Adhyaya 86

हिन्दी अर्थ

४७६ -वायुपुराणभ्

English

After knowing the views of earlier teachers, I shall explain in due order, the thirty embellishments of music. Listen to them while I am expounding. The Alankaras (embellishments of music) are to be explained along with their Varnas (movements of notes such as 'steady', 'ascending' and others) as their specific basis and also along with their associated configuration ( Samsthana ), always in regard to dramatic performance 2 etc. The SSdharana Svaras are: Vide Bharata's NafyaSastra Volume. IV, p -92 (Baroda Edition) The fulfilment of embellishment is achieved by the implications of sentences and connotations of the word-com- binations. One should understand that there are three place of utterance. They are the chest, the throat and the head. The best procedure (of production of notes) begins in these three places. In the original stage (Prakftau), there are four varnas (tone-patterns) with fourfold movement. The alternative movement is eightfold; 1 and gods know it as sixteenfold. [ The designations of Varnas: ] There is one (Varna viz. Sthayin) which has steady employment. Sancara is a mixed movement. One should indicate the descent of Varnas (i.e. Svaras) as Avarohana. There are four embellishments, viz. Sthapani, These are mentioned in the Puranas, only later writers do not refer to them. The exigencies of the metre have led to the change in the order of Vardas. The order should have been: Although I have referred to the section on Alankdras in Sangita Ratnakara (I.VI) only a few Alankaras like Sycna ( of S. R.) shed some light. Though S.R. is much later than Va.P or Bd.P., I consulted it m S.R. preserved some of the PurAuic traditions. (Names of Alankaras still continue as follows:) Visoara, Asfakala 2 3 which has an interval of one place (from its original place?). Avarta and Kramolpalti —these two should be effected according to their proportion.

हिन्दी अर्थ

धर्माधर्मा विह प्रोक्तो शब्दावेतो क्रियात्मको । कुशलाकुशलं कर्म धर्माधर्माबिति स्घृतो ॥२७- + धारणा धृतिरित्यर्थाद्धातो्में: प्रकोतित: । अधारणेड्महत्त्वे च अधर्म इति चोच्यते।. अन्रेष्टमापकों धर्म आचार्येरुपदिश्यते वृद्धा ह्मलोलुपाश्चब आत्मवन्तो ह्यदस्भकाः ॥

English

Syena is originated as having one interval and situated in the midst of Matras of a Kala. In it there abides the increase in the order of the note different from it (e.g. Sa~ Pa, Ri—Dha, Ga—Ni). The descent of the Syena AlankSra is called Uttara. The The Alankara called Prenkholita has the twelfth place of Kala having one interval. Thus it is endowed with Svaras (Notes). Some verses after this must have been lost as neither our text nor Bd.P. explains these anywhere. Uffrakala in the text being obscure, is emended as per Bd. P. The text is obscure both here and in the Bd. P. Just as in the case of beautification (of one's person; it is extremely censured if it is used at the wrong place, similarly unfavourable (discordant) embellishment of the Varners also (is censurable) as it is produced by oneself. Just as with the use of various ornaments, a woman gets herself beautified, so are the (musical) embellishments to a Varna, (but) if discordantly used, it is bitterly denounced. The ear-ring is not seen (worn) on the feet; nor a girdle round the neck. So also the embellishment (in music) if used in the wrong place, is reproached. When the embellishment is effected, it should indicate the Raga (melody); just as the path intended to be undertaken is characterised. If the reading from Bd.P. is referred to the name of this Alankara is Vdpa. But I am not sure of the correctness of the reading in the Bd.P. Vide Sangita-ratndkara I, 6.64 which enumerates Rakfilabha etc. Obscure*..,.. The songs which have been mentioned with particular emphasis on the form should be effected with seven notes and the Kaifiki [-Aa] of the sevenfold form.

हिन्दी अर्थ

पुर्वेम्यो बेदयित्वेह श्रौतं सप्तर्षयो5ब्रुवन् । ऋचो यजूधि सामानि ब्रह्मणो5ड्भरानि च श्रुतिः ॥३ १ मन्वन्तरस्यातीतस्य स्मृता55चारं पुनर्जगों । तस्मात्स्मातं: स्पृतों धर्मो वर्णाभ्रसमविभागजः

English

With one foot (Pada) in the Matra and with one foot The second break in the foot is well, established with Graha (the starting point of the song) and in the Aparantika (songs). The first, the eighth, the third and second are esta- blished with Graha (!) (Obscure) With half of the equivalent of a Pada and in the one-fifth portion of the Pada, the Pada-bhdga (one fourth of the Pada) also along with the one and a quarter (of a pada) (?) is established in the original form) In the Uttara and Mandraka songs in their original form, the Kala exists as explained of the Daksina Marga (way of the Tala—procedure).* When there is the use of one and the use of two, O best of Brahmanas, and when there is the combination of many Pataka 3 etc. are declared. Some lines are perhaps missing ( vide Bd. 3-62.40-41). (Tentative translation): The two feet and their Ahara(ia(?) beyond this are not laid down. Patdkd was one of eight mdtrds, which was indicated by moving the hand upwards. These mdtrds were to be employed in the mdrgas as specifically directed. The Vjrttis are the styles of rendering songs. They were three in number viz. Citrd, Vftti and Dakfipa. They were associated with the three When Raivata, otherwise known as Kakudmin, went to that world (of Brahma) the entire Kusasthall was over-run and destroyed by Punyajanas and Raksasas. The hundred brothers of that noble-soulcd virtuous king, on being harassed by the Raksasas, fled away in great terror. Fleeing in terror, those Ksatriyas established their families in different places. 2 3 O excellent Brahmanas, these families were very great. As they were virtuous, they were famous in all the quarters as '■'Prayalas" 2 (the pure ones). The family of Dhpsta, the Ksatriyas named Dharstakas, became quite invinci¬ ble in war. Thus there were three thousand groups of noble- This chapter corresponds to Bd. -3-63. The references are to the verses in this chapter.

हिन्दी अर्थ

स एप द्विविधों धर्म: शिष्टाचार इहोच्यते । शेषशब्दाच्छिष्ट इति शिष्टाचारः प्रचक्ष्यते मन्वन्तरेषु ये शिष्ठा इह तिष्ठन्ति धामिकाः । मनुः सप्तर्षयश्चेव लोकसंतानकारणात् ॥॥

English

Though the chapter is mainly concerned with the Iksvaku dynasty, w. 3-7 mention a dynasty of the pre-Yayati period, before circa 3000 B.C. (The Vedic Age, , BVB's The History and Culture of the Indian People Vol. 1.) Saryata in Bd. P. ibid v. 5 Arhbarisa was the son of Nabhaga. His son was Virupa. Virupa s son was Prsadasva and his son was Rathltara. These (Rathitaras), though born as Ksatriyas, were known as Angiras-s. The prominent members (descendants) of Rathltara were Brahmanas with Ksatriya-like (heroic) prowess. 1 Formerly when Manu sneezed, Iksavaku was bom. 2 Iksvaku had hundred sons. All of them were liberal-minded (distributing enormous wealth as Daksina). The eldest son was Vikuksi. His younger brothers, Nemi and Danda (two were famous). He had five hundred sons, the chief of them being Sakuni. They were the kings and protectors of the land of Uttarapatha (northern region). Forty-eight of them ruled in the southern region. Twenty of them were very important. They protected the whole of the southern region. The king said: O powerful one, kill deer and bring the meat worthy of the Sraddha. Undoubtedly the A?fakd Sraddha has to be performed today. Vikuksi who went a-hunting at the instance of the intelligent (king) killed thousands of deer. Though very powerful, he became very tired. He then (killed and) ate a hare. When Vikuksi returned with the meat along with the army, the king urged Vasi$tha, "May the meat be sprinkled with the holy water". This indicates the fluidity of the caste-system in ancient India. From v. 8, the Purana describes the Iksvaku dynasty. His three sons—Vikuksi, Nemi and Dan<Ja—founded separate dynasties at Ayodhya (U.P.), Videha (Bihar) and Dantfaka (North Deccan) respectively. Nemi is mentioned as 'Nimi* in Buddhist Jatakas. The Sraddha performed on the 7th, 8th and 9th days after the Full Moon in the three months of Pausa, Magha and Ph&lguna.

हिन्दी अर्थ

धर्मार्थ ये च शिष्टा व॑ याथातथ्य॑ प्रचक्षते द

English

The infuriated Iksvaku then spoke thus to Vikuksi: "Commanded by me for the purpose of the rites of Pitrs, you went for hunting the deer. In the forest you mercdessly ate the flesh of a hare before the Sraddha. Hence I banish you. Go away along with your fate (as a result of your own action)." Thus at the instance of Vasistha the son was abandoned by Iksvaku. When Iksvaku passed away, the hare-eater attained this earth. He was a very virtuous-souled king of Ayodhya. Urged and guided by Vasistha, he ruled over the kingdom. Thereafter, being full of that sin, the king, ruling over the king¬ dom declined in power as time elapsed. 1 After understanding (the import of) this story, no one shall eat (meat) outside the injunction. Learned men explain the etymology of Mdriisa (Meat) thus—'In the other world that will eat me, Marti Sa (Bhaksayita) the flesh of which I eat here now'. 2 Sasada's successor was Kakutstha, the powerful. Formerly he had sat on the hump of Indra who had assumed the form of a bull, in the course of the war named Adibaka. 3 or went to an inferior world (hell) after death. Quoted from Manu V. 55. Kalidasa, however, explains the epithet Kakutstha as 'one who Vfsadasva was Prthu's son. From him was born the powerful Andhra. YavanaSva was Andhra's son. Sravasta was his son. Sravasta was the king by whom SravastI * 1 was built. Sravasta's successor was BfhadaSva of great fame. It is heard that Kuvalasva was the son of BrhadaSva. By killing Dhundhu that king became known as Dhundhu- mara. O highly intelligent one, we wish to hear how Dhundhu was slain, whereby Kuvalasva attained the title of Dhundhumara. Bfhadasva had twentyone thousand sons. All of them were experts in Vidyas. They were powerful and invin¬ cible. All of them were righteous. All of them were performers of Yajnas with profuse Dak§ina. Bfhadasva, the king, crowned. Kuvalasva who was very powerful, heroic, excellent and virtuous, in that kingdom. After transferring the royal position and glory to his son, the king went to the forest. Uttahka, the Brahmana sage, prevented the great heroic king Bfhadasva who was excellent and virtuous and who was proceeding to the forest (for penance). "O King, protection must be offered by you. It be¬ hoves you to do it. I am unable to perform penance un¬ disturbed. Modern Sahet-Mahet on the Rapti (ancient Airavatl or Aciravau)

हिन्दी अर्थ

अर्थात् वैसा आचरण 7रने पर निष्पन्न होते हैं कुशलता एवं अकुशलता सम्पादित करने वाले कर्म ही धर्म और अधम के नाम से विख्यात हैं. अर्थात् जिसके आचरण करने से कुशल हो उसे धर्म तथा जिसके आचरण से अमंगल की प्राप्ति: हो उसे अधमे कहते हैं। घारणार्थंक 'ध” धातु से धर्मं शब्द की निष्पत्ति होती है। जो धारण करने योग्य नहीं है, जिसके आचरण से महत्व की प्राप्ति नहीं होती उसे अधम कहते हैं। इस प्रसज्भ में आचाय॑ लोग उसे धर्म कहते हैं. जिसके आचरण से इष्ट की प्राप्ति हो। जो बुद्ध लोभ बिहीन आत्मनिष्ठ, दम्भरहित, विपुल विद्यावानू, विनम्र तथा सरल हों. उन्हें आचार्य कहते हैं ।२७-२९। यतः वे. आचाये गण सभी नियमों एवं संयमों के साथ स्वयम उन आचरणीय धर्म कार्यों का अनुष्ठान करते हैं, तथा लोक को प्रवत्त करने के लिए मर्यादा स्थापित करते हैं, शास्त्रों के अर्थों को संगहीत करते हैं, अत उन्हें

English

In the wild desert region near my hermitage, there is He breathes out (once) at the end of a year. But when he exhales the whole earth along with forests quakes and A great column of dust is raised by the air exhaled by him. It covers up the path of the sun and the earth — quake continues for a week. It is accompanied by very terrible flames of fire, sparks and smoke. O King, I am not therefore able to stay in my own hermitage. O brawny-armed king, restrain him with a desire for the welfare of the worlds. The great deity Vi$nu will further develop your prowess by means of his own splendour. The worlds will be happy and relieved today when the Asura is killed. O King, you are hence competent to kill him. O Sinless one, a boon has been granted to me (that you would help me by killing him) formerly by Visnu. Hence Dhundhu of great virility cannot be slain by anyone of less splendour even in hundreds of years. His virility is so great that it cannot be brooked even by the Devas." Thus requested by the noble-souled Uttanka, that saintly king entrusted his son Kuvalasva with the job of restrain¬ ing Dhundhu. The King said, "I have already laid aside iny weapons. Here is my son. O Excellent Brahmana, he will undoubtedly become the slayer of Dhundhu." After ordering his son who was ready to slay Dhundhu, the king of praise-worthy holy observances retired to the mountains for performing penance. The righteous-souled king Kuvalasva, obeying the behest of his father, went ahead to Dhundhu's haunt, accom¬ panied by his twentyone thousand sons and Uttanka, in order to restrain Dhundhu. Due to the imploring entreaty of Uttanka, and with a desire for the welfare of the worlds, lord Visnu entered him with his own brilliance. When that invincible (king) started, a loud voice arose in heaven—"This king shall be the slayer of Dhundhu (Dhundhumara) with effect from today." The Devas honoured him with divine flowers. It was a wonderful thing. That tiger-like man (the king) of great prowess went to that vast sea of sand accompanied by his sons and dug it up without any waste (of time). That saintly king had already been developed (empowered) extra-ordinarily by the splendour of Narayana.

हिन्दी अर्थ

आनर्य कहते हैं। सप्तर्षि गण पूर्व कल्पों में उत्पन्न होने. वाले लोगों को ऋक्, यजु, साभ आदि श्रुतियों एवं वेदाज़ों का उपदेश कर श्रीत धरम का ज्ञान लाभ कराते हैं ऐसा सना जाता है। बीते हुए मन्वन्तरों में . उत्पन्न होने वाले लोगों के आचारों का स्मरण कर वे वतेमान मन्वन्तर के लोगों को उपदेश करते हैं अत वर्णाश्रम के विभागों से संयक्त उस धर्म को स्मात॑ घर्मं कहते हैं ।३०-३२॥ इस प्रक्रार लोक मेंये दो श्रोत्त

English

He became still more powerful by staying under the control of Uttanka. Dhundhu was found out by his sons who were digging. He had been lying hidden beneath the sand on the western side. He seemed to be furiously covering the worlds by means of the fire coming out of his mouth. O excellent one among the imbibers of Soma, by means of his Yogic power, he exuded water like the great ocean at the time of Moon-rise. It was a vast sheet of water with currents and waves. His sons excepting three were burnt by the Raksasa. Then the king of great strength destroyed all the attendants and kinsmen of Dhundhu. The king who was a Yogin, drank up his behemence in the form of water-flood (let loose by him) by means of his Yogic power and extinguished the fire by means of water. Then he overpowered the huge-bodied aquatic DrdhaSva was the eldest ofhis three sons who survived. BhadraSva and Kapilaiva were the younger ones.. DrdhaSva was known as Dhaundhumari (son of Dhundhumara). Haryasva was his son. His son was Nikumbha who was always engaged in Ksatra Dharma (military Pro- fession). Samhatasva was the son of Nikumbha. He is reputed as an expert in warfare. Krsasva and Aksayasva were the sons of Samhatasva. His wife was Haimavati who was like the river DfSadvati to the minds of the good. She was famous in the three worlds. Her son was Prasenajit. Yuvanasva was his son. He was very brilliant and famous in the three worlds as highly virtuous. The chaste lady Gauri was his wife. She was cursed by her husband and turned into the river Bahuda. 1 Her son Gaurika became an emperor. Mandhata, the son of Yuvanasva, became a king con¬ quering the three worlds. In this connection, Brahmanas well versed in Puranas, cite these two verses. "The entire region from the place where the Sun rises up to (the place) where he sets, the whole of it, is called the territory of Mandhata, son of Yuvanasva". People who know the (details of) different races also quote this verse. "Those who know Puranas call the son of Yuvanasva, noble-souled, a performer of sacrifices and (a king) of unmeasured splendour. Mandhata is the embodied form of Visnu."

हिन्दी अर्थ

एवं स्मार्त धर्म शिष्टाचार नाम से प्रसिद्ध हैं। शेष छाब्द से शिष्ट शब्द की निष्पत्ति होती है और उन्हीं शिष्ट लोगों के आचारों को शिष्टाच।र कहा जाता हैं । प्रत्येक मन्वन्तरों की समाप्ति के असवर पर जिन धामिक प्रवृत्ति वाले मनु एवं सप्त्धि प्रभति महानुभावों की सत्ता लोक में सन्‍्तानोत्पत्ति के बीजारोपण एवं धर्म की +धनश्चिद्धान्तरप्रन्थों ग. पुस्तके नास्ति ।

English

His wife CaitrarathI was Sasabindu's daughter. She was known by the name ofBindumati also. She was a chaste lady and had no equal in beauty all over the earth. She was the eldest sister often thousand brothers. She was devotedly attached to her husband. Mandhata begot three sons of her. They were Purukutsa, Ambarisa and Mucukunda. Ambarlsa's successor was another Yuvanasva. Harita was Yuvanasva's son. Descendants of Harita are remembered by the name Suris. They were the (adopted) sons of Ahgiras (spiritual lineage). They were Brahmanas endowed with martial qualities. Purukutsa's successor was Trasaddasyu of great fame. He was born of Narmada. His son was Sambhuta. Sambhuta's son was the valorous Anaranya. He was killed by Ravana formerly while he was conquering the three Trasadasva was the son of Anaranya. His son was Haryasva. From Haryasva Drsadvatl gave birth to king Vasumata. His son was the virtuous king Tridhanva by name. The scholarly king Trayyaruna was the son of Tridhanvan. He had a powerful son named Satyavrata. Vidarbha's wife was abducted by him after killing (i.e. defeat¬ ing) the heaven-dwellers, when all the sacred mantras of marriage ceremony had been chanted and the ceremonies con¬ cluded. Visnuvfddha was his son whence his descendants are remembered as Visnuvrddhas. They were also the (adopted) sons of Ahgiras endowed with martial qualities. That (sin) was committed by him out of lust, or (pride) due to his strength, or to the powerful force exerted by the inevitable destiny, though he was intelligent. His father Trayyaruna banished him as he was sinful. Being infuriated with him, he repeated many times, "Be He spoke to his father again and again, Visvamitra of great penance left his wife in that land and performed a severe penance in the marshy land near the His wife tied her own bosom-born middle son (with; a rope) round his neck and offered him for sale in exchange for a hundred cows for maintaining (the remaining ones).

हिन्दी अर्थ

एकोनषष्टितमोथ्ष्यायः २७३

English

On seeing the son of the sage tied round the neck, the excellent man of good rites, the virtuous-souled Satyavrata of great intellect, got him released by being sold. He nurtured him in order to propitiate Visvamitra and gain his sympathy. The boy came to be known as Galava because he had been tied round the neck {Gala ). That descendant of Kusika, a great sage of severe penance had been redeemed by that powerful (King). On account of his (?) sacred vow, devotion, mercy and solemn declaration, the king who adhered to the rules of discipline, sustained Visvamitra's wife also. After killing deer, boars, buffaloes and other forest animals, he cooked that flesh near the hermitage of ViSvamitra. At the behest of the father, he adopted a secret vow (UpdrhSu Vrata) and for that purpose took initiation ex¬ tending to twelve years. As the king (Satyavrata's father) had gone to the forest, the sage Vasistha, in the capacity of the king s priest, protected Ayodhya, the kingdom and the harem. Out of childishness, or due to the force of the inevit¬ able destiny, Satyavrata nursed a great grudge against Vasistha. While he was crying on being exiled by his father and banished from the kingdom, the sage Vasistha had not restrain- The Mantras chanted during the celebration of a marriage are concluded at the seventhstep (of the Saptafiadi rite) but Satyavrata abducted her (the bride ofVidarbha) at the seventh step. Vasistha the knower of Dharmas does not wish to repeat the hantras. So Vasistha was inwardly angry with Satyavrata* (?) It was because of being fully mindful of his position as preceptor that Vasistha did so then. Nor did Satyavrata understand the secret vow of (the sage). (Defective verses) When the father of lofty mind passed away, Indra did not shower for twelve years. Thereby all the people on the earth became weak. All these years the son was having Dikfa (i.e. performing holy rites in accordance with his fathers' injunction). Vasistha thought that the people would be saved if he was crowned again. So he restrained Satyavrata from keeping out of the kingdom further. The powerful (younger king) performed the holy rites for twelve years. When there was no meat avail¬ able, the son of the king saw the cow of the noble-souled Vasi¬ stha, Kamadugha (i.e. the yielder of desired objects). Out of spite, due to delusion and exhaustion and because he was hungry, the foremost among powerful persons who had adopted the practice ofDasyus (robbers and Candalas), killed the cow. He himself ate the meat and fed the sons of Visvamitra also. On hearing it Vasistha abandoned him then. The holy lord Vasistha spoke also thus to the son of the king (i.e. Satyavrata): "O base one among men, had it not been for the fact that you have already three Sahkus (sins), O cruel one, I would have let this iron Sahku (rod) fall on you. Your transgression (commission of sins) is of three forms: One because of the dissatisfaction of your father, the other due to the slaughter of the preceptor's cow and (finally) due to the partaking of unsanctified (flesh)

हिन्दी अर्थ

मत्वादयश्र ये शिष्टा ये मया प्रागुदीरिताः । ते: शिष्टेश्ररितो धर्म: सम्यगेव युगे युगे.. . त्रयी बार्ता दण्डनीतिरिज्या वर्णाश्रमस्तथा । शिष्टराचयंते यस्मान्मेंनुना व पुनः पुनः ॥

English

To Vasistha who was watching, it was very surprising. By the favour of Visvamitra, Tnsanku shines in heaven with great brilliance in the company of Devas. It is the result of the blessing of that intelligent one. A beautiful woman bedecked by the moon in the season Hemanta proceeds slowly. She is embellished by the three Bhavas and adorned by the heavenly body—a planet (called) TriSanku. Satyarata hailing from the Kekaya family was his wife. She gave birth to a son, HariScandra, the sinless. That king Hariscmdra was well known as Traisankava (son of Trisanku). He was renowned as an emperor and a performer of Rajasuya sacrifice. Hari&jandra's son was Rohita, the powerful. Harita, wasRohita's son. Cancu is called Harita (son of Harita). Vijaya and Sudeva were the sons of Cancu. Since he was the conqueror of all Ksatriyas, he is remembered as Vijaya. Ruruka was his son. He was a king, a great expert in matters pertaining to religion and wealth. Hrtaka (or Dhrtaka) was the son of Ruruka and Bahu was born of him. The king (viz. Bahu) who was addicted to vice was Even in that righteous Satyayuga that king was not very virtuous. Sagara was born as the son of Bahu. He was bom with a body containing poison in the hermitage of Bhrgu. He was saved by Turva (Aurva). After obtaining the missile pertaining to Fire-god from Bhargava, the king Sagara went over the whole of the earth and killed Talajanghas along with Haihayas. The unerring king repudiated the Dharma (code of Plow was the king Sagara (Sa-gara) born with poison (inside)? Why did the infuriated unerring.king repudi¬ ate the traditional holy rites of those powerful Ksatriyas such as the Sakas and others? These five clans, viz. Yavanas, Paradas, Kambojas, Pahlavas, (and Sakas) attacked him. His kingdom was plundered and taken by these powerful leading Ksatriyas. King Bahu whose realm was seized, renounced the world. Accompanied by his wife the righteous- souled king entered the forest and performed penance.

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्रत्यद्भानि च वक्ष्यामि धर्मस्येह तु लक्षणम् द द द रे६ दृष्द्वा प्रमुतमर्थ यः पृष्टो वे न निगृहति । यथा भुतप्रवादस्तु इत्येतत्सत्यलक्षणस् है ब्रह्मचर्थ जपो मौन निराहारत्वमेव च। इत्येतत्तपसो मल सुधोरं तददुरासदम् ४ १ पशुनां द्रव्यहृविषामक्सामयजुषां तथा । ऋत्विजां दंक्षिणानां च संयोगो यज्ञ उच्यते

English

After some time the king once went to fetch water. Due to advancing years and weakness he died midway. His wife Yadavl who was pregnant then, followed him. Poison had been administered to her by her co-wife with a desire to kill the foetus. She prepared the funeral pyre of her husband, got him placed and lit it and was (about) to enter into the fire, In his urVa.fiministercd) poison. Thus she gave (child) alongh the: | t P Being harassed and victimised by the heroic and noble-souled Sagara, all of them desirous of protection sought Remembering his own vow and on hearing the words of his preceptor, Sagara put an end to their traditional rites of worship and made them change their dress and apparel. 1 He got half of the heads of Sakas shaved and released them. He got the heads of Yavanas and Kambojas comp¬ Paradas were compelled to keep their hair dis¬ hevelled and Pahlavas were made to grow their beards. They were debarred from Vedic study and the use of Va$afkara by that noble-souled king. Sakas, Yavanas, Kambojas, Pahlavas, Paradas, Kelisparsas, Mahisikas, Darvas, Colas and Khasas—all these were clans of Ksatriyas. Their traditional religious rites were prohibited by the noble-souled Sagara at the instance of Vasi$tha. Conducting his conquests righteously, the king con¬ quered the earth and took initiation for the performance of a horse-sacrifice. He let loose the horse. As it was being taken round, it was stolen near the shore of the south-eastern sea and made to enter beneath the earth. The king made all his sons to dig the whole area. Then ultimately, in the great ocean, they met with the primordial Being, Lord Visnu, Lord Hari, K r sna, the Lord of subjects, Lord Hamsa, Lord Narayana, in the form of Kapila. They came within the range of the vision of that brilliant being. Then all those sons (ofSagara) were burnt and four of them survived. They were Barhiketu, Suketu, Dharmarata and the heroic Pancavana. All these continued the lineage of the lord (Sagara).

हिन्दी अर्थ

मर्यादा व्यवस्था स्थापना के लिए शेष रह जाती है, उन्हें ही वास्तव में शिष्ट कट्दा जाता है। मनु प्रभूति : जिन शिष्ट महानुभावों का वर्णन मैं अभी-अभी थोड़ी देर पहिले कर चुका हूं, उन्हीं लोगों द्वारा प्रत्येक युगों में भली तरह आचरण किया गया धर्म भौत तथा स्मात॑ के नाम से प्रसिद्ध है।३३-३५। त्रयीवार्ता दण्डनीति, यज्ञाराधन, वर्णाश्रम व्यवस्था--इन सब का यतः मनु और पृबंकालीन शिष्ट ऋषिगण आचरण करते हैं, और बहुत दिनों से उनकी परम्परा अक्षुण्ण चली आती है, अतः वही शाश्वत ( सर्वदा वतंमान रहने वाला ) शिष्टाचार है। दान, सत्य, तपस्या, लोभनिवत्ति, विद्याध्ययन, यज्ञाराधन. सन्तानोत्पत्ति और दया--ये आठ शिष्टों के आचरण शिष्ठाचार के लक्षण हैं। यतः सभी मन्वन्तरों में मनु, सप्तर्षि तथा शिष्ट लोग इन धर्मों का पालन करते है अतः इन्हें दशिष्टाचार कहते हैं। इन धर्मों को श्रवण (सुनने) द्वारा ज्ञात होने के कारण

English

Lord Hari, Narayana granted him boons such as the everlasting nature of his race, the benefit of a hundred horse-sacrifices, the all-pervading Samudra (ocean) as the son and perpetual residence in heaven. Taking the horse with him, the ocean, the lord of rivers, came there and bowed to him. On account of that action he earned the title of "Sagara" (born ofSagara). After regaining the horse from the ocean the king performed horse-sacrifices again and again making up the total of one hundred. We have heard (it reported) that there were sixty thousand sons. Those sixty thousand sons were burnt. Those noble-souled sixty thousand sons entered (merged in) the divine brilliance of Narayana. By what means did the sixty thousand sons of Sagara become powerful and valorous? Please narrate. Sagara had two wives. By means of penance they had burnt all their sins. The elder of them named Ke$Ini was the daughter of Vidarbha. Sumati, the sister of Suparna, accepted the boon of sixty thousand sons from the noble-souled sage, in accordance After some time the elder wife gave birth to the Sumati, the famous lady, gave birth to a gourd-like foetus. From the gourd-like foetus all the sixty thousand sons came out. The king caused (pieces of) the foetus to be depo¬ sited in (sixty thousand) jars of ghee and engaged as many nurses to look after them individually. Then, In the course of nine months, they grew well and came out of them (jars) hale and hearty; those blessed sons heightened the pleasure of Sagara. After a long time those sixty thousand sons (of Sagara) attained youth. Of those who (later) (closely) followed the horse (of Asvamedha) the eldest son of Sagara was a tiger among men. The powerful one was famous as Asamanja, otherwise known as Barhiketu. Since he was engaged in activities against the interest of the citizens, he was banished by his father at the very outset. The son of Asamanja was the powerful Amsuman. His son was a virtuous soul. He was well-known by the name of Dilipa. From Dillpa was born Bhagiratha, a hero of great splendour.

हिन्दी अर्थ

श्रोत और स्मरण द्वारा ज्ञात होने के कारण स्मातें जानना चाहिए। इनमें यज्ञाराधन वेदाध्ययन प्रभृति घर कार्यों को श्रौत और ब्राह्मणादि चारों वर्ण एवं गृहस्थाश्रम प्रभृति चारों आश्रमों के अनुकूल किये जाने वाले धर्म कार्यों को स्मातें जानना चाहिए । अब मैं धर्म के प्रत्येक अंगों के लक्षण एवं उनकी व्याख्या कर॑ रहा हूं ३६-३६। जो व्यक्ति घटित घटना को देखकर पूछे जाने पर कुछ भी नहीं छिपाता और वास्तविक

English

Ganga, the most excellent of rivers, rendered beauti¬ ful with aerial chariots, was (brought here in this world) by him. She was given the status of a daughter by the (king), the "Bhaglratha brought down Ganga by means of his active endeavour. Hence Ganga is called Bhaglrathl by those who are the foremost ones among those conversant with genealogies (of kings)." Bhaglratha s son was Sruta by name. His successor was Nabhaga. He was always engaged in religious activities. Ambarisa was his son. Sindhudvlpa succeeded him. It is well-known that the knowers of the Purana of genealogies sing thus: "Protected by the arms of Ambarisa, son of Nabhaga, the earth became completely free from three types of Tapa (distress)". Ayutayu, the powerful, was the son of Sindhudvlpa. Rtuparna of great fame was the successor of Ayutayu. He was the knower of the divine Aksahrdaya Mantra (the Mantra with which people become sure winners at the game of dice). He was a powerful king and a friend to Nala. One of them was the son of Virasena and the other a leading member of the Iksvaku race. Rtuparna's son was Sarvakama who was lord of the people. King Sudasa was his son. He was Hamsamukha (one with the face of a swan) 2. Sudasa's son was the king Saudasa. He was well-known by the names of Kalmasapada and Mitrasaha. Vasistha, of great brilliance, begot of Kalma- sapada's wife the son Asmaka, for the purpose of making the line of Iksvaku flourish (and perpetuate). Urakama was the son of Asmaka and his son was Mulaka. As regards King Mulaka, they cite the following (verse). The text: Ijanena samudrddvai is obscure and gives an awkward meaning, especially of samudrat. Bd. P. v.167: ihanM sureSSd vai etc. 'was brought The heroic Rama, the knower of Dharmas, well-known After killing Lavana, the son of Madhu, Satrughna entered his Madhuvana and founded die city of Mathura there.

हिन्दी अर्थ

बात को ज्यों का त्यों प्रकट कर देता है, उसके इस व्यवहार को सत्य कहा गया है। ब्रह्मचर्य, जप, मौन, और निराहार--ये अति कठिन तथा दुर्लभ तपस्या के मूल हैं। पशु, द्रव्य हवनीय पदार्थ ऋक, साम, और यजुववेद के मंत्र, पुरोहित और दक्षिणा---इन सबके संयोग का नाम यज्ञ कहा जाता है। हित एवं अहित करने वाले सभी प्रकार के जीवों में अपने समान दृष्टि रखना दया का लक्षण कहा गया है ।४००४३। :: ४७८ वायुपुराणम् ।

English

Angada and Candraketu were the sons of Laksmana. Their territories at the border of mountain Himalaya were very prosperous and flourishing. Angadiya, the capital city of Angada, was in the land Karapatha. 1 Candravakfra, the city of the mighty Candraketu, was very auspicious. Tak?a and Puskara were the heroic sons of Bharata. Modem Karabagh or Baghan on the west bank of the Indus, at the foot of salt range called Niti hill in the Bannu district (cf. RaghuvamJa. XV-90). The beautiful city of Tak§a, viz. Takasila 1 is renowned in all the quarters. Puskaravati, 2 the city of the heroic Puskara, is also well-known. The people who know the Puranas sing this Gatha (laudatory verse): "All the principles are fettered to (con¬ centrated in) intelligent Rama due to his greatness." Rama was a dark-complexioned, youthful, red-eyed, bright-faced hero with arms extending upto the knees. With a smiling face and leonine shoulders, that mighty-armed (one) uttered only measured words. Rama reigned for ten thousand years. The sound of the chanting of Rk, Saman and Yajur Mantras and the twanging of his bow string were always heard. Proceeding in search of Slta, that renowned leader of men killed the (demon) of the family of Pulastya, who had committed sins before. Rama, son of Dasaratha, was brilliant with his own splendour. He possessed Sattvic qualities. He was richly endowed with good attributes. He surpassed even the Sun and the blazing fire in brilliance. Thus the mighty-armed scion of the family of Iksvaku killed Ravana along with all of his followers and then went back to Heaven. Srirama's son was called Kusa, He had another son Lava of great prowess. Understand (the names of) their realms. According to VR. VII. 101.10-15 it was founded by Bharata. Probably the same as 'Poukelaotes* mentioned by Greeks as being sacked by Alexander the great. De ( ) identifies it with Charsaddah eighteen miles north of Peshawar, on the Landi near its junction with the Kabul river. Modem Nasik or Paficavafi in Maharashtra.

हिन्दी अर्थ

आक्रुष्टो5भिहतो वा5पि ना5क्रोशेद्यो न हन्ति वा। ताइ-मनःकर्म भिः क्षान्तिस्तितिक्षेषा क्षमा स्मृता ॥

English

Ahlnagu's successor was Pariyatra of great fame. His son was Dala and from him was born the king Bala. Bala's son was a pious-souled (king) Auhka 2 by name. His son was Vajranabha whose son was Sarikhana. Sankhana's son Dhyusitasva was a renowned scholar. King Visvasaha was the son of Dhyusitasva. Hiranyanabha belonged to Kosala. His son was Vasistha. He was remembered as the disciple of the grandson of Jaimini in all auspicious rites. He had studied five hundred Vedic Samhitas. 3 The Yoga philosophy was learned from him by the intelligent Yajfiavalkya. Pusya, his son, was a great scholar. His son was Dhruvasandhi. Sudarana was his son and Agnivarna was born of Sudarsana. Agnivarna's son was Slghra and Manu (Maru in Bd. P.) is remembered as the son of Slghraka. Manu adopted Dc(p. Ill) identifies it with Ujjain but our text locates it on the ridges of the Vindhya mountain. 'Uluka* as per Bd. P.v. 205. Pargiter, in the list of kings of Ayodhya, calls him'Uktha* ( A1HT\ ). Bd.P. v. 207 states that Pausyaiiji was his teacher in Sama Veda. Pau?yanji, a disciple of Sukarman, taught 500 branches of the Sama Veda. Manu'ssonwas Prasusruta. His son was Susandhi. Susandhi's son was A-marsa, otherwise known by the name Sahasvan. Sahasvan's son was the king known by the name ViSrutavan. Visrutavan's son was the king Brhadbala. These are the mostly remembered kings, the successors of Iksvaku. The most important members of the race have been enumerated here. One who reads well this creation of Vivasvan, the son of Aditi, becomes endowed with progeny. He attains identity with Vaivasvata Manu, lord Sraddha-Deva who bestows prosperity on the subjects. He becomes free from sins and Rajasic qualities. He becomes long-lived and does not swerve from the righteous path.