Adhyaya 74

हिन्दी अर्थ

बीच रोद्र मुहु्तं और काल-समूह के बीच निमेषात्मक काल ही आदि है। यह कालज्ञ पण्डितों का मत है। श्रवणा से लेकर श्रवणा तक पाँच वर्षों का एक युग होता है, जो सूर्य के गति विशेष से चक्‍के की तरह घूमता रहता है । इसी कारण सूयं ही काल कहे गये हैं। इन्हीं को ईइ्वर समझना चाहिए। ये ही चारों प्रहार के चराचरों के प्रवर्तक और निवतंक हैं ।!१५-११७। लौकिक व्यवहार को सुश्ृंखलित करने के लिये ईश्वर ने इस

English

It is cited (in scriptures that) a leaf of the Palasa tree (Buteafrondosa ) is conducive to Brahmanic splendour. 1 That kingdom is conceived (as the fruit, if leaves of) the ASvattha tree (are used): The lordship of all living beings is mentioned (in using the leaves of) Plaksa (citron-leaved Indian fig tree) [i.e. the materials of oblations must be placed in cups made of these leaves or the wood as in the case of some of the following]. Those who are desirous of prosperity, wisdom, intellect and power of memory (shall use the leaves of) the banyan tree.* The vessel of the leaves of Kasmari (a large tree called Gambhari also) is conducive to fame and destructive of Raksasas. That which is offered in Madhuka (the tree Bassia lalifolia ) is considered excellent and conducive to good fortune. One who performs Sraddha in the vessel of Phalgu (a kind of fig tree) attains all desires. The performer attains supreme lustre, particularly all¬ round brilliance (if the sun-plant is used—Bd. P.). By using a Bilva vessel, riches, intellect and longevity are always attained. If Sraddiha is performed in Bamboo vessels, Paijanya (cloud or the lord of rain) always showers in his fields, parks, lakes and all crops. It is said (in Sastras that) those who make Sraddha Verses 1-6 enumerate the different trees, the leaves (i.e. cups of the leaves) of which (if used for giving oblations to Pitrs) confer different benefits. The Sraddha Sutra of Katyayana recommends the use of (cups of leaves of) sacrificial trees for Arghya. He who always offers fragrant garlands to Pitrs One who offers shining fragrant Dhupa (incense) to Pitrs begets children of his wife (beneficial to him) here and heieafter. Hence he shall always offer it to Pitrs He should offer scents, flowers, incense and ghee. After propitiating at the outset, Pitrs with fruits, roots and obeisance with purity of mind and body, the devotee should later worship Brahmanas with food and wealth. Always at the time of Sraddha, Pitamahas (manes) assume aerial forms and on seeing Brahmanas, they enter them. Hence I am saying this. 1

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्रकार ज्योतिश्चक्र का निर्माण किया है। हमने भी अर्थानुसंधान करके ज्योतिंद्चक्र का विवरण इस तरह बतला दिया । ये ज्योतिश्चक्र अन्त तक सभी दिशाओं में वृत्ताकार में विस्तीर्ण हैं, ये श्रवणा से उत्पन्न हुये हैं और ध्र व में संलग्न हैं। भगवान् ने कल्प के आदिकाल में बद्धिपूवेक इन सभी आश्रयवान् अभिमानियों का संस्थान किया है। यह ज्योतिश्चक्र विदवरूपात्मिका प्रकृति का एक अदुभुत विपरिणाम है ।११५-१२०। ज्योतिमंण्डल का ठीक-ठीक वर्णन कोई भी मनुष्य चर्मचक्षु से देखकर नहीं कर सकता है इसलिये बुद्धिमान् मनुष्य शास्त्र, अनुमान

English

Excellent Brahmanas should be honoured with garments, foodstuffs, charitable gifts, food and beverages, (gifts of) cows, horses and villages. If Brahmanas are honoured, Pitrs become delighted. Hence, one should honour excellent Brahmanas duly. In the holy rite of Sraddha, Brahmanas should perform diligently the ritualistic scraping, digging and sprink¬ ling of water (with Darbha) (Ullekhana and Proksana) by means of the left and the right hands. A learned man should keep ready for libation, Darbhas, balls of rice, foodstuffs, different kinds of flowers, scents, charitable gifts and ornaments. Hence Brahmanas are to be worshipped, fed and gifted at the time of Sraddha. The belief that Pitrs assume gascousform and enter the bodies of the invited Brahmins is found in AuSanasa Smfti V. 4-5. Gf. Manu III. 189. The excellent food-offering to Pitis should be made with reverse wearing of the sacred thread. After pronouncing (the names of Pitrs) the tliread must be offered to all of them in lieu of garments. The rites of Khanjlana, Posana and Ullekhana are to be performed only once in the case of Devas, and thrice in the case of Pitrs. Wearing a single Pavitra (a ringlike loop of Kusa grass worn round a finger) in the hand and reciting the Cailamantra, the balls of rice are touched once for each of the Pitrs. Then the benefit of showing (is attained) (?). Always the balls of rice must be offered on the ground along with ghee and gingelly seeds. The devotee performing Pitr-Sraddha, kneels on the ground with the left knee touching it. He invokes the fathers, grandfathers and great¬ grandfathers and all ancestry of yore and properly sprinkles all round the balls of rice, by means of the holy water (Pitrtirtha) carefully from the right to the left (in anticlockwise manner). Some men desire a separate Sraddha for maternal grandfathers by means of food, water, flowers and foodstuffs of various kinds. He should offer three Pinzas in the proper order (press¬ ing them) with the thumb. They are conducive to the en¬ hancement of nourishment. He should offer the Pindas (by means of both hands placed) between the knees.

हिन्दी अर्थ

इति श्रीमहापुराणे वायुप्रोक्‍्तेहनुषज्भपादे ज्योति:संनिवेशों नाम त्रिपच्चाशोष्ध्यायः ॥५३॥।

English

(In offering the Pinzas) the left hand should be placed over the right, repeating the Mantra 1 c Namo vah pitarah Suksmaih 1 2 (?) always carefully in this manner. The Text dharme mantre ca paryayaht is obscure and the sentence remains incomplete. Bd. 3.11.62 reads dhdrdrtham mantram uccaran 'should repeat the mantra (as follows for the sake of pouring water in the form of a thin current)*. A reads Susmai and not Suksmaih. He should offer a fresh thread of silk or jute or a cotton thread. Woven silk such as coloured cloth and Kauseya should be avoided when offering thread to Pitrs. In the sacrifice, the thread taken even from a freshly woven cloth shall be avoided. These do not please Pitrs. Those who give cannot flourish (?). The collyrium obtained from the Trikuta mountain, they say, is always excellent. So also is the oil extracted from black gingclly seeds. Sandal, Agaru (fragrant aloe wood), Tamala, Usira (fragrant root of the plant Andropogon Muricatus ), lotus, fragrant incense, gum resin and (white) Turuska—all these are excellent articles (for use in Sraddha). White flowers are the most excellent. So also the red and blue lotuses. All other flowers can be used if they are frag¬ rant. The flowers China Rose, Bhantfira, Upakama and Kur- andaka should, always be avoided in the Sraddha rite. Odourless flowers and flowers of obnoxious odour should be avoided at that time by one who seeks prosperity. The Brahmanas invited on that occasion should inva¬ riably face the north while sitting. The performer of the Sraddha should duly face the south. He should face them and offer the Darbhas and the

हिन्दी अर्थ

कस्मिन्देशे महापुण्यमेतदाख्यानसुत्तमम् । वृत्तुं बरह्मपुरोगाणां कस्मिन्काले महाय्ुते ॥ और प्रत्यक्ष एवं उपपत्ति (युक्ति) द्वारा निपुणतापूर्वक परीक्षा कर इनमें भक्ति और श्रद्धा करे। बद्धिमान् विप्रो ! ज्योति-स्तत्त्व के निर्णय में चक्षु, शास्त्र, जल, लिखित ग्रन्थादि और गणित ये ही पाँच कारण कहे

English

The following objects are said to be essential (in a This (story) has been narrated by the excellent Praja- pati. 1 His hairs fell down through the path of the sky on the earth. Hence the KaSa grasses are holy. They are always honoured in the Sraddha rite. The Pinzas are to be offered on them by one who wishes prosperity, Those who do so become free from sins and defects.. Their children become nourished with splendour, fame and refulgence. The devotee should sit facing the south and spread the Darbha grass once for the Pinzas. The tips of the Darbhas should be pointing to the south-east. The procedure shall be mentioned as follows: A learned man should always perform Sraddha with concentration of mind. He shall neither be dejected nor angry. His mind should not be distracted or diverted elsewhere. (The following Mantra is to be repeated.) "I annihilate everything that has impurity in it. All Asuras and Danavas have been killed by me. All Raksasas, Yaksas, groups of Pisacas and all Yatudhanas (demons) have been killed by me." 2 All Asuras avoid him who offers food to Piters by repeating this Mantra. Raksasas avoid the place where this Mantra is recited. There issome lacuna. Bd. 3.11.79-80 state that formerly Praja- pati assumed the form of a horse and his hair fell on the ground and became Kusa grass. Quoted in Srdddha Tattva, Verses of the same import and textual similarity are quoted by Apararka but he adds the Vedic mantra Apahatdff (Vaj. Samhita II. 29) here. ABrahmana should always perform Sraddha accord¬ ing to this procedure. The manes ( Pitamahas ) will grant whatever is desired in the mind (by him).

हिन्दी अर्थ

गये हैं ।!२१-१२३। .

English

If Sraddha is always performed assiduously, Pit** become delighted in mind and Raksasas become dejected. Sudras should always avoid the following in Srad- dha: Ksiracdiu 1 (trees yielding white juice?), trees called Balvaja (Eluesine Indica, a species of coarse grass not liked by cattle) and other kinds of grasses such as Varana, Lava, Lava-varsa. They shall avoid applying collyrium, oil and unguents as well as wearing garlands. Their rites should be performed with Kasas which grow again (when cut). All the benefits accrue (to them thereby). Kas'a (grass) and the regrown Kas'a (grass) are (like) peacocks tail and its regrowth 2. (So) Pitrs are Devas and Devas are Pitrs. This is the Mantra intended for flowers, incense, scents etc. Pulling (the vessel of materials of worship) towards the south assiduously for the sake of Homa, he (performer of Sraddha) should repeat the mantra "Svadha unto Soma, thePitrman (having Pitrs). Obeisance to Angiras". He should perform the Homa of non-heavenly or the worldly type for the purpose of the fructification of the holy rite. Homa is to be performed after placing Samit (sacrificial twig) within. The devotee should keep the mind perfectly pure and keep the holy fire scrupulously pure, repeat¬ ing the Mantra, "Svadha unto Agni, the bearer of Kavya. Obeis¬ ance to Angiras. Svadha and obeisance unto Yama and Angiras". These are the Mantras in order intended for Homas. Homas shall be performed everyday from the southern direction to Agni and to Soma in the middle 3. In between these two Homas, a Homa should be performed to Vivasvan (the Sun or his son Yama?). Upacaras (ways of render- barhatia 'a peacock' is rather inapplicable. Hence barhi (n) 'fire; husa grass' may be the probable reading. uttaratafr 'to the north' in Bd. P. ibid V. 95. If they are performed with Mantras, they have the same benefit as a horse-sacrifice. All holy rites mentioned above shall be assiduously performed. In the blazing fire plenty of ghee must be offered. Particularly Homa must be performed in a smokeless fire with curly leaping flames, for the fructification of the holy rite. We have heard that if a Yajamdna performs Homa in a weakly burning smoking fire, he becomes blind and issueless.

हिन्दी अर्थ

नीलकण्ठ की स्तुति ऋषिगण बोले--महाद्यति वाले ! किस देह में और किस काल में ब्रह्मपुरोगामियों का पवित्र और उत्तम आश्यान भटित हुआ है। तपोधन ! यह घटना जिस तरह घटो है, उसे हमें अच्छी तरह से

English

If there is deficiency of fuel, if the flames are scattered all round and dried up or if the flames are defiled by smoke, the fire is not conducive to good results. If the fire emits bad odour, if the flames are bluish or particularly black, or if the fire makes the ground crack, know that there is failure (in the holy rite). The resplendent fire with a single globular flame, yel¬ lowish (golden) in colour, produced by the ghee, is conducive to the fructification of the rite. The flame shall be smooth and curling clockwise. (That fire) is perpetually honoured and worshipped by both men and women. Thereby, the everlasting pitrs become honoured and worshipped. They give everlasting benefits. The different benefits of the various kinds of vessels that I have mentioned as regards the Sraddha rite, O excellent Brahmanas, are also true in regard to the holy rites of nativity. With regard to the Samits also, the same should be known. The devotee keeps the mind pure and says 'I am performing the rite in fire\ Then, after being permitted by excellent Brahmanas, saying Do 55, he should perform the Homa in the fire, accompa¬ nied by his wife and sons. The following trees are equally sacrifice-worthy: Palasa (Bd. P.), Plaksa, Nyagrodha, Asvattha, Vikankata, Udumbara, Bilva and Candana. The following trees are particularly recommended for the purpose of Samits (sacrificial twigs): Sarala, Devadaru, Sala and Khadira. Rural thorny trees are also sacrifice-worthy. Some of them are honoured for the purpose of Samits in accordance with the words of Pitrs. Even as I recount, listen to the fruit of the holy rite to those who perform Homa with the Samits of the Kalkaleya (pomegranate) tree. The Aloe wood is to be desired by all. It has the same benefit as that of a horse-sacrifice. The following trees should be avoided-Slesmataka, Naktamala, Kapittha, Salmali, Nlpa, Vibhltaka and the creepers also. Similarly the trees on which birds reside must be avoided. Those trees which are consi¬ dered unworthy of sacrifice should also be avoided. In the course of the sacrificial rite, the word Svadha is used at the end of the Mantra pertaining to Pitrs and Svaha is used in the case of Devas.