Adhyaya 52

हिन्दी अर्थ

नीलका नाम ते घोरा राक्षसाः कामरूपिण: । तत्र तेषभिरता नित्य महाबलपराक़मा: (३३ १

English

That chariot is occupied by the Devas, Adityas, Sages, Gandharvas, Apsaras-s, Gramanis (Yaksas), Serpents and Raksasas 1. The following reside in the Sun in succession for a period of two months each 2. Among them (gods) Dhatr, Aryama, (sages) Pulastya, Pulaha the Prajapati, the Serpents (Nagas) Vasuki and Sanlurnara, (Gandharvas) Turhburu and Narada, the foremost among the singing Gandharvas, the Apsaras-s Kratusthall and.Punjikasthali, Gramanis or Yaksas Ratha- kfcchra, Taporya 3 (?), Raksasas and Yatudhanas Heti and Praheti—these reside in the Sun during the months of Madhu and Madhava 4 (i. e. Caitra and Vaisakha). [These are the months in the season Vasanta (the Spring) ] The sublime concept of the Solar Chariot is based on Vaj.S. 15.15- Here Devas, Sages and Gandharvas represent light and immortality—the actinic portion of the Solar Spectra. The Serpents, Gramanis (Yaksas) and Raksasas signify heat or death, the thermal field of the Spectra. This Heptadofthe Sun signifies the mutual difference in the different "wave¬ lengths" of the seven colours. This may be regarded as Puranic VIBGYOR.

हिन्दी अर्थ

हानीलेदपि शैलेन्द्रे पुराणि दश पन्च च्। हयाननानां विस्याताः किनराणां महात्मनाम् ३२ देवसेनो महाबाहुरबलमिलख्रादयरतथा। तत्र फिनरराजानो दश पत्च च ग्विता: ॥। ३ ३ अतिदारुणा दृष्टिविषा हाश्निकोपा दुरासदाः । महोरगशतास्तत्र सुबणंवशवतिन:ः

English

Verses 2-26 enumerate the names of the different Devas, Sages etc.— the heptad who occupy the Solar Chariot every two months. These verses are common to other Puranas such as the Mt. P. Ch. 125, Bd. 2. 23.2.24. The Vedic names of these occupants of the Chariot are' somewhat different. 'Rathaujas' in Bd. 2.23.2-5. During the months of Suci and Sukra (i.e. Jyestha and Asadha)., the months of the season grisma (summer), the following, reside in the Sun: (gods) Mitra, Varuna; (sages) Atri, Vasistha; (Nagas) Taksaka, Rarhbha; (Apsaras-s) Menaka, Sahajanya; Gandharvas Haha and Huhu; Gramanis (Yaksas) Rathasvana and Rathacitra; and Yatudhanas (Demons) Pauruseya and Dhava (Vadha in Bd. P.). Then during the months of Nabhas and Nabhasya (i.e. Sravana and Bhadrapada) the (following) other deities reside in the Sun: (gods) Indra and Vivasvan. So also (sages) Angiras, Bhrgu; the two Nagas Elaparna and Sankhapala; (Gandharvas) Visvavasu and Ugrasena, Pratah and Aruna; Apsaras-s Pramloca and Nimloca; the Yatudhana Vyaghra; and the Naga Sveta.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सुनागेषषि महाशैले देत्यावासा: सहख्शः। हम्येप्रासादकलिला: प्रांशुप्राकारतोरणा: ३६ वेणमस्ते महाशैले दिलद्याधरपुरत्रयम् । त्रिशद्योजनविस्तोर्ण पतच्चाशद्योजनायतम्

English

During the autumn, in the months of Isa and Orja (i.e. Asvina and Karttika) noble sages and deities occupy the Sun: (gods) Parjanya and Pusan; (sages) Bharadvaja and Gautama; Gandharvas Visvavasu and Suiabhi; the two Apsaras-s of auspicious characteristics Visvaci and GhrtacI; the famous Serpents Airavata and Dhananjaya; the leaders of armies and Gramanis Senajit and Susena; and the two Yatudhanas Apa and Vata. During the two months of Saha and Sahasya (i.e. Margasirsa and Pausa), the two months of early winter, the following reside in the Sun: (gods) Arhsa and Bhaga; the sages Kasyapa and Rtu; the two Senanis and Gramanis Tarksya and Aristanemi; the two fierce Yatudhanas Vidyut and Sphurja; and the Nagas Mahapadma and Karkotaka; the two Gan¬ dharvas Gitrasena and Ornayu; and the splendid Apsaras-s Urvasi Durine the two months of late winter the following The twelve sets of seven deities (heptads) identifyng themselves with their place of residence augment the excellent splendour of the Sun with their extra refulgence.

हिन्दी अर्थ

उलको रोमशश्चेव महानेत्रश्व वीयेवान् । विद्याधरवरास्तत्र शक्रतुल्थपराक्रमाः ३८ बेकड्े शैलशिखरे ह्वन्तःकन्दरनिर्भरे । महोउचशूज्रः रुचिरे रश्नधातुविच्ितिते तत्नाउप्ते गासंडिनित्यघुरगारिदु रासदः: । सहावायुजवशष्डः सुध्रीवो नाथ बीयंबान् ३४०

English

With well-known hymns of prayer the sages eulogise the Sun. Gandharvas and Apsaras-s attend upon him with dance and music. The Gramanis, Yaksas and Bhutas collect hideous and terrible things. The Serpents bear the Sun and the Yatudhanas follow him. Worshipping the Sun from the time of rising, the sages Valakhilyas lead him to the mountain of Sunset. The Sun blazes with his brilliance and in accor¬ dance with the prowess, penance, Yogic power, truthfulness, righteousness and strength of these deities. These stay with the Sun for (a period of) two months. They arc the (sets of seven): the Sages, Devas, Gan¬ dharvas Serpents, groups of Apsaras-s, Gramanis and most of the Yaksas and Yatudhanas.

हिन्दी अर्थ

...... ७... .....0...........-..२4े०नविवनानननीयननिनषननन जननी नाना कीपलना++++०3

English

On being glorified, these blaze, rain, shine, blow, create, and dispel the inauspicious demerits of living beings. They remove the auspicious merit of the wicked people and in some cases remove the sins of mobile beings. They are seated in the celestial aerial chariot. They go as they please. They have the velocity of the wind. They revolve along with the Sun and follow him throughout the day. Showering rains, blazing and delighting people, they protect living beings till the end of Manvantara.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कन्दराएँ हैं। उनकी धातुओं से चित्रित चोटी पर दानवों के अतिविस्तृत आठ पुर हैं। अनेक शिखर-कन्दराओं से युक्त वज्चक पर्वत पर भी राक्षसों के स्थान हैं, जिनमें स्त्री-पुरुष रहते हैं ।२८-३०। वहाँ महाबली ओर पराक्रमी भयंकर कामरूपी नौलक नाम के राक्षस भी नित्य निवास करते हैं। उस महानील पव॑त पर घोड़े की तरह मूँहवाले महात्मा किन्नरों के भी पदन्धह पूर हैं। महाबाहु देवसेन और बली इन्द्रादि गर्वीले पन्द्रह किन्नर- राज वहाँ के अधिपति हैं ।३१-३३। उस पर्व॑तराज पर जो नगर बसे हुये हैं. उनमें कितने ही गरुप्तद्वार हैं और विविध वर्णों की सोने की परिखासे वह नगर घिरा है। उस नगर में सेकड़ों विषले अजगर (साँप निवास करते हैं जिनके देखते ही विष चढ़ जाता है। वे अत्यन्त भयज्भूर, दुर्धध॑ और क्रोधित होने पर अग्नि की तरह देदीप्यमान हो जाने वाले हैं। परन्तु वे सुवर्ण के वशवर्ती भी हैं। सर्पों के रहने पर भी वहाँ उस

English

By means of the ray (Susumna), the Sun develops the Moon in the bright half (of the month) day by day and it is complete (full on the full-moon days). Devas imbibe its nectar during the dark half. Thus he propitiates Devas with the nectar. After being sucked thus, the moon has only two Kalas (digits) left. Pitrs take it as Kavya offering. Devas and Saumyas consider it as nectar and drink it. Men conquer (satisfy) hunger by means of foodstuffs, beverages and medicinal herbs developed by means of rains, with water lifted up and released as rain-showers by means of his rays by the Sun, For half a month Devas are propitiated through nec¬ tar. For half a month Pitrs are propitiated by Svadha food. The Sun sustains human beings perpetually through food. The Sun sustains them through his rays.

हिन्दी अर्थ

पर्वतपर हजारों देत्यपण निवास करते हैं. जिनकी अट्वालिकाओं और कोठों पर तोरण लगे हैं एवं जो ऊँची परिखाओं से घिरे हैं। वेणमान नामक पर्वत पर पचास योजन लम्बे और तीस योजन चौड़े विद्याधरों के तीन पुर हैं। उनके इन्द्र के तुल्य पराक्रमी महाबली उलूक, रोमश और महानेत्र नामक विद्याधर अधिपति हैं ।३४-३८। वैकंक नामक एवंत के शिखर पर गरुडपुत्र सुप्रीव निवास करते हैं। उस पवत का शिखर ऊँचा,

English

The Sun moves ahead in his chariot of green horses. Through his rays he takes up waters. At the time of their release he discharges them. Thus the Sun sustains the mobile and immobile beings perpetually. He is carried by green horses. By means of his thou¬ sands of rays he drinks water. While being carried by green horses he showers it again. Thus the Sun moves ahead quickly in his celestial sphere by means of his single-wheeled chariot dragged by the unim¬ paired gentle horses. In the course of a day and night he traverses over the world of seven continents and oceans by means of his single- wheeled chariot dragged by the seven horses.

हिन्दी अर्थ

रत्न-धातुओं से चित्रित और निर्शर कन्दराओं से युक्त है। वहाँ सुग्रीव. नामक अत्यन्त बली, वायु के सामन शीकघ्रगामी, दुर्धध और साथों के निहन्ता गरुड़-पुत्र हैं। वह पर्वत महाबली, पराक्रमी एवं विशालकाय स्पहन्ता एकोनचत्वारिशोड्ध्यायः २६१

English

The Vedic metres that have assumed the form of horses are yoked to the chariot near the wheel. They can assume any form they please. They are yoked but once. They have the un- limited speed of the mind. They (are accompanied) by tawny coloured masters expounding the Brahman (or the Vedas). They cover one hund¬ red and eighty zones within one year. The Sun is eulogised by the sages through well-known words of prayer. He is served by Gandharvas and Apsaras-s by means of songs and dances. The lord of the heaven, the Sun thus traverses by means of his horses. The Moon too moves among the stars that stay in the pathway of heaven (vlthx). The increase and decrease of its rays are similar to the increase and decrease of the Sun.

हिन्दी अर्थ

करणञ्जेड्मिरतो नित्यं साक्षादृभूतपतिः प्रभुः। वृबभाडुगे महादेव: शंकरों योगियां प्रभु:

English

The chariot of the Moon has three wheels. 1 The horses are tied in pairs on either side. The chariot along with the horses and the charioteer has come out of the womb of the waters. The threewheels have a hundred spokes. Excellent white horses have been yoked thereto. They are ten in number. They are slender and divine. They are unimpeded and have the velo¬ city of the mind. They are yoked but once (in the beginning of the Kalpa) and they travel till the end of the Yugas. A white serpent acts as therein in that chariot. All the horses are of the same colour. They carry the conch-coloured Moon. The names of the ten horses are—Yayu, Trimanas, y. r?a > Jf j ' ivala ' Ha y a = y araa, Turanya, Harftsa, Vyomin and Mrga. They carry the Moon till the close of the day(?) The gentle Moon goes ahead surrounded by Devas and Pitrs. In the beginning of the bright half when the Sun is m front, the interior of the city of the Moon is filled duly every¬ day The Sun develops the Moon drunk by Devas in the declin¬ ing ortnig t. The Moon is drunk for fifteen days and the Sun

हिन्दी अर्थ

महाप्रजापतेः स्थान हेमशुद्भा नगोत्तमे । चतुर्वक्त्रस्य देवस्य सर्वभृतनमस्क्ृतम् १४६ सुमेधे धातुधित्राड्थ शैलेद्े मेवसंनिभे । नेकोदरदरीवप्रनिकुजझ्जश्रोपशोभिते ४८ आदित्यानां वुरां च रात्गाणां चामितौजसानू। तत्रा55प्रतनविन्धासा रम्पाश्चववाश्यिनोरवि.

English

Verses 50-83 describe chariots etc. Mercury (Budha) and others. Beginning with the second day in the dark half and ending with the fourteenth day Devas drink the watery wine, the nectar of the Moon that is essentially made up of water and that by nature consists of tasty essence. By the brilliance of the Sun the nectar is collected and prepared in the course of a fortnight. On the full moon night Devas, Pitrs and the Sages attend the Moon facing the Sun. The digits being drunk decline gradually in the dark half and become refilled in the bright half.

हिन्दी अर्थ

स्थानानि सिद्धंदेंवानां स्थापितानि नगोसमें । तत्न पुजापरा नित्य॑ यक्षगन्धर्वेकिनरा: ३४५० गन्धबनगरी स्फोता हेमकक्षे नगोत्तमे । अशीत्यमरपुर्याभा भहाप्राक्ारतोरणा

English

When days pass on gradually Devas drink the Moon for half a month until the new-moon day and go away. On the new-moon day Pitrs resort to the Moon. When the fifteenth part of the digits is left over in the later part of the day, that part is used up by the groups of Pitrs. The remaining digit is drunk by Pitrs during the period of two Kalas. From the lunar rays the nectar of Svadha comes out on the new-moon night. They drink the nectar and remain content for a month. They attain immortality. All these (following) are Pitrs: Saumyas, Barhisads, Agnisvattas and Kavyas. The years, which are enumerated by Brahmanas as five, are Kavyas. Saumyas should be known as Rtus (Seasons) and Barhisads are remembered as Masas (Months). Agnisvat¬ tas are Artavas (Fertility period?) and these are the creations of the Pitrs, O Brahmanas.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सिद्धा ह्पत्तता नाम गन्चर्वा युद्धशालिन: । येबामधिपतिदेवों राजराजः कपिञ्जल:ः ५२ अनले राक्षसावासा: पः्चकटेषपि दानवा:। ऊर्जिता देवरिपवों महाबलपराक्तमाः ५३ पक्षियों से आवत है ।३६-४१। करंत्र शैल पर साक्ष त् भूतपति योगियों के प्रभु. वृषभा कु, भगवान् महादेव शंकर निवास करते हैं ।४२। उस करंज पर्वत पर नाना प्रकार के वेश धारण करने वाले, दुध॑ष प्रमथगण चारों और विराजमान हैं। वसुधार पर्वत पर अमित तेजस्वी महात्मा वसुगुणों के पुज्यतवम आठ आयतन (घर) विद्यमान हैं। गिरिवर रलघातु के ऊपर महात्मा सप्तर्षियों के सात आश्रम हैं, जो सिद्धों के भवनों

English

When the digit is being drunk by Pitrs on the fifteenth night i.e. Amavasya, the last digit is left and it is re¬ filled. The increase and decrease of the Moon are on the six¬ teenth day (at the beginning of each next half). Thus the in¬ crease' and the decrease of the Moon are caused by the Sun. I shall now mention the increase and decrease of the stars and planets; and also describe the chariot ofRahu later. The chariot of the son of the Moon (Budha, The chariot resembles cloud. It has the frontal The chariot of Bhargava ( Venus) is glorious. In refulgence it resembles the Sun. It is yoked with excellent horses born of the earth and having various colours. They are white (tawny), brown, blue, yellow, red, black, green, spotted and variegated. All the ten are highly blessed. They are not lean. They have the speed of the wind.

हिन्दी अर्थ

से युक्त और पवित्र हैं ।४३-४५। हेमश्वज्ज पर्वत पर महाप्रजापति चतुर्मुख ब्रह्मा का निव.स स्थान है, जो सब जीवों के पूज्य हैं। गजशल पर भगवान् रुद्र नाना भूतगणों से युक्त होऋर प्रसन्न मन से नित्य निवास करते हैं। सभी जीव इनको नमस्कार करते हैं। शलेन्द्र सुमेध विविध धातु रंगों से रजित है, वह देखने में मेघ को तरह मालूम पड़ता है। उस पर कितनी ही कन्दराएँ, बन और कूंज हैं ।४६-४८। वहाँ अत्यन्त पराक्रमी

English

The chariot of Mars is glorious and golden. It is yoked with eight red, unimpeded horses. They are born of fire, and they can go everywhere. (Mars) traverses the signs of zodiac in straight, curved and circular lines. Then the scholarly preceptor of Devas, Bjrhaspati (Jupiter) of the family of Angiras, moves ahead in his golden chariot yoked with red horses. Eight horses as speedy, as the wind and divine in nature, are yoked to it. In a constellation this planet stays for a year; then he traverses quickly. Sanaiscara (Saturn) rides in a chariot made of black iron and traverses slowly. His horses are variegated in colour. They are born of the ether. Rahu's chariot is of Tamasic nature (dark-coloured). Eight black horses, as speedy as the mind, are yoked to it.

हिन्दी अर्थ

आदित्य, वसु. रुद्र और अश्विनीकुमार के उत्तमोत्तम महल बने हुये हैं। इस श्रेष्ठ पवेत पर ओर भी विद्ध देवों के कितने ही निवासस्थान हैं, यक्ष, गन्धवबं, किन्नर, आदि नित्य ही जिनको पूजा किया करते हैं ।४६-५०। हेमकक्ष नामक पर्वतराज पर एक सुसमृद्ध गन्धर्व नगरी है, जो अस्सी देवपुर की तरह शोभाशालिनी, विशालाकार परिखा और तोरण से युक्त है। अपत्तन नामक सिद्ध गण और युद्ध प्रेमी गन्धवेगण यहाँ निवास करते हैं, जितके अधिपति राजराज कपिजल हैं ।५१-५२॥ अनल पव॑त पर राक्षसों का और पंचकट पर दानवों का निवास है। ये राक्षत और दानव मदाबली, पराक्रमी और देबों के शत्रु हैं।

English

Leaving the Sun, Rahu rushes at the Moon during the lunar Parvan (i.e. the Full-Moon). Leaving the Moon it rushes at the Sun during the solar Parvan (i.e. the New-Moon day). Horses yoked to the chariot of Ketu are eight. They are as speedy as the wind. They have the colour like smoke from burning straw. They are strong. They are tawny (and variegated in colour) like donkeys. These horses of the planets I have explained along with their chariots. They are fastened to Dhruva by gaseous- rays. Being fastened by invisible gaseous rays, these (planets) being whirled, revolve in an orderly manner.

हिन्दी अर्थ

शतशड्भे पुरशतं यक्षाणाममितौजसाम् ' ताम्रासे काह्वेयस्य तक्षफस्थ पुरोत्तमम् ५४ विशाखे पर्वतश्षेष्ठ नेकवप्रदरीशुभे । गुहानिरतवासस्य गुहस्यथाइप्यतनं महत्

English

Being bound to Dhruva, the Moon, the Sun and the planets move about in the firmament. The planetary system united to Dhruva follows it as it whirls. Jusc as a boat is carried along by the water in a river, so the abodes of Devas are carried by the gaseous rays. Hence all the groups of Devas are seen in the firmament by everyone. 1 here are as many gaseous rays as there are stars. They are tied to Dhruva. They whirl Dhruva and whirl by themselves. Just as oil-crushers whirl and cause the wheel (of an oil-mill) to whirl, so also do the luminaries fixed (to Dhruva) on all sides by gaseous rays (bonds). They move about like a fire-brand on being urged by the whirling wind. Since the wind bears the luminary bodies, it is called Pravaha.

हिन्दी अर्थ

पिशाचके गिरिवरे हर्म्य प्रासादमण्डितम् । यक्षगन्धवंचरितं कुबेरभवन महत् हरिकठे हरिदेवः सर्वभुतनमस्कृत: । प्रभावात्तस्थ शैलोइसो महानाभ:ः प्रकाशते ५८

English

Thus the cluster of the luminary bodies united to Dhruva traverses the firmament. The Gangetic porpoise-like appearance in the sky made up of the stars is Dhruva. If it is seen in the night, the sin committed during the day is quelled. Persons looking at Dhruva regularly live for as many years, or even more, as there are stars in the "Gangetic porpoise" in the firmament. 1 This permanent Gangetic porpoise shall be realised in its various divisions. Its upper jaw is known as Uttanapada. Its lower jaw is Yajna. Dharma resorts to the top of its head. Narayana abides in its heart and Asvins stay in its forelegs.

हिन्दी अर्थ

पाण्डरे चारशिखरे महाप्राकारतोरणे । विद्याधरपुरं तत्र महाभवनशालिनम् (? ) ६० सह्श्नशिखरे शैले दंत्यानासुग्रकमंणास् । पुराणि समुदीर्णानां सहल् हमसालिनाम् ३६१ मुकुटे पन्नगावासा अनेकाः पर्वतोत्तमाः । पुष्पके वे मुनिगणा लित्यमेव सुदा युताः (१६२

English

Varuna and Aryaman are its hind thighs. Samvatsara is its penis and Mitra resorts to its anus. In its tail are Agni, Mahendra, Marici, Kasyapa and Dhruva. The four stars (?) and the Gangetic porpoise do not set. The stars, Moon, Sun, planets and constellations stay in the sky with face up or in front. They are in the form of a wheel. These are presided over by Dhruva. They circum¬ ambulate Dhruva which acts like the pivotal peg in the firmament. Verses 91-95 describe the heavenly Gangetic porpoise with various stars forming parts of its body.