Adhyaya 45

हिन्दी अर्थ

+ इदमर्ध नास्ति ख. पुस्तके ।. “धनुदिचन्नान्तगंतप्रन्थो ख. पुस्तके नास्ति सुपर्ण च तथा ब्रह्म यजूषां शतरुद्वियम् । पवित्राणां पवित्र च मद्भलानां च मड़भलम्

English

O holy lord, the two continents in the east and the west have been narrated to us. Now tell us about the people dwelling in the northern and southern continents as well as those on the mountains. South of the Sveta mountain and north of the Nila, there is a sub-continent called Ramanaka 1 where human beings are born. Animals (thereof) fulfill desires in all seasons. People are free from the stink of old age (They do not become senile or decrepit). They are a good-looking people descended from a noble, fair-complexioned race.

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्राणो5पानः समानश्र उदानो व्यान एवं च। उन्सेषश्चेव मेषश्न तथा जुस्भितमेव च

English

There is a great divine Nyagrodha tree (the Indian fig tree) called Rohina. The people subsist on the juice of its fruit. Those excellent people are always delightful and happy. They live for eleven thousand five hundred years. To the north of the Sveta and to the south of the moun¬ tain called Sriigavan, there is a sub-continent called Hiranyata 2 {Hiranvat in A) where a river Hairanyatl (Hairanvati in A) flows.

हिन्दी अर्थ

लोहिताइगो गदी दंष्ट्री महावक्‍त्रो महोदरः शुचिरोमा हरिछ्मश्रुरूध्वंकेशस्न्रिलोचन: २४७ गोतवादित्रन॒त्याइगो गीतवादनकप्रियः । मत्स्यो जली जलो जल्यो जबः काल: कली कल: निकालश्व सुकालश्न दुष्काल: कालनाशन:। मृत्युश्चेव क्षयोडन्तश्व क्षमापायकरों हर: ३२४९६ संवर्तकोउन्तकश्चेब संवतंकबलाहकौ । वटो घटोको घण्टीको चूडालोलबलो बली (२५० ब्रह्मकालो 5ग्निवक़श्न दण्डी सुण्डी च दण्डधुक् । चतुयुगश्नतुवेदर्श्नतुहत्रिश्वतुष्पथः २५१ चतुराश्रमवेत्ता च चातुर्वण्यंकरश्व ह। क्षराक्षरप्रियों धर्तो्गण्यो5्गप्यगणाधिप: २५२

English

Identified with ancient Sogdiana (AGP 8S-84). This Varsa is closely associated with the river Hiranvati (mod. Zarafshan). Both forms of the name mean 'possessor or scatterer of gold*. Due to its association with this river, this Varsa must be presumed to be adjacent to Sogdiana—AGP 84-85. Very strong and brilliant men are born there who are Sattvic in quality, bestowcr of desires in all seasons. They are rich and comely in appearance.

हिन्दी अर्थ

भगनेत्रान्तकश्चन्द्र: पृष्णो दन्‍्तविनाशनः । + स्वाहा स्वधा वषद्कार बमस्कार नमोःस्तु ते ॥

English

These people of unlimited splendour live upto twelve thousand five hundred years. In that country there is the great Lakuca tree (Bread¬ fruit tree) yielding six tastes. Men maintain themselves on the juice of its fruits. There the Spigavan mountain has three great and lofty peaks. Out of them one is full (lit. consists) of diamonds, the second, of gold and the third, full of all kinds of precious stones. They are embellished with mansions.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तपो ब्रह्म च॒ सत्यं च ब्रह्मचयंमथा55जंबम् । भुतात्मा भूतकृद्भुतो घ्रतभव्थभवो-दू वः मड़ूल, गिरि, स्तोक, वृक्ष, जीव, पुद्ुल, सत्त्व, रज, तम, प्रजन हैं ।२४१-२४५। आप प्राण, अपान, समान,

English

On the southern shore of the northern sea is the holy country of the Kurus 1 which is resorted to by the Siddhas. The trees there provide sweet fruits and flowers throughout the year. They put forth clothes and ornaments along with fruits. Many are the charming trees that bear fruits desired by all. They exude excellent honey of exquisite taste, colour and fragrance.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ऊध्वंकेश, जिलोचन ग्रीलवादित्रनुत्याजु, गीतवादनक्प्रिय, मत्स्य, जली, जल, जल्य, जब, काल, कली कल, निकाल, सुकाल, दुष्काल, कालनाशन, सृत्यु, क्षय, अन्त, क्षमापायकर, हर, संवर्तक, अन्तक, संवतंक, वलाहक, वट, घटिक, घटण्टीक, चूड़ाल, बल, बली, हैं ।२४६-२५०। आप ब्रह्मकाल, अग्निवक्र, दण्डी, मुण्डी, दण्डधुक्, चतुर्यूग, चतुवेद, चतुहोंत्र, चतुष्पण, चतुराश्रमवेत्ता, चातुव॑ष्यंकर, क्षराक्षरत्रिय, धूतं, अगण्य, अगरण्यगणाधिप,

English

There are other charming trees called ICsirin. They always yield milk like nectar yet presenting six types of tastes. The entire ground is full of jewels, even the fine sand being gold which is pleasant to touch. It is auspicious, free from impurities and thorns. Descending from the world of Devas, people are born as auspicious men. They are born in fair complcxioned families and have perpetual youth.

हिन्दी अर्थ

रक्त-माल्याम्बरधर, गिरिश, गरिरिक-प्रिय, शिल्पीश, शिल्पिश्रेष्ठ, स्वेशिल्पप्रव्तंक, भगनेत्रान्तक, चम्द्र, पृषा के दाँत का विनाश करने वाले, स्वाहा, स्वधा, वषदकार और नमस्कार हैं; आपको नमस्कार है ।२५१-२४५३३। आप : ब्रह्म, सत्य, ब्रह्मचये, आजंव, भ्रृत्तात्मा, भूतकझृतू, भूत, भूतभव्य, भवोद्धुव, भूः, भुवः, स्वः इति, उत्पत्ति,

English

The charming women give birth to twins who imbibe the nectarine juice of the Ksirin (milk-yielding) tree. The twins are born simultaneously and grow up to- They have great vigour and vitality. They live upto fourteen thousand five hundred years. They never lesortto others' women.

हिन्दी अर्थ

-+इदमध नास्ति क. पुस्तके ।

English

North of Jarudhi, the king of mountains, are the north¬ ern Kurus. 1 he land is glorified in all directions. Now listen to its detailed description. There are two lofty Kula-Parvatas, Candrakanta and Suiyakanta. 1 They arc embellished by many caves, crevasses, cavities and rivulets; they possess many bushes and hedges.' They arc decorated with minerals of various colours. They con¬ tain many kinds of metals; they are adorned with all kinds of mineral ores. They have trees with perpetual fruits, flowers and roots; they are resorted to by Siddhas and Caranas. The whole of that country is pervaded by hundreds of their peaks and ridges. The great river Bhadrasoma 2 flows in between the two mountains, Candrakanta and Suryakanta.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ब्रह्मावर्त सुरावरत कामावर्त नमोउस्तु ते । कासबिस्बनिहर्ता च कणिकाररजःप्रियः २५८ हिरण्यगर्भ: शक्ुनिर्महोदधिः परो विराटू । अधर्महा महादण्डो दण्डधारो रणप्रियः २६० गौतमो गोप्रतारश्व गोवुयेश्वरवाहनः । “धर्मकृठ्ठमंस्रष्टा च॒ धर्मो धर्मविदोत्तम:

English

There are thousands of other rivers with pure and tasty water, sufficient for the Kuru people for drinking. Similarly there are thousands of great rivers flowing with milk, honey, butter and the intoxicant beverage Maireya. There are hundreds of pools full of curds. There is a huge mountain rich in tasty food, nectarine, ripe fruits of diffe¬ rent kinds.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तत्लोक्यगोप्ता गोविन्दो मानदों मान एवं च्। तिष्ठंस्थिरश्व स्थाणुश्र निष्कम्प: कम्प एव च

English

There are roots and fruits of sweet fragrance, taste and colour. Their fragrance can be smelt from a distance of five Yojanas. There are thousands of flowers of different colours and shapes, large, pleasant and conducive to welfare. There are forests ofTamala, Aguru and sandal-wood pleasant to touch and rich in fragrance, colour and taste.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सह्यो यज्ञों घुगव्याधों व्याधीनामाकरोकरः । शिखण्डो पुण्डरीकाक्षः पुण्डरीकावलोकन:. बृषभश्चेव विख्यातो लोकानां लोकसत्कृतः:। चन्द्रादित्यो चश्नुबी ते हृदयं च पितामह ॥

English

The forests are in full bloom. Bees hum and hover round. The forests abound in pleasant trees, hedges and creepers. O excellent Brahmana, there are thousands of lakes abounding in lotuses and lilies wherein bees Hum and birds chirp. Identified with mod. Tarbagatai and Jingar—Ala Tau mountains.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अग्निरापस्तथा देवो धर्मकमप्रसाधित:

English

Mod. Irtysh river. There are many charming grounds of sports afford¬ ing pleasure in all the seasons. There foodstuffs, garlands, un¬ guents, beds, seats and other articles of enjoyment are ever available. Birds of beautiful shape and variegated colours chirp there.

हिन्दी अर्थ

(निननगनग-गमननननननननननमममननन-त- “पिया एक ये पता 5 पर शक जज कर" महेश्वर, ईशान, उद्दीक्षण, शान्त, दुर्दान्‍्त, दन्‍्तनाशन, ब्रह्मावत, कामावतं, सुराबरत, कामबिम्बनिहर्ता, कणिका,

English

The grounds of sports are flourishing and richly em¬ bellished in gold and jewels. There are bowers and grottos of plantain and other trees as well as rocks. There are thousands of bowers of creepers all around They are very pleasant. There are hundreds of underground houses as lustrous and pure as conch shells. The windows are made of gold adorned with a net¬ work of diamonds. They are very large and of various sizes with wonderful workmanship in gold and gems.

हिन्दी अर्थ

महोदधि, पर विराद, अधर्महा, महादण्ड, दण्डघार, रणप्रिय हैं ।२१५४-२६०॥ आप गौतम, गोभ्रतार, गोवुषेश्वरवाहन, धर्मकृत्, धर्म्रष्ठा, धर्म, धर्ंविद, उत्तम, त्रेलोक्यगरोषप्ता, गोविन्द, मानद, मान, तिष्ठन्,

English

There are thousands of excellent trees. The clothes are of various shapes (and fashions). They are of fine texture and very pleasant (to the sight). There are various musical instruments like Mrdanga, Venn, flute, Panava which are widely used. There are hundreds and thousands ofKalpa trees bearing fruits.

हिन्दी अर्थ

दशशादूव शमन, शीतो््ण, दुजं रा, तृटू, आधि, व्याधि, व्याधिहा, व्याधिग, सह्य, यज्ञ, मृग-व्याध, व्याधि- आकर, अकर, शिखण्डी, पुण्डरीकाक्ष, पुण्डरीकाव-लोकन हैं ।२६१-२६५। आप दण्डधर, सदण्ड, दण्ड-मुण्ड--- विज्यात, वृषभ और लोकसत्कृत हैं। चन्द्र और आदित्य आपके नयन हैं तथा पितामह आपका हुदय हैं ।२६६-२६७१। अग्नि, जल, देव, क्रमंकर्म-असाधित हैं। ब्रह्मा, गोविन्द, पुराण और ऋषि आदि आपके

English

There are parks of that description everywhere and so They never grow old. They have perpetual youth. They are fond, affectionate and comely in appearance. They live upto many thousand years. They do not procreate nor do they decline in numbers. Pairs arc born of the tree unlike each other but befitting each other.

हिन्दी अर्थ

इंदमर्थ नास्ति ख. ग॒. घ. पुस्तकेषु ।

English

The riches arc common to all. They do not have the sense of possession. There is no virtue, no vice, no sickness, no old age, no mental confusion, no feeling of exhaustion. On completing their full length of time, they disappear like bubbles of water. They are extremely happy, devoid of all miseries. Be¬ ing passionately attached, they do not observe (the restrictions of) Dharma. For Dharma grows from misery.

हिन्दी अर्थ

न ब्रह्मा न च गोविंद: पुराणऋषयो न च। माहात्म्यं वेदितुं शक्ता याथातथ्येन ते शिव रक्ष मां रक्षणीयो5हूँ तवानघ नमोउस्तुते। भक्तानुकम्पी भगवान्भक्तश्नाहं सदा त्वयि

English

To the southern side of Northern Kurus, there is the famous country called Candradvipa 1 shaped like the disc of the moon. It is at a distance of five thousand Yojanas beyond the region of gods. (Being a seaside land) it is ever decorated with garlands of sea waves and is resonant with many sounds. It extends to one thousand Yojanas in area and is full of fruits and flowers. It is fertile and flourishing. It is one hundred Yojanas in breadth and so much in height. There is an excellent mountain Kumudaprabha in its centre, inhabited by Siddhas and Garanas. It has various gems equal in lustre to the moon. These have all good traits and shine in their lunar shape. There are lilies of diverse colours, parks and gardens of variegated hues. There are many rivulets and caves. It is deco¬ rated with great ridges, precipices,.crevasses and bushy hedges. The excellent river of many waves, Candravarta flows from this mountain. It is full of pure and holy water, bright like the moon's rays.

हिन्दी अर्थ

यः सह्खाण्यनेकानि पुंसामाहत्य दुदंशः । तिष्ठत्येकः समुद्रान्ते स में गोप्ताउस्तु नित्यशः.

English

There is the excellent abode of the moon, the lord of stars. The moon, the lord of planets, always resides there. There is a famous mountain known by the'name of the moon. The great land called Candradvipa is famous both in this world as well as in heaven.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ये समुद्र नदीदुर्गं पवतेषु गुहासु च। वक्षसुलेषु गोष्ठेषु कान्तारगहनेषु व .. माहात्म्य को 'ठीक तरह से नहीं जान पाते हैं। है शिब ! आपकी जो सूक्ष्म पूतियाँ हैं वे हमारे दृष्टिपथ में नहीं आती हैं। उनसे आप हमारी सदा रक्षा उसी प्रकार करें, जिस प्रकार कि, पिता अपने औरस पुत्र की रक्षा करता है ।7६८-२७०। अनघ ! हमारी रक्षा करें। हम सदा रक्षणीय हैं। आपको नमस्कार है। आप भक्तों पर दया करने वाले भगवान् हैँ और हम आपके भक्त हैं। आप हजारों पुरुषों को लेकर समुद्रगर्भ

English

The Tuva region in southern Siberia where the river Yenisi flows. All the people here shine like the moon. They resemble the moon, with their faces shining like the moon. They are free from dirt and consider the moon their deity. The people there, are very virtuous, gentle, truthful and brilliant. Their conduct is good and their span of life ex¬ tends to a thousand years.

हिन्दी अर्थ

में एकान्त शयन करते हैं, ऐसे आप हमारे रक्षक हों। निद्राविहीन होकर निश्वास वायु को जीतने वाले सत्वस्थ समदर्शी योगिगण आपकी ज्योति को देखते हैं उसी योगात्मा को प्रणाम है ।३७१-२७३॥ जो प्रलय उपस्थित होने पर सब जीवों का भक्षण कर जल के मध्य स्थित होकर शयन करते हैं उन्हीं जलशायी को प्रणाम है। जो राहु के शरीर में प्रवेश कर रात को सोम का ग्रास करते हैं और स्वर्भानु एवं सोमारिन होकर

English

To the west of this western continent is the land called Bhadrakara four thousand Yojanas from the ocean. It is a circular zone ten thousand Yojanas in diameter. It looks splendid with different kinds of flowers. The place is rich and abounds in foodgrains. It is ruled over by many kings. It is joyous, prosperous and beauti¬ ful on account of the great mountains.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सूयं को निगलते हैं तथा जो अंगुष्ठ मात्र पुरुष देहधारियों की देह में रहते हैं, वे हमारी सदा रक्षा करें और हमें तृप्त करें ।१७४-२७६। जो अडगुष्ठमात्र पुरुष गर्भ से उत्पन्न हैं, स्वाहा और स्वधा उन्हें तृप्त करें, उनके लिये रुचिकर हों। जो देहस्थ होकर भी स्वयं नहीं रोते हैं, किन्तु प्राणियों को रुलाते हैं, स्वयं हृष्ट नहीं होते; किन्तु प्राणियों को प्रसन्न करते हैं, उन्हें नित्य प्रणाम है ।२७७-२७८। जो समुद्र में, नदी-दुर्ग में, पव॑त में, गुहा में, वृक्ष मूल में, गोष्ठ में, गहन कानन में, चतुष्पथ में, गली में, चबूतरे पर, सभा में, हाथी-घोड़ा-

English

There is a very splendid seat of Vayu there, embellish¬ ed with various jewels. There, the embodied form of Vayu is The natural traits of the Kurus have been precisely recounted. Now I shall mention the features of Bharata. 1 Understand them. O excellent Brahmanas, in the sacred centre to the south of the southern mountain Himavat, extending from east to west is the Bharata sub-continent. It behoves you to listen now to the details of the countries in the Bharata Varsa and of the people there.

हिन्दी अर्थ

+ धनुश्चिह्वास्तगंतग्रन्थ: क. ख. घ॒पुस्तकेष नाध्ति ।

English

With its diverse features giving rise to auspicious and inauspicious results, this sub-continent is in the middle, to the north of the ocean and to the south of Himavat. Since the country ( Var$a ) is called Bharata the people are Bharatls. Since Manu ruled over the people, he is called Bharata. 2 Etymoligically derived thus the Varsa (country) is called Bharata.

हिन्दी अर्थ

पञ्चपशचसुमुतेषु दिशासु विदिशासु च) । चन्द्राकयोमंध्यगता ये च चन्द्राकरश्मिषु २८१ सर्वस्त्वं सर्वंगो देव सर्वेभुतपतिभेंवान् । सर्वेभुतान्तरात्मा च तेन त्वं न निमन्त्रितः २८३ त्वमेव चेज्यसे यस्माठ्यज्न विविधदक्षिण: । त्वमेव कर्ता सर्वस्य तेन त्वं न निमन्त्रितः

English

It is from here alone that one goes to heaven or attains salvation. 3 The middle course—heaven as well as the end, the final emancipation—is attained from here. Rituals for human beings are not ordained anywhere else on earth. There are stated to be nine divisions of this Bharata Varsa. 4 Being separated by oceans, they are mutually inacces¬ sible. The description of Bharata is repeated in other Puranas also e.g. A , Bd. 2.16, VP.II.3.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अथ वा मायया देव सोहितः सुक्ष्मया त्वया । एतस्मात्कारणाद्वाइपि तेन त्वं न निमन्त्रितः

English

This etymological explanation of 'Bharata* attributing its credit to Manu who is called 'Bharata' due to his act of maintaining (and feeding) the people, supersedes the Jaina tradition which attributes it to Bharata, the Due to this special importance of Bharata, it is called Karma- umi.

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्रसोद मम देवेश त्वमेव शरणं मम । त्वं गतिस्त्वं प्रतिष्ठा च न चान्याइस्ति न मे गतिः . स्तुत्वेव स महादेव॑ विरराम प्रजापति:। भगवानपि सुप्रीतः पुनर्दक्षमभाषत

English

Cf. Mk. 5, Mt. 7-9. The names of the nine regional They are Indradvipa, Kaseru, Tamravarna, Gabha- stiman, Nagadvlpa, Saumya, Gandharva and Varuna. This Bharata, the ninth among them, is surrounded by the sea. From south to north it extends to a thousand Yojanas, from Kumar! to the source of Gaiiga. Sideways in the north it extends to nine thousand Yojanas. On the eastern boundary are Kiratas and Yavanas at the western boundary.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अथनमब्रवीद्वाक्य त्रलोक्याधिपतिभंवः । कृत्वाउएश्वासकरं वाक्य वाक्यज्ञों वाक्यमाहतम

English

Within it dwell Brahmanas, Ksattriyas and Vaisyas attending to sacrifices, war and trade respectively. The Sudras live in different parts. There are mutual dealings among these based on virtue, wealth and love. The different castes are engaged in their own functions.

हिन्दी अर्थ

दक्ष दक्ष न कतंव्यों मन्युविध्नमिमं प्रति । अहूं यज्ञहा न त्वन्यों दृश्यते तत्पुरा त्वया भुयश्व तं वरमिमं मत्तो गह्लीष्व सुब्रत । प्रसन्नवदनों भुत्वा त्वमेकाग्रमनाः शूणु २६१ अश्वमेधसहस्नस्थ वाजपेयशतस्थ च् । प्रजापते मत्प्रसादात्फलभागी भविष्यसि

English

People perform the duties of the five stages of life, the fifth being that of Saiikalpa. They possess the human tendency to endeavour to attain heaven and salvation. He who conquers this ninth Dvlpa entirely, along with the countries extending sideways, is declared an emperor ( Samraf ). He who conquers this world is remembered as Samrat, the conquerer of Antariksa as Viriit, while the conquerer of the other world is called Soaraf 1. I shall explain this later on.

हिन्दी अर्थ

रथ आदि के निवासस्थान में, पुरानी वाटिका और भवनों में, पंच-त्त्वों में, भूतों में, दिशा विदिशा में, चन्द्र- सूर्य की रष्मि में, रसातल में और इन स्थानों के आ तिक्त भी अवस्थित हैं, वे युक्ष्म, स्थूल, कृश, हस्व आदि सब आप ही हैं। आपको बारम्बार नमस्कार है ।२७६-२८३। है देव ! आप सब हैं, सवंग हैं, सर्वेभूतपति हैं और सब जीवों के अन्तरात्मा हैं, इसी से हमने आपको निमन्त्रित नहीं किया । विविध दक्षिणावले यज्ञ

English

There are seven great mountain systems with excellent knot-like ridges in this Varsa. They are Mahendra, Malaya, There are other thousands of mountains adjacent to these. They are endowed with all qualities, and have broad and variegated summits.

हिन्दी अर्थ

में आप ही यजनीय होते हैं और आप ही सब के कर्ता हैं, इसी से आप निमन्त्रित नहीं हुये । अथवा देव ! आपकी सूक्ष्म माया से हम भ्रान्त हो गये, इसी क'रण आपको निमनत्रण नहीं दिया । देवेश ! प्रसन्न हों । आप ही हमारी दरण हैं। आप ही हमारी गति और प्रतिष्ठा हैं। आपके अतिरिक्त हमारी दूसरी गति नहीं है। इस प्रकार महादेव की स्तुति क के दक्ष प्रजापति चुप हो गये । इस स्तुति से प्रसन्न होकर महादेवजी ने भी दक्ष से कहा--हैं सुब्रत दक्ष ! तुम्हारी इस स्तुति से हम प्रसन्न हुए अधिक कहने से क्‍या, तुम मेरे समीप जाओगे ।२८४-२०६। वाक्यविशारद त्रिलोक्रीपति महादेव ने दक्ष को इस प्रकार सान्त्वता देकर फिर स्पष्ट रूप से कहा “दक्ष ! इस यज्ञ के विश्न के सम्बन्ध में तुम्हें क्रोध नहीं करना चाहिए । मैंने ही इस यज्ञ का विध्वस किया है, किसी दूसरे ने नहीं । यह तुमने स्वयं देखा है सुब्रत ! तुम हमपे फिर यह वर ग्रहण करो ।

English

The chief of them 2 are the excellent mountain Mandara, Vaihara, Dardura, Kolahala, Surasa, Mainaka, Vai- dyuta, Patandhama, Pandura, Gantuprastha, Krsnagiri, God- hana, Puspagiri, Ujjayanta, Raivataka, Sriparvata, Karu and Kutasaila. There are other smaller mountains with thin popula¬ tion. The land strips between them have a mixed population consisting of Aryas and Mlecchas. The rivers rising from the foot of Himavat, 3 of which those people drink the water are: Ganga, Sindhu, Sarasvad, Satadru, Candrabhaga, Yamuna, Sarayu, Iravati, Vitasta, Vipasa, Devika, Kuhu,Gomati, Dhutapapa, Bahuda, Drsadvati, KausikI, Trtiya, Nisclra, Gandaki, Iksu and Lohita.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तुम प्रसन्न बदन होकर एकाग्र मन से सुनो ।२६०-२६२। प्रजापति ! तुम हमारे प्रसाद से हजार अश्वमेध ओर

English

Out of these mountain systems, Mahendra, Malaya and Sahya ranges arc well-known. The Vindhya of the Puraijas inc u cs ® range south of the Narmada. According to De ( ) Sukt an. tha porti of <hc Vindhya rang, joining PMy*» ding the hill, of Gondwan and Chhp.o Nogpm. Ilu. M. A '' graphical Map of Bharata, shows it as a ring of ranges g The rivers issuing from Pariyatra 1 are: Vedasmrf Vadavatl, VrtraghnI, Sindhu, Varnasa, Candana, Satira, Mahar Para, Carmanvati, Vidisa, Vetravati, Sipra and Avanti. *'

हिन्दी अर्थ

रे६... वायुपुराणम् वेदान्षडड्भानुद्धत्य सांख्यान्योगांश्व कृत्स्नशः । तपश्च विपुल तप्त्वा दुःश्वरं देवदानज: ॥२€६३ अर्थेदंशार्धसंयुक्तेर्गूढमप्राज्निभितम् । वर्णाश्रमकरतैधेर्मे विषरोत॑ क्वचित्समम्

English

The rivers originating from Rksaada and having The auspicious rivers of holy waters issuing from As stated above

हिन्दी अर्थ

श्रत्यथेरध्यवसितं पशुपाशविमोक्षणम् । सर्वेषासाश्रमाणां तु सया पाशुपत॑ त्रतम् ॥

English

The rivers of the southern land rising from the slopes The rivers issuing from the Malaya mountains 1 are Krtamala, Tamravarna, Puspajatl and Utpalavatl. All of them arc very splendid. Their waters are very cool.

हिन्दी अर्थ

उत्पादितं शुभ दक्ष स्वंपापविभोक्षणम् द ॥२€५ अस्य चोर्णस्य यत्सम्यक्फलं भवति पुष्कलम्। तदस्तु ते महाभाग मानसस्त्यज्यतां ज्वरः. एवमुक्त्वा महादेव: सपत्नीकः सहानुग: । अदर्शनमनृप्राप्तोी दक्षस्यासितविक्रमः ३२६७ अवाष्य च तदा भाग यथोक्‍तं ब्रह्मणा भव: । ज्वरं च सर्वधमंज्ञों बहुआा व्यभजत्तदा ॥।

English

The rivers originating from Mahendra mountains 2 are Trisama, Rtukulya, Iksula, Tridiva, Langulini and Vamsa- dhara. Tne rivers issuing from the mountain Suktiman 3 are Rsika, Sukumari, Mandaga, Mandavahini, Kupa and Palasiiu. All of them are sacred like Sarasvatl. All of them flowing into the sea are (holy like) Ganga. These are the mothers of the world and are declared as removers of the sins of the world.

हिन्दी अर्थ

खौरकः सोरभेयाणामृषरः पृथिवीतले । इभानामपि धर्मज्ञ दृष्टिप्रत्यवरोधनम् ३००

English

The modern names are bracketed: Modern names of these and explanatory remarks are siven in the brackets.

हिन्दी अर्थ

रन्श्रोद्युतं तथा5श्वानां शिखो:द्रदश्थ वहिणाम्। नेत्रराग: कोकिलानां ज्वरः प्रोक्तो सहात्मभि: अजानां पित्तभेदाश्च सर्वेबामिति नः श्रुतम् । शुकानामपि सर्वेषां हिमिका प्रोच्यते ज्वरः ॥

English

Modern names of these rivers arc brackated. The branches and tributaries of these rivers are hundreds and thousands. The countries in Central Region (Madhyadesa) 1 are chiefly Kurupancalas, Salvas, Jahgalas, Surasenas, Bhadrakaras, Bodhas, Satapathesvaras, Vatsas, Kisasnas, Kulyas, Kuntalas, Kasikosalas, Tilahgas in the border- land, Magadhas and Vrkas. Now along the northern half of Saliva mountains where the river Godavari flows is the most delightful region within the whole of this earth.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सौ वाजपेय यज्ञों के फलभागी होओगे ।२६३। दक्ष ! छवों अद्भों के साथ वेदों का उद्धार करके एवं पूर्ण, सांख्य-योग का उद्धार करके देव-दानवों से साथ बड़ी कठिन तपस्या करके, पाँच अर्थों से संयुक्त होने के कारण जो गूढ़ सामान्य जनों की समझ के बाहर है, वह वर्णाश्रमप्रतिपादक धर्म से कहीं विपरीत और कहीं अनुकूल है, वेदाभिप्राय से संपादित करके मैंने सभी आश्रमवासियों के लिये पशुपाण विमोचन पाशुपत ब्रत

English

There is a heavenly city named Govardhana. 2 It was built by the king of Devas for Rama s spouse. Trees and herbs were planted by the sage Bharadvaja for the sake of Rama's spouse. He made this delightful wooded tract the private part of the palace. The colonies of Ksattriyas 3 are Vahlikas, Vadha- dhanas, Abhiras, Kalatoyakas, Aparitas, Sudras, Pahlavas,

हिन्दी अर्थ

उत्पन्न किया है, जों शुभ और सभी पापों को नष्ट करने वाला है। इस ब्रत के करने से जो समीचीन फल होता है, उसका सम्पूर्ण फल तुम्हें हो। महाभाग ! तुम मानसिक संताप को छोड़ दो ।२६४-२६६। इस प्रकार कहकर अतिपराक्रमी महादेव अपनी पत्नी और अनुचरों के साथ दक्ष की आँखों से ओझल हो गये । उस समय ब्रह्मा द्वारा यथोक्त भाग को प्राप्त कर अखिल धर्मवेत्ता महादेव ने ज्वर को कई भागों में बिभक्त किया । ब्राह्मणों ! सब जीबों के शान्त्यथं उसे सुनिये ।१९७-२९९। नागों के लिये ज्ञीर्षाभिताप पवेतों के लिये शिलारोग, जल के लिये श॑वाल और साँपों के लिये केंचुल ज्वर समझना चाहिए । गौओं के लिये खुरका रोग, पृथ्वी के लिये ऊसर, हाथियों के लिये दृष्टि-व्याधात, घोड़ों के लिये रम्ध्रजनित रोग, मयूरों के लिये शिखा ( चन्द्रक ) विकाश का काल और कोकिलों के लिये नेत्नरोग महात्माओं के द्वाआ ज्वर कहा गया

English

At the time of the final redaction of the Purana, the following parts of India were included in "Madhyadesa". These are originally the names of the tribes applied to the land where they were then settled: Now a village in Nasik district of Maharashtra. Formerly it was an important centre of learning. Brahraaijas coming from' that place formed a sub-caste 'Govardhana Brahmanas". It is mentioned sevei al times in the famous Nasik inscription of Usavadata (100 B.G.) (Epigraphica Indica VIII, ). Generally realms or countries are named after the names of tribes or peoples who colonise them. The identification of these realms is based on AGP p -147. D.G. Sircar's GAMI is also referred to and only the page no. is mentioned.

हिन्दी अर्थ

है ।३००-३०२। है विप्रो ! हम लोगों ने सुना है कि, सब बकरों के लिये पित्तमेद और सब शुकों के लिये

English

Apagas, Alimadras, Tomaras, Harhsamargas, Kasmi- ras and Tahganas are the tribes of Kiratas. These along with Culikas, Ahukas and Purnadarvas are the northern peoples. Now hear from me the people in the East.

हिन्दी अर्थ

मानुषेषु तु सर्वज्ञ ज्वरो नामैष कोतितः मरणे जन्सनि तथा मध्ये च विशते सदा ॥३० रे विमुक्तरोग: स नरो मुदा युतो लभेत कासान्स यथा मनोषितान् ३०४५ दक्षप्रोक्‍्त स्‍तवं चापि कीतंयेद्व: शुणोति वा। नाशुम॑ प्राप्नुयात्किचिद्वीर्घ चाइ्युरवाप्तुपात्ू

English

People in the east Andhravakas, Sujarakas, The ancient tribes and their locations from Eastern Indm are identified as follows: Now the other people who dwell in the southern region * 1 are: Pandyas,Keralas, Caulyas (Colas),Kulyas, Setukas,

हिन्दी अर्थ

यथा सर्वेषु देवेषु वरिष्ठो योगवान्हरः । तथा स्तवों वरिष्ठो5यं स्तवानां ब्रह्मनिर्मितः ॥३ ०७ यशोराज्यसुखेश्वर्य वित्तायु्धनकाइक्षिसिः । स्तोतव्यो भक्तिमास्थाय विद्याकामैश्व यत्नतः.

English

The following identifications are based on De, (page no. indicated in notes) and Sircar (GAMI). Some identifications proposed:

हिन्दी अर्थ

व्याधितो दुःखितो दीनश्रौरत्रस्तो भयादितः राजकार्यनियुक्तो वा मुच्यते महतो भयात् अनेन चेव देहेन गणानां स गणाधिपः । इह लोके सुख प्राप्य गण एवोपपशते

English

The Malavas=Though Malavas settled in Avanti (around Ujjain) finally and gave their name to the ancient Avanti desa, it is possible that they were in south Marwar (in Rajasthan) at the time of this Purana. Malavas, Karusas, Mekalas, Utkalas, Uttamarnas Dasarnas, Bhojas, KLiskindliakas, Tosalas, KoscilaSj Tiaipuras, Vaidikas, Tumuras, Tumburas, Satsuras, Nisadhas, Anupas, Tundikeras, Vitihotras, Avantis. These are the kingdoms on the Vindhya mountains. Now I shall mention mountainous territories. 1 These are: Nigarharas, Hamsamargas, Ksupanas, Tanganas, Khasas, Kusapravaranas, Hunas, Darvas, Hudakas, Trigartas, Malavas, Kiratas and Tamasas. The learned know of four ages in this Bharata, viz. Krta, Treta, Dvapara and Kali. I shall explain their natural features later.