Adhyaya 82

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्रादेशमात्रमव्यक्तं लिड्भ! प्रमदीपितम् । न च तत्का-चन सध्ये न शेलं न च राजतम् २१

English

O foremost one among the eloquents, what is it that offered to the Pitj-s, delights them to a little extent? What deli¬ ghts (them) for a long time? What is it that is conducive to delight them infinitely 7 1 The first topic discussed is about the vegetarian and non-vegetarian dishes liked by Pitxs and therefore should be served to Brahmanas while dining at a Sraddha (vide w. 3-9). Listen to those sacrificial offerings which are to be made at the time of Sraddha as the knowers of Sraddha have under¬ stood. Listen also to the benefit of these in accordance with their strength. Grandfathers are pleased for a month by a Sraddha in which gingelly seeds, grains of rice, barley, black gram, water, fruits and roots are offered. They are pleased for two months if fishes are offered; for three months if venison is offered; for four months if the meat of hare is offered; and forfive months if the meat of birds is offered. They are delighted for six months with the flesh of boars, for seven months with goats' flesh and for eight months with the flesh of a spotted doe.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ज्वालामालायतं न्यस्तं सर्वभुतभयंकरम् द २२ अस्य लिड्भस्य योष्न्तं व गच्छुते मन्त्रकारणम् । घोरकिपिणमत्यर्थ भिन्‍्दन्तमिव रोदसो २३ ततो मामब्रवोद्ब्नह्मा अधो गच्छत्वतन्द्रित:। अन्तमस्य विजानीमो लिज्भधस्य तु महात्मनः. की अभिलाषा कर ही रहे थे कि, हम दोनों ने उत्तर की ओर एक जलती हुई ज्योति को देखा

English

The manes are delighted for nine months with the meat of the Ruru deer. They will have contentment lasting for ten months with the meat of Gauaya (a kind of ox). They are propitiated for eleven months with the meat of a tortoise. Know that Sraddha with (products of) cow's milk lasts for a year. So also in the case of milk-pudding along with milk pro¬ ducts, honey and ghee. The satisfaction with the meat of a Vadhririasa (a rhino-like animal?) lasts for twelve years. With the meat of Khadga (rhinoceros) during the rites of Pitrs, the pleasure is everlasting. So also with the meat of a black goat and an alligator provides endless pleasure. In this connection, those who know the ancient lores mention about the gathas (traditional verses) sung by Pitrs. (Pitrs sing) "Will a son be bom in our own family who will give us on the Trayodafi (thirteenth) day, cooked food, milk pudding, honey and ghee on the occasion of Gaja- cchaya Parvan P * 1 Or give the same with the meat of a goat that is

हिन्दी अर्थ

पवित्र मुन्ियों, उस ज्वाला को देखकर हम दोनों ही विस्मित हो गये; क्योंकि उस तेज के प्रभाव से समृूची जलराशि जगमगा उठी । वह अद्भुत तेज धीरे-धीरे बढ़ने लगा और हम दोनों शीघ्र ही उसका अन्त देखने के लिये उत्सुक हो उधर गये । हम दोनों ने देखा कि, वह ज्वालामाला पृथ्वी और स्वलोंक को पार कर रही है। उस ज्वाला-मण्डल के मध्य में अन्यन्त प्रभा-पूणं चमकता हुआ एक वितस्ति परिमाण का

English

The conjunction that occurs when the Moon is in the Magha constel¬ lation, the Sun is in Hasta and the Tithi is the 13th in the rainy season, it is called Gajacchdya or Kunjaracchaya. O dear one, recount the benefit of the holy centres Gaya etc. to me who ask. Please mention the merit entirely that is derived by performing the rites of Pitrs. O son, a Sraddha performed in Gaya yields endless benefit. Japas, Homas and penances (performed there) 'are also beneficial endlessly. Hence on the anniversary day of the death of father, Sraddha performed there is remembered as everlasting, A son begot after marrying a girl of eight years sanctifies twentyone generations. Moreover, he sanctifies six generations in the family of his maternal uncle. This is remem¬ bered as the benefit (of such a marriage). I shall recount the benefit derived from (discharging) a bull. Even as I recount listen and understand. The discharger of the bull sanctifies ten previous generations and ten succeeding generations. At the time of letting free the bull whatever is sprinkled with water as it emerges from water on to the ground, is said to yield endless benefit.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अस्पष्ठ शिक-लिज्धु था। मध्य में सुशोभित वह लिड्भध न तो सोने का था, न चाँदी का और न तो पत्थर का ही । वह अपरिचित, अचिन्त्य, कभी लक्ष्य तो कभी भलक्ष्य होने बाला, अत्यन्त ओजपूर्ण, महाधी र, प्रतिक्षण अधिकाधिक बढ़ने वाला, सब प्राणियों को भय-त्रस्त करने वाला और अपनी ज्वाला की अधिकता से विशाल जान पड़ता था ।१८-२२। यह देखकर मैंने कहा कि इस भयंकर रूपवाले लिंग का जो कि अपनी ऊँचाई से आकाश को फोड़ता साजान पड़ता है--पता लगाता चाहिए। यह सुनकर ब्रह्मा ने मुझसे कहा--आप आलस्य-त्याग कर इसके निम्ने भाग की ओर जाइये, किसी न किसी प्रकार इस रहस्यमय लिंग का अन्त जानना चाहिए। मैं स्वयं इसका पता लगाने के लिये ऊपर की ओर जा रहा हूं जब तक इसका अन्त न होगा, ऊपर की ओर बढ़ता ही जाऊँगा। इस प्रकार संकल्प कर दोनों ऊपर ओर

English

There is no doubt in this that all those things touched by water tossed about by its tail etc., give endless satisfaction to Pitrs. This is called'the rite of letting free a bull* ( Vrsotsarga-vidhi). For the details vide Vifliu Dh. S. 86.1-20. Vimdharmottara 1.147. 1-19 repeat the same procedure. Though the words ' nilam vam' are translated as 'blue bull* the bull is not blue in colour. Though the adjective 'blue* (Mla) is variously defined, Mt. 38 defines it as 'a bull having white legs, face & tail and the rest of the body as red* I could not trace the verse lohilo yastu varpena etc. in Bd. P. though Kane quotes it as ascribed to it (HD, IV , fn 1215). • The ground dug up by the bull by means of its hoofs or horns, serves as canals of honey perpetually feeding Pitrs. The satisfaction derived by Pitrs at the rite of letting free the bull is more than that when they hear that a tank, a thousand Nalvas square, has been dug (a Nalva =400 hands). If anyone gives gingelly seeds mixed with honey and jaggery, it yields everlasting benefit. One should not test Brahmanas always in order to give them anything. But testing is heard about (i.e. prescribed in £rutis) in regard to the rites of Devas (gods) and Pitrs. 1

हिन्दी अर्थ

नीचे की ओर गये ।२३-२५। ततृपच्चात् मैं (विष्ण) एक सहस्न वर्ष तक नीचे की ओर चलता ही गया

English

One should invite these for the Sraddha rite: Those who have studied all the Vedas and who have performed all rites; the Brahmanas who are the sanctifiers of the row; important Brahmanas who know the Bhasyas (Glosses on Aphorisms); those who regularly study Grammar; those who study Puranas and Dharmasastras; those who are conversant with the three-Naci- ketas-Vidyas; the worshippers of five fires; the Trisuparnas, the knowers of the six ancillary subjects of the Vedas; a son of the Brahma form of marriage; a master of Vedic Prosody (or chanter of the Vedas); a singer of the Jycstha Saman; one who has taken baths in sacred waters (at holy places); those who have taken part in important Yajnas and taken the concluding (Avabhrtha) ablutions; those who observe rites immediately; those who stri¬ ctly adhere to their own duties; those who are not wrathful and those who are always calm and quiescent. And those who perpetually observe the ten meritorious deeds shall also be invited. Whatever is offered to these, yields everlasting benefit. These are the sanctifiers of the row. Those Brahmanas who observe Yogic rites and duties should be revered faithfully. They are the foremost due to their adherence to the duties of their (specific) stages of life. In regard to the offering Verses 22-31 state the qualifications of the Brahmins eligible for in¬ vitation to Sraddha, though it has been already discussed in Gh. 17. Yogins are given the first preference as Yoga-dharma was regarded as the foremost among Dharmas. One who worships these, worships all the worlds along with the Pitrs. ( Togadharma ) is the holiest of all holy things, the most auspicious of all auspicious things. Togadharma is mentioned as the first among all Dharmas.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ततो ध्यानगतं तन्न ईश्वरं स्वंतोमुखम् । प्रभवं निधन चेव लोकानां प्रभुमव्ययम् २६ ब्रह्माउडजलिपुटो भृत्वा तस्मे शर्वाय शूलिने। महाभरवनादाय भीमरूपाय दंष्ट्रिणे ॥

English

A rogue, a drunkard, a patient of pulmonary con¬ sumption, a cattle breeder, an ugly person, a common servant of all in the village, a usurer, a professional musician, a merchant, an incendiary, an administerer of poison, a pimp, a seller of Soma juice, a person who undertakes sea voyage, one whose skin is defiled, a dealer in oil, a deceitful person, one who quarrels with his father, one who has a co-husband at home, a calumnia¬ ted person, a thief, a person whose livelihood is arts and crafts, a tale-bearer, a person giving wrong information about holy days, one who is malicious to his friends, a group-beggar, an atheist, a discarder of the Vedas, a mad fellow, a eunuch, a knavish fellow, a destroyer of foetus, a defiler of the preceptor's bed, a follower of the physician's profession for livelihood, a messenger and an adulterer. He who sells the Vedas, religious observances, holy rites and penances—all these are defilers of the row. What is given to a trader is not beneficial here or here¬ after. The same is the case in regard to a person who misappro¬ priates (deposits), who is knavish and who hates the Vedas. Verses 31-42 give a list of persons unfit for invitation to a Sraddha. Long lists of such unfit persons are given by Gautama Dh.S. XV. 16-19, Manu III. 150-166, Yajiiavalkya I. 222-224, Mbh. Anuiasana 90.6-11, Mt. 14-17, KP.II. 21.23-43. Dogs and demons should not see the performance of a Sraddha. 1 Hence it should be screened out all round, and gingelly seeds should be strewn around. It is to ward off Raksasas that gingelly seeds are strewn and the screen is to prevent the dogs. Boars destroy the effect of a Sraddha by having a look at it and a cock by fluttering its wings (or by the fall of its feathers within).

हिन्दी अर्थ

अव्यक्ताय महान्ताय नमस्कार प्रकुम है द ३०

English

A woman in her monthly course destroys the Sraddha by touching. If the performer of a Sraddha becomes angry, he destroys the benefit derived. If anyone gets his friends to offer Sraddha and Havis, they do not please Pitrs or Devas. Nor does he attain heaven. Grandfathers (manes) are delighted with what is given on the beautiful banks of the rivers and streams as well as of the lakes and in secluded places. One shall not shed tears while performing a Sraddha, nor should he take active part in irrelevant conversation. One should not munch or crunch anything while performing a Srad¬ dha. One should avoid mutual rivalry too. Since the period of Dharma Sutras, people believed that food for Sraddha got polluted even by being looked by certain animals and.certain categories of people. The list of such unvvorthies is given in vv. 44-46—an echo of Gautama Dh.S. 15.25-28, Manu III. 239-242, and Purarias like KP. II. 22.34-35, VP. III.16.12-14, Bd. 3.19, 43-44. While performing a Sraddha the sacred thread should be worn from right to left and the Darbhas should be held duly in the hands. One should perform a Sraddha till one's death. Thus one delights Pitrs. At the outset, he should formally take permission of the preceptor or the invited Brahmanas. He should then kindle a fire duly. The articles to be offered to Pitrs should be placed on the ground over a winnowing basket or on a Kusa mat.

हिन्दी अर्थ

नमोस्तु ते लोकसुरेश बेव नमोस्तु ते भूतपते महान्त । परमेष्ठ (एठी) पर ब्रह्म अक्षरं परम पदम् । श्रेष्ठस्त्वं वामदेवश्च रुद्र: स्‍्कन्दः शिवः प्रभुः.

English

During the bright half (of the month), the Sraddha is to be performed in the forenoon by the skilful performer of a Sraddha. During the dark half, it should be performed in the afternoon. In any case the Rauhina period (the 4th Muhurta of the day), should not be transgressed. Thus the great and noble souls, the seers of time and place, the Pitrs of great Yoga (yogic power) and great virility should be worshipped. A person always devoted to Pitrs attains the excellent Yoga. After eschewing both auspicious and inauspicious actions they attain salvation through meditation. It is for the sake of (promotion of) sacrifices that after deluding the universe, it (Yoga) was eschewed and kept in the cavity (of the heart, i.e. kept secret) by the noble-souled Kasyapa. O excellent one among the knowers of Yoga, that nectarine (or immortal) Yoga, the eternal great Dharma was promulgated by Sanatkumara. It is a great esoteric secret of the Devas. It is the grea¬ test resort of the sages. It can always (be attained) by the devo¬ tees of Pitrs through filial devotion, piety and endeavour.

हिन्दी अर्थ

त्वं यज्ञस्त्वं वघट्कारस्त्वमोंकारः परं पदम् । स्वाहकारों नमस्कार: संस्कार: सर्वकमंणामू

English

There is no doubt in this that one who is devoted to Pitrs shall, with endeavour, attain everything of that Yoga in essence. To whom are the Sraddhas to be offered; which are the things that yield great benefits when given; what are the holy centres and sacred rivers wherein the Sraddha offered bears everlasting benefits; by what means does one attain heaven—all these have been mentioned to you in brief. The man who after hearing this explanation of the procedure of Sraddhas, becomes malicious, is an atheist envelo¬ ped in darkness. He will drown himself in the terrible hell. He who has perfectly controlled his mind, finds all his great ailments terminated. He who is not mindful of the Airamas (stages in life) stated in the Vedas attains the Kumbhlka hell. He attains the status of a thief and gets his tongue cut. Those who censure Yoga become lumps of clay in the ocean 1 and decay as long as the earth exists. Hence, this is the Dharma (virtue) intended in the Sraddha that it should be per¬ formed by a man with faith (in it). Scandalisation of Yogins should be scrupulously avoided. By scandalising (them), a person becomes a worm and rolls there itself.

हिन्दी अर्थ

स्वधाकारश्च जाप्यश्च ब्रतानि नियमास्तथा। वेदा लोकःश्च देवाश्व भगवानेव सर्वशः आकाशस्य च शदब्दस्त्वं भतानां प्रभवाव्ययम् । भूमेगंन्धो रसश्चापां तेजोरूपं महेश्वर ३४५ वायो: स्पर्शश्च देवेश वपुश्चन्द्रसम (मस ) स्तथा बुधो ज्ञानं च देवेश प्रकृतो बीजममेैव च

English

There is no doubt in this that he who censures Yoga, the cause of salvation unto those who meditate, goes to terrible hell. He who listens to it (the censure), also falls into the hell. By denigrating masters of Yoga, a man certainly falls into the hell surrounded by darkness and terrible to behold. There is no doubt about it that he who pays heed to the vilification of masters of Yoga of fully controlled selves, be¬ comes submerged in the Kumbhlpaka hell for a long time. One should eschew hatred for Yogins mentally, verbally and physically. He will reap the benefit of the same here itself A person who has mastered (all lores) does not get (realize) the Atman. He wanders within the three worlds due to his own actions. A person who has mastered Rgveda, Yajurveda, Samaveda and all their ancillary subjects does not attain Brahman which is devoid of changes and aberrations ( avikaram ) and therefore, becomes distressed. Verses 54-57, and vv. 61-71 show the blind faith of Puranic writers in Yogins. Since the times of Vasisjha Dh.S. XI. 17, Yatis (recluses) and Yogins had a special place of honour among the invitees to a Sraddha. But Purana writers have prohibited denigration of Yogis even orally.

हिन्दी अर्थ

परन्तु उसका अन्त न देख सका। तब तो सचमुच ही मैं डर गया। उधर ब्रह्मा की भी यही गति थी। वे भी चलते-चलते थक गये परन्तु पारन पा सके। तब विवद् हो वे भी लौट पड़े और मेरे ही साथ उसी महासागर में निर्दिष्ट स्थान पर पहुँचे। हम दोनों उस महात्मा शिव की माया से मोहित कि कत्तव्य विमूढ़ से हो गये, चेतना लुप्त सी हो गई । निदान उस विश्वतोमुख, अव्यय, शक्तिशाली लोक के स्नष्टा

English

(Defective verse) 1 * * * He who has crossed the bounds of effects (of Prakrti) goes beyond Prakrti. Mastery, of the three Vedas leads to the crossing (of the limits?) of three gunas The (highest) principle is beyond the twentyfour Yogas (?). He is the master of all, who has passed beyond worldly existe¬ nce. (?) 2 (Defective verse) By means of his Yogic power, a knower of Yogas withdraws unto himself the dissolution of the Atman, in the same manner as the entire creation of the princi¬ ples by the Atman. He alone becomes the master of all. It is the knower of Yogas who knows the Vedas and at¬ tains the knowable. They call him the knower of the Vedas, and the master of Vedas. After duly knowing the knowable and what should be known (one becomes the knower of Vedas). They call him the knower of the Vedas. All others are thinkers of the Vedas. A person devoted to Pitrs attains the (fruit of) Yajfias, Vedas, all cherished desires, different kinds of knowledge, longevity, progeny and riches. He who invariably reads this Sraddhakalpa during Sraddha, in the end, gets all these (benefits) and the benefits of charitable gifts at the holy centres.

हिन्दी अर्थ

एवं विनाशक प्रभु शंकर का ध्यान करने लगे और अड्जलि बाधकर उस शर्वं. शुली, महाभेरव शब्द करने वाले, भीमरूप, दंष्ट्री, अव्यक्त और महान् शंकर की स्तुति करने लगे ।२६-३०। है देव लोक ओर देव दोनों के ईश ! आपको नमस्कार है, भूतपति ! महान्त ! आपको नमस्कार है, शाइवत ! पिद्ध योनि ! आपको नमस्कार है। सब जगत् की प्रतिष्ठा करने वाले ! नमस्कार हैं।३१। आप परमेष्ठी, परब्रह्ा, अक्षर और परम पद हैं। आप श्रेष्ठ हैं, वामदेव, रुद्र-स्कन्द शिव और प्रभु आपही हैं, यज्ञ, वषद्कार, ओंकार और परमपद हैं, स्वाहाकार, नमस्कार, सब कर्मों के संस्कार, स्वधाकार, जपनीय, त्रत, नियम, वेद, लोक, देव और स्वव्यांपी भगवान् आप ही हैं। आकाश का शब्द गुण, समस्त प्राणियों के अव्यय आदि कारण आप ही हैं ।३२-३४३। महेश्वर ! आप भूमि में गन्धस्वरूप, जल में रस और तेजोहूप

English

He shall be the sanctifier of the row (of diners). He shall be given priority in being fed among the Brahmanas. Or he shall (be eligible to) teach all the Brahmanas and attain all cherished desires. The text is defective and requires slight modifications as per the same verse printed in the Bd. 3.19.64 which means: "One who has mastered all created things, the products of Prakrti (the nature known as AvidyS), one He who always listens to this after subduing anger, being without malice and becoming free fromgreed and delusion' attains endless heavenly pleasure. He attains the entire benefit of visiting holy centres, and making charitable gifts etc. This is the most excellent means to liberation. This is the greatest means of attaining heaven. He shall have the greatest contentment in this world too. Hence he should assiduously perform this. He who reads these injunctions about (performance of) Sraddha attentively and with purity of mind, in the assembly (of the learned) during Parvan days, becomes endowed with children. With great brilliance, he attains the same region as that of the heaven-dwellers. Obeisance to that self-born deity by whom this Kalpa has been prescribed. I always bow down to the great masters of Yoga.

हिन्दी अर्थ

हैं । वायु का स्पर्श गुण एवं चन्द्रमा रूप आप ही हैं। देवेश ! आप प्रकृति के बीजरूप से वत्तमान हैं। आप ही ज्ञानखप और ज्ञानी भी हैं, आप समस्त भूतों के बनानेवाले और अन्त करनेवाले काल अन्तक (यम) हैं,

English

O dear one, these Pitrs are the deities of Devas. Pitrs are stationed in these seven abodes for ever. They are free from pain. All these noble souls are the sons of Prajapati. The first group is that of Yogins. That is eternal and is ever conducive to the increase in the Yogic Power (of Yogins). All Devas worship them. They are stationed in them (Pitrs). The four Airamas too successively worship them. The four castes also worship them in accordance with the injunc¬ tions. Similarly the mixed castes and the Mlecchas (alien out- castes) also worship them. Pitrs revere him who devotedly worships Pitrs. Pitrs in the form of grandfather grant nourishment, progeny and heavenly pleasure to him who desires nourishment or who desires progeny. To a son, the rite for Pitrs is preferable to the rite for Devas. Pitrs are to be propitiated even before Devas.

हिन्दी अर्थ

त्वं कर्ता स्व भूतानां कालो सृत्युमंयोध्त्तकः । त्वं धारयस्ि लोकांस्त्रीस्त्वमेव सृुजसि प्रभो. पूर्वेण वदनेन त्वमिद्द्रत्वं, (स्त्वं) च प्रकाशसे । दक्षिणेतर व वक्‍त्रेण लोकान्संक्षियसि प्रभो ॥३द्र पश्चिमेण तु वक्‍त्रेण बरुणत्वं करोषि वे। उत्तरेण तु वच्त्रेण सोम्यत्वं च ब्यवस्थितम् (३६ राजसे बहुधा देव लोकानां प्रभवाव्यप: । आदित्या बसवो झद्रा सस्तश्चाश्व्रिनीसुतो ॥४ ० साध्या विद्याधरा नागाश्रारणाभ्र तपोधना: । वालखिल्या महात्मानस्तपःसिद्धाश्च सुत्रताः

English

The subtle movement of the Yogic power of Pitrs is in- To all of them a silver vessel or one accompanied with silver is ordained. It is said to be sanctifying and excellent (for the rites) of Devas along with (those of) Pit r s. The three Pindas which the kinsmen offer invoking the names and Gotra, which they place on the ground strewn with Kusa grass after wearing the sacred thread from right to left, delight the respective parents who are present everywhere. What constitutes the diet of the creature (i.e. the devotee who offers) is the diet of Pitrs as well. Just as in a cowpen the calf finds out its lost mother, so also the Mantra takes those articles where the Janlu (the man for whom the pin<la is intended) stays. The name, Gotra and Mantra take the food offered to him. Even if they had taken a hundred births, the satisfaction follows them. (They are satiated by the Sraddha offering.) Thus this convention is established by Brahma, the supreme god. This first creation of Pitrs is for the worlds that seek everlasting bliss.

हिन्दी अर्थ

त्वत्तः प्रसुता देवेश ये चान्ये नियतश्नता: । उमा सीता सिनीवाली कुहर्सायत्रिरेव ऋ ?

English

Thus these Pitrs are Devas and Devas are Pitrs. O sinless ones, all these (following) have been recounted by me— Dauhilras, (i.e. daughter's sons), Yajamanas, worlds, daughters, grandsons, sons, charitable gifts, along with the mode of purity, holy centres, fruit thereof, everlasting nature of the benefit, (the different types of) Brahmanas and the rules governing Yayavaras (wandering ascetics). Everything has been mentioned in the manner that Brahma prescribed formerly. This, Angiras explained in an assembly while the sages sat listening when he had been asked to clear the doubts regard¬ ing Pitrs. It was formerly in the course of an extensive Satra (sacri¬ fice) lasting for a thousand years wherein the lord of the house was the deity. Lord Brahma. It is heard that Brahma presided over it for hundreds Brhaspati who had been asked by his intelligent son formerly, told thus. He recounted the family of Pitrs. What he said has been mentioned (by me). Henceforth I shall' recount (the race) ofVaruna. Understand (it).