रु बलशाली महात्मा राक्षसों का निवास स्थान

English

In Tretayuga, people were equally endowed with the same span of life, good intellect, strength, beauty, health and righteousness. Brahma had stipulated the duties of the different castes and different stages of life. But out of delusion the sub¬ jects strayed away from sacred rites. They argued and quarrelled with one another. They approached Prajapati Manu. Manu, the son of Brahma, realized the state of affairs. He, the creator, the Man, begot ofSatarupa two sons Priyavrata and Uttana- pada. These two were the first kings. Thence arose a line of kings wielding the staff of power of punishment. Since they delighted the subjects, kings were called "Rajana/t ". In order to check and control those men who com¬ mit sins in secret and (hence) are difficult to be subdued, and in order to establish righteousness on the earth, the divisions of

हिन्दी अर्थ

+- इदमर्ध नास्ति क. ख. ग. पुस्तकेषु । तस्य द्वीपस्य बे पूर्वे तोरे नदनदीपते: गोकणंनामधेयस्य शंकरस्याउब्लयं महत् ३० तथकराज्यं विज्ञेपं शहुखद्वीपसमास्थितम । शतयोजनबिस्तीर्ण नानाम्लेच्छुगणालयम् १३१ तत्र शइ्खगिरिरनाम धोतशडखदलप्रभः । नानारत्नाकरः पुण्यः पुण्यकद्ूू निष वितः 0३२

English

(The institution of) Yajna has been initiated by Devas, namely Yamas, Suklas and Japas all fully equipped with the requisites. Formerly, in the Svayambhuva Manvantara, Yajnas were set in vogue by Devas under the leadership of Indra, the enjoyer of the universe. Truthfulness, Japa, penance and charity are the main virtues in Treta age. The practice of holy rites and rituals declines and the virtue of truthfulness prevails.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तथेव कुसुदद्वीपं नानापुष्पोषशोभितम् । नानाग्रामसमाकीर्ण नानारत्नाकरं शिवम् ३४ कुमुदा नाम महाभागा दुष्टवित्तनिबहेणी । सहादेवस्य भगिनी प्रभाभिस्ताभिरिज्यते

English

Renouncing their staff (of punishment due to its super¬ fluity?) those excessively fortunate kings became performers of sacrifice and expounders of the Vedas. Their eyes were as large as lotus petals. Their chests were broad, and their bodies were well-built. They were vigorous and capable of slaying lions. They walked majestically like the elephants in rut. They wielded great bows. They were endowed with all good characteristics. They were Nyagrodha-parimatidalas (as ex- plained in the next verse). The following seven', viz. a discus, a chariot, a jewel, a spouse, a treasure, a horse and an elephant, are regarded as super-gems (ati-ratna ).

हिन्दी अर्थ

तथा वराहद्वीपे व नानाम्लेच्छगणाकुले । नानाजातिसमाकीणें नानाधिष्ठानपत्तने धनधान्ययुते स्फीते धर्मिष्ठजनसंकुले । नदीशेलवनश्रिन्रबंह॒पुष्पफलोपमै: .

English

The seven jewels (of an emperor) possessing life are mentioned as follows: queen, family-priest, commander- in-chief, chariot-maker, minister, horse and elephant (lit. elephant-cub). These fourteen jewels arc divine. They have been naturally acquired by the noblc-souled ones. These fourteen jewels should be assigned to all emperors (i.e. all emperors should possess these). In all the Manvantaras of the past and future, the emperors are born on the earth with a part of Visnu. 1

हिन्दी अर्थ

वाराहरूपिणे तत्र विष्णवे प्रभविष्णवे । अनन्यदेवतास्तस्मे नमस्कुबन्ति वे प्रजाः ॥४ ०

English

The precious gems are conducive to the welfare of all emperors of the past, present and future born in the Yugas Treta etc. These four are very wonderful, viz. strength, piety, happiness and wealth (among the emperors). Wealth, dharma, love, fame and victory attained by kings without any conflict are on a par with one another. They excel even the sages by means of (spiritual powers such as) Anima (minuteness) and others the power of Lordship, learning and penance. They overpower Devas, Danavas and human beings by their strength and austere They are born with super-human marks visible on their bodies. They have a circle of hair on their forehead (between the eyebrows); their tongue sweeps their mouths. Their teeth and lips are copper-coloured; their hair stand facing up; and they have the Srlvatsa scar (on the chest).

हिन्दी अर्थ

है। यहाँ कोई राक्षसों को बाधा नहीं पहुंचा सकता । मनुष्य लोग इस महापुरी में किसी भी प्रकार नहीं जा सकते हैं। उस द्वीप के पूर्वी समुद्रतट पर मोकर्ण महादेव का विशाल मन्दिर है ।३९-३०। इसके बाद शट्डद्नीप में सौ योजन विस्तीर्ण एक विशाल राज्य है जहाँ बहुतेरे म्लेच्छों का निवास स्थान है। वहाँ निर्मल धले गद्ध॒ की तरह उज्ज्वल एक दाद्भमिरिनामक पविन्न पर्वत है। उस पर विविध रत्नों की खानें हैं. जिस पर पुण्यश,ली जन निवास करते हैं।३१-३२। उसी पर्वत से शद्भूनागा नाम की एक पवित्र नदी निकली है जहाँ शद्भमुख नामक नागराज निवास करते हैं। कुमुदद्वीप में तरह-तरह के फूल खिले रहते हैं। अनेका- नेक ग्राम और रघध्नों की अनेकों खानें हैं। वहाँ महादेव की महाभागा कुमुदा नाम की भगिनी हैं जो अपनी ज्योति के कारण स्बंपूजित हैं। जिनके दर्शन से चित्त-दोष दूर हो जाते हैं ।३३-३५।॥ वराह द्वीप में नाना

English

Their arms extend to their knees; their palms are marked with net and bull; they are very tall ( Nyagrodha-parina - has ); they have shoulders like those of lions; their penises are well shaped. Their gait is as stately as that of a lordly ele¬ phant. Their chin bones are broad. There are lines of wheel and fish on the soles of their Verses 72-80 state the then idea about a model emperor.

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्रकार के म्लेच्छ लोग और कितनी ही जाति के लोग शहर-गाँवों में घर बनाकर बसे हुए हैं। वह द्वीप धन-धास्पों से समृद्ध और धामिक जनों से व्याप्त है । वहाँ नदी पवृत-वनों में रमणीय और फल पुष्पों से युक्त मनोहर शिला वाला एक वाराह नाम का पव॑ंत है, जिसमें अनेक कन्दरा, दरी, गृहा और झरने हैं

English

They have unimpeded movement in four places, viz. in the firmament, in the ocean, in the nether regions and on the mountains. Sacrifice, charity, penance and truthfulness are the holy rites in Treta Age. During this age, Dharma func¬ tions in accordance with the division of castes and stages of life. Only a single unified Veda with four sub-divisions pre¬ vails in Treta Age. People live upto three thousand years. Surrounded by sons and grandsons, people die in due order (of seniority in age). This is the characteristic feature of Treta Age. (Now) understand the Treta-Sandkyd (Transition from Treta Yuga'j.

हिन्दी अर्थ

उससे निर्मल जल वाली वा ही नाम की पवित्र तीर्थ तथा तरज़्जुंधारण करने वाली नदी निकली है। वाराह रूपधारी विष्ण को ही वहाँ की प्रजा नमस्कार करती है और किसी भी देव को नहीं इस प्रकार मैंने चारों दिशाओं में वबतंमान छः अनुद्वीपों का वर्णन किया। भारतद्वीप दक्षिण दिशा में अति

English

The traits of Treta Age continue to one-fourth of the Sandhya and the traits in the Sandhya continue to one-fourth of the Yuga. How did Yajna function in the beginning of Treta age formerly in the Svayambhuva Manvantara? Please explain it precisely. How did they again make the classification and arrangement of the castes and stages of life when the Sandhya too had elapsed along with Kjrta Age and a fraction of it alone remained, and Treta age set in? How was Yajfia made to func¬ tion, after gathering all the requisites.

हिन्दी अर्थ

३४६ - वायुपुराणम्

English

I shall mention how in the beginning of Treta Age Yajna was set in vogue. When there was plenty of rain, the plants grew and agriculture became established. People set about building houses, hermitages and cities. Then Indra the, Thus, Indra, the enjoyer of the universe, along with other Devas, initiated Tafia (the institution of sacrifice) together with all its requisites. When the horse-sacrifice was instituted, the sages arrived there and began to perform sacrifices with the holy sacrificial beasts. On hearing about it, people assembled there to witness it. When the Rtviks were busily engaged in sacrificial rites, when the Vedic mantras were recited, when the leading Adhvaiyus moved about hurriedly and quickly, when the holy sacrificial beasts were being killed, when the offerings of ghee were poured into the fire by the divine Hotfs, when the noble Devas were invoked and when they partook of their shares in the sacrifice, the sages began to worship Devas in the form of sense-organs (i.e. their presiding deities) who existed m the beginning of the Kalpas. The Adhvaryus who were great sages got ready at the time of praisa to slay the animals. On see¬ ing the animals in their pitiable condition, the great sages col¬ lectively asked Indra 1 —"What is this sacrificial rite of yours?

हिन्दी अर्थ

इति श्रीमहापुराणे वायुप्रोक्‍ते भुवनविन्यासो नामाष्टचत्वारिशोअध्याय: ॥ अथैकोनपञ्चाशत्तमोअध्यायः

English

Desirous of a rite involving violence to life you have If Your Honour wishes to perform the Yajlia do Verses 97-102 record the Brahmanical protest against arumahsacrificc. A germinable seed is also prohibited as it involves Himsa. Only old seeds incapable of germinating into sprouts should be used.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तेना55वृतः समुद्रोई्यं हीपेन लवणोदकाः २ तत्र पुण्या जनपदाध्िराच्च प्रियते प्रजा । कुत एवं हि दुर्भिक्ष्यं जराव्याधिभयं कुतः ॥

English

In this way Indra, the enjoyer of the universe, was asked by the sages, the seers of Reality: 'Say with what objects, mobile (living) or immobile (inanimate), Yajna shall be performed?' The great sages eagerly seeking truth got tired of the dispute. Coming to a compromise with Indra they asked lord Vasu: "O excessively intelligent king, O son of Uttanapada, how was the procedure of Yajna seen by you? Please tell us. O lord, clear our doubts." On hearing their words, the king remembered the Vedic texts and, without pondering over the strong or weak points, he explained the facts about. Yajna. The king said: "The Yajna shall be performed as laid down in the sacred texts.

हिन्दी अर्थ

विस्तीर्ण द्वीप है। इस एक ही भारतवर्ष में कितने ही ढीप हैं, जो समुद्र से प्थक होकर कितने ही भागों में विभक्त हो गये हैं। इस प्रकार अन्तर द्वीप से सुशोभित चार महाद्वीप हैं। अनुद्वीपों के साथ जम्बू द्वीप का वर्णन मैंने पहले ही कर दिया हैं सृतजो बोले--ब्राह्मणो ! अब मैं अपने ज्ञान के अनुसार प्लक्ष द्वीप का उसी के अनुरूप रहस्यमय- वर्ण नकर कहा हूँ, आप लोग सुनें ।१। जम्बू द्वीप से प्लक्ष ढ्वीप का विस्तार दुगुंना है और उसकी अपेक्षा

English

It shall be performed with sacrificial animals or seeds and fruits. Violence is the nature of Yajfia. This is what appears to me. Inasmuch as the Mantras in the Samhitas, as re¬ vealed to the sages endowed with penance and the visions of Taraka and other mantras, are indicative of violence, what I O Brahmanas, if those statements in Mantras are authoritative, let the Yajna function on those lines, otherwise those statements will become false".

हिन्दी अर्थ

इसकी सौमा की लम्बाई तिगुनी अधिक है। लवण सागर को यह द्वीप चारों ओर से घेरे हुए है

English

Glancing at the world below they said-"For that purpose be quiet. Though a king, you have uttered a lie. So enter the nedier world". As soon as this was uttered, die king entered the nether world. Having been a resident of the No person, even if he be very learned, should express a decisive opinion all by himself, in regard to the disputed points of Dharma. The way of Dharma is very subtle. It has many loopholes and is inscrutable. Excepting Svayambhuva Manu, none of Devas and sages can pronounce a judgment on Dharma. So, violence was not approved as a means to Dharma by the great sages. 2 Thousands and crores of sages have attain¬ ed heaven by means of their activities.

हिन्दी अर्थ

यहाँ के निवासी अत्यन्त पवित्र और दीर्घायु होते हैं। न वहाँ दुर्भिक्ष होता है औौर न किसी को बुढ़ापा एकोनपञ्चाशत्तमोअध्याय: द क्‍ ३४७

English

Adroha (absence of ill-feeling), Alobha (absence of covetousness), Dama (self-control), Bhutadaya (kindness to living beings), Tapas (penance), Brahmacarya (celibacy), Satya (truthfulness), Anukrosa (compassion and tenderness), Ksama (forgiveness) and Dhrti (fortitude)—these are roots of Dharma but extremely difficult to achieve. Yajna consists of piety and Mantras; Tapas is of the nature of observance of fast; one attains Devas through Yajna and Vairagya (detachment) through penace. Brahmanhood is attained through Kannasannydsa (re¬ nunciation of the fruits of Karman). Assimilation (in the supreme Atman) is obtained through detachment. Kaivalya (complete identity with Brahman) is obtained through perfect knowledge. These are the five goals of life.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तत्रापि पव॑ताः शुञ्नाः सप्तेव सणिभुूषणा: । रत्नाकरास्तथा नच्मस्तासां नामानि वक्ष्यते ( व्म्यहम्) ४४

English

Thus, formerly, in the Svayambhuva Manvantara, a The fall of Vasu for supporting animal-sacrifice* shows that violence to life even for religious purpose was condemned at the time of the Puraa. The legend is found in Mbh.Santu 337. 13-16. Verses 114-118 establish the superiority of the path of knowledge (jfiana-marga) over karma-marga including sacrifices. Then, after witnessing that wonderful procedure (of Yajfia) through violence and disregarding the suggestions of Vasu, the sages returned to the place whence they had come.

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्लक्षेद्वीपे तु बक्ष्यात्रि सप्तद्वीपान्महा चलान् ॥ गोमोदको5त्र प्रथमः पबंतो मेघसंनिभः ॥ ख्यायते तस्य नाञ्रा वे वर्ष गोमेदक तु तत् कर ३६

English

When the sages had gone away, Devas completed the Yajna and attained the fruits. It is heard that many Brah- mana-Ksatriya kings had attained Siddhis through penance. These include Priyavrata, Uttanapada, Dhruva, Medhatithi, Vasu, Sumedhas, Virajas, Sankhapat, Rajas, Praclnabarhis, Parjanya, Havirdhana and other kings. These and many other kings attained Siddhis and went to heaven. They were saintly kings of great prowess whose fame was well-established. Hence by all means, in regard to everything, penance surpasses Yajiia. It was by penance that the universe was created by Brahma. So, Yajna can never excel penance. All this (visible universe) has its roots in penance. In this manner Yajna was set in vogue in the Svayambhuva Manvantara. From that time on¬ wards the performance of Yajnas continued as Yugas rolled on.