Adhyaya 122

हिन्दी अर्थ

लगा। पुनः उसने प्रलयकालीन अग्निके समान एक विकराल बाण लेकर बड़ी शीघ्रतासे सुन्दर भुजावाले इन्द्रको छातीपर प्रहार किया। उस आघातसे रथके पिछले भागमें बैठे हुए महेन्द्र भी काँप उठे। पुनः अन्तरिक्षमें हजारों सूर्य-बिम्बकी तरह उद्दीप्त होते हुए अद्भुत पराक्रमी विष्णुको देखकर उस दानवे अनायास ही दो बाणोंसे उनके कंधोंके मूलभागपर ऐसी गहरी चोट की, जिससे केशवका शार्ङ्गधनुष उनके आगे गिर पड़ा। तत्पश्चात् अजेय हैत्यराज तारकने रणभूमिमें प्रेतनाथ यम तथा उनके दाहिने भागमें स्थित वसुको कुछ भी न गिनते हुए उन्हें बाणोंसे बींध दिया और अग्नि-सदृश दाहक बाणोंसे

English

the Kali age, during which mou delight in sin, lnvat'.o tho W't>rld» So long jw ho continued to touch the eaith with his holy feet; so long tho KaJi ago was unable to subduo the world.

हिन्दी अर्थ

वरुणके शरीरको सुखा दिया तथा शीघ्र ही अग्नि- सदृश बाणोंसे राक्षसोंको भयभीत कर दिशाओंमें खदेड़ दिया। इसी प्रकार उस असुरराजने खेल-ही-खेलमें चकारानिलं लीलयैवासुरेशः॥ १८८ रूखे बाणोंके आघातसे वायुदेवको भी विकृत कर दिया।

English

** When the seven Hisis wore in i\fagha, Iho Kali age, comprising 1*200 [divine] yoars began; and when, from MaghA, they siiall reach Purvaslifid'ha, thou will this Kali ago attain its growth under Nanda and his snccosstirs."

हिन्दी अर्थ

क्षणाल्लब्धचित्ताः स्वयं विष्णुशक्रा- प्रचण्डेन हैत्येन सार्ध महासङ्गरं सङ्गरग्रासकल्पम् ईनत्सारथिं हैत्यराजस्य हृद्यम्। ध्वजं धूमकेतुः किरीटं महेन्द्रो धनेशो धनुः काञ्चनानद्धपृष्ठम्।

English

The commentator Srid'hara Swami remarks, tfiat I ho coiiHtellation, coiiHistrng of seven sinrs, is in the form of a whe'ded carri.ig'. Marichi, ho observes, is at tho extremity; and next to him. Va.'si.vt ha, in tho ar.*hed part of tin? yoke; and beyond him Angiras: next to w hiun arc four stars in a i|iiaclrangl«»: Atri at the northeast corner; sontli of him, Ihtbistya; next to whom is Pulalia; ami KraMi is nortli of tho last. Such being their relative position, <lio two stars, w'hich rise firsl, are Pulaha and Kratii; and whichever aHt(?rism, is in a line south from tli« middle of those stars, is that with which tho sovon Risis are united; and they so roinain for 100 years.

हिन्दी अर्थ

हैत्यनाथः कृतं संख्ये स्वबाहुयुगबान्धवः मुमोच मुद्ररं भीमं सहस्त्राक्षाय सङ्करे दृष्ट्रा मुदूरमायान्तमनिवार्यमथाम्बरे

English

?i?r 5RT!T ii

हिन्दी अर्थ

गृहीत्वा पद्टिशं हैत्यो जघानोरसि केशवम् खड्गेन राक्षसेन्द्रस्य निचकर्त च वाहनम् यमं च पातयामास भूमौ हैत्यो भुशुण्डिना। वह्निं च भिन्दिपालेन ताडयामास मूर्धनि

English

In Shakadvipa and the other continents, each of the three divisions has seven mountain ranges. Straight and far-extending, they are set toward every direction and mark the boundaries of the regions.

हिन्दी अर्थ

धनेशं च धनुष्कोट्या कुट्टयामास कोपनः ततो देवनिकायानामेकैकं समरे ततः। जघानास्त्रैरसंख्येयैैत्येन्द्रोऽमितविक्रमः

English

According to a di/fen*nt reading noti(*od by tho commentator, tho concluding bemistich signifies "they constantly rise in the uorlh-cawt; together with Anuid'hati/'

हिन्दी अर्थ

लब्धसंज्ञः क्षणाद् विष्णुश्चक्रं जग्राह दुर्धरम्। दानवेन्द्रवसासिक्तं पिशिताशनकोन्मुखम् मुमोच दानवेन्द्रस्य दृढं वक्षसि केशवः। पपात चक्रं हैत्यस्य हृदये भास्करद्युति व्यशीर्यत ततः काये नीलोत्पलमिवाश्मनि। ततो वज्रं महेन्द्रस्तु प्रमुमोचार्चितं चिरम्

English

t Book 12. 0.2.

हिन्दी अर्थ

थोड़ी देर बाद चेतना प्राप्त होनेपर स्वयं भगवान् विष्णु, इन्द्र, अग्नि आदि देवगण सुसंगठित होकर तीखे बाणोंद्वारा उस प्रचण्ड हैत्यके साथ विषके ग्रासके समान भीषण संग्राम करने लगे। उस समय श्रीहरिने अपने धनुषपर प्रत्यञ्चा चढ़ाकर तीखे बाणोंद्वारा हैत्यराजके प्रिय सारथिको यमलोकका पथिक बना दिया। पुनः अग्निने उसके ध्वजको, महेन्द्रने किरीटको, कुबेरने पृष्ठभागपर स्वर्णजटित धनुषको, यमने भुजाओंको और वायुने रथाङ्गों तथा उस

English

PAUHAVIK CnPONOLOOY.

हिन्दी अर्थ

असुरराजके कवचको भी काट गिराया तदनन्तर अपनी दोनों भुजाएँ ही जिसकी सहायक थीं, उस हैत्यराज तारकने युद्धस्थलमें देवताओंद्वारा किये गये उस युद्ध और उनके सत्य पराक्रमको देखकर रणभूमिमें इन्द्रके ऊपर अपना भयंकर मुद्र चला दिया। उस अनिवार्य मुदूरको आकाशमार्गसे आते हुए देखकर इन्द्र रथसे कूदकर पृथ्वीपर खड़े हो गये और वह मुद्र कठोर शब्द करता हुआ रथके पिछले भागपर जा गिरा। उसने रथको तो चूर्ण कर दिया, पर

English

A similar passage is found in the Vinn PnranS,* and a similar exposition of it is given by tho commentator, Ratnagarbha: but the period, tbore stated to elapse between tho birth of Pariksit and the inaugaration of Nanda, is 1016 yoars only.

हिन्दी अर्थ

मातलिके प्राण बच गये। फिर उस हैत्यने पट्टिश लेकर केशवकी छातीपर आघात किया, जिससे वे भी चेतनारहित होकर गरुडके कंधेपर लुढ़क गये। पुनः उस हैत्यने तलवारसे राक्षसराज निर्ऋृतिके वाहनको काट डाला, भुशुण्डिके प्रहारसे यमराजको धराशायी कर दिया, भिन्दिपालसे अग्निके मस्तकपर चोट की, वायुको दोनों हाथोंसे उठाकर भूतलपर पटक दिया और कुपित होकर कुबेरको धनुषके सिरेसे कूट डाला। तदुपरान्त

English

from tho birth of Pariksit to tho inauguration of Mahftpadina; and the seven Rishis are stated as being in a lino with the constellation saorod to Are (that is Krittika), 836 years lator, in tho time of tho Andhra kings.

हिन्दी अर्थ

उस अनृपम पराक्रमी हैत्यराजने समर भूमिमें देवसमूहोंमेंसे प्रत्येकपर असंख्य अ्त्रोंसे प्रहार किया ॥१९१--१९८॥ तत्पश्चात् क्षणभर बाद चेतना प्राप्त होनेपर भगवान् विष्णुने अपने दुर्धर्ष चक्रको, जो दानवेन्द्रोंकी मज्जासे अभिषिक्त तथा मांसभोजी असुरोंका संहार करनेके लिये उन्मुख था, हाथमें लिया। फिर केशवने उसे सुदूढरूपसे दानवराजके वक्षःस्थलपर छोड़ दिया। वह सूर्यके समान तेजस्वी चक्र हैत्यके हृदयपर जा गिरा, किंतु उसके शरीरपर गिरते ही बह इस प्रकार टूट-फूट गया, जैसे पत्थरपर गिरा हुआ नीला कमल छिन्न-भिन्न हो जाता है।

English

In tho Brahma sidd'hftnta of 8&kalya, denominated from its reputed author, SAkalya sanhitft, the supposed motion of the seven Hisis is thus noticed t: ** At the commencement of the yaga, Kratu was near tho star sacred to Visnn (SravanA), at the boginning of tho astorism. Three degrees east of him, was Piilaha; and Pulastya, at ton dogroes from this; Atri followed at three degrees from the last; and Angiras, at eight degrees from him; next came Yasi'ha, at the distance of seven degrees; aud* lastly Marichi at ton. Their motion is eight liptas (minutes) in a year. Their distances from the ecliptic, north, were respectively 65®, 60®, 60®, 66®, 57®, 60® and 60®. For, moving in tho north into different positions, tho sages employ 5700 yoars in revolving through the assemblage of asterisois: and hence their positions may be easily known at any particular time."

हिन्दी अर्थ

व्यशीर्यत विकीर्णाचिः शतधा खण्डतां गतम्। विनाशमगमन्मुक्तं वायुनासुरवक्षसि महीधरं तमायान्तं हैत्यः स्मितमुखस्तदा। जग्राह वामहस्तेन बालकन्दुकलीलया

English

Lalla, cited by Mnniswara in his gloss on tho Siromani, says: " If the number of yoars of the Kali ago, less fourteen, be divided by 100, the quotient, as the wise declare, shows tho astorisms traversed by Marichi and other colostial sages, beginning from the astorism of Viriiichi (BrahmA).

हिन्दी अर्थ

हैत्येन्द्रं मूर्धि चिक्षेप भ्राम्य वेगेन दुर्जयः सोऽसुरस्यापतन्मूर्धिनि हैत्यस्तं च न बुद्धवान्। 'कल्पान्तदहनालोकामजय्यां ज्चलनस्ततः ततः खड्गं समाकृष्य कोपादाकाशनिर्मलम्। भासितासितदिग्भागं लोकपालोऽपि निर्क्रति:

English

ITcro Lalla is generally understood to moan Rohini, which is sacred to PrajApati (or Brahmfi). But Muniswara has remarked, in auathor place, that Lalla may intend Abhijit which is sacred to VuVhi or Brahma; and consequently may mean 8ravanA, of which Abhijit forms a part: and thus Lalla and SAkalya may be reconciled.

हिन्दी अर्थ

मुमोच पाशं हैत्यस्य भुजबन्धाभिलाषकः स हैत्यभुजमासाद्य सर्पः सद्यो व्यपद्यत। स्फुटितक्रकचक्रूरदशनालिर्महाहनुः

English

Most of the commentators on the b'urya sidd'liAnta and Siromani are silent on the subject of the seven Riis. But Nrisinha, in bis VArtika to the VAsanii BhAsya,. or gloss on the Siromani, quotes and expounds the SAkalya SanhitA. and rejects VarAUa's rule of computation, as disagreeing with PurAnas. Mnniswarn, in his commentary on the Siromani, cites some of the passages above noticed, and remarks, that BhAskara has omitted this topic on account of contradictory opii*ions concerning it, and because it is of no groat use,

हिन्दी अर्थ

जघुर्हैत्येश्वरं सर्वे सम्भूय सुमहाबलाः। न चास्त्राण्यस्य सज्जन्त गात्रे वज्राचलोपमे ततो रथादवप्लुत्य तारको दानवाधिपः। जघान कोटिशो देवान् करपारष्णिभिरेव च तदुपरान्त महेन्द्रने अपने चिरकालसे अरित वज्रको छोड़ा, जिसपर उन्हें इस दानवराजके साथ युद्धमें विजयकी पूरी आशा थी, परंतु वह पराक्रमशाली तारकके शरीरसे टकराकर चिनगारियाँ बिखेरता हुआ सैकड़ों टुकड़ोंमें

English

Tho same author, in his own compilation entitled Sidd'hanta SArvabhauraa, has entered more fully into this subject. Ho observes, that tho seven Risis are not, like other stars, attached by spikes to the solid ring of the ecliptick, but revolve in small circles round tho northern polo of tho ecliptic, moving by tholr own power in the ctliorial sphere abovo Saturn, but bolo the sphere of tho stars. Ho places the Risis ill tho same ret.ative positions, which SAkAlya had assigned to them; states in other terms tho same distancos from the ecliptic, and tho same animal motion; and directs their place to bo computed by deducting 600 from the years of the Kali age, doubling the remainder and dividing by fifteen: tho quoMont, in degrees, is divided by 30, to reduce it into signs. Muniswara supports this mode of calculation on the autJiority of FtAkalya, against VarAhamiliira and Lalla; and alllrins, that it agrees with tho phenomena, as observable at the period of his compilation. It appears, however, to be a correction of bdkalya's rule,

हिन्दी अर्थ

तितर-बितर हो गया। फिर वायुने उस असुरके वक्षःस्थलपर अग्निके समान तेजस्वी प्रज्वलित अंकुश फेंका, किंतु वह भी वज्रकी ही भाँति विनष्ट हो गया। इस प्रकार युद्धभूमिमें अपने अंकुशको विनष्ट हुआ देखकर वायुने क्रुद्ध हो खिले हुए वृक्षों एवं कन्दराओंसे युक्त एक विशाल पर्वतको उखाड़ लिया, जो पाँच योजनमें विस्तृत था। फिर उसे दानवराजपर फेंक दिया। उस समय उस पर्वतको आते हुए देखकर हैत्यने

English

KamalAkara, in tho Tatwavivoka, notices the opinion delivered in the Sldd*hanta Sarva- bhauma;but observes, that no such motion of tho stars is perceptible. Remarking,

हिन्दी अर्थ

मुसकराते हुए बालकोंकी गेंदक्रीडाके समान उसे बायें हाथसे पकड़ लिया। तदनन्तर अत्यन्त कुपित हुए दुर्जय यमराजने अपना दण्ड उठाया और उसे वेगपूर्वक घुमाकर हैत्येन्द्रे मस्तकपर फेंक दिया। वह दण्ड असुरके मस्तकपर गिरा तो अवश्य, परंतु हैत्यको उसका कुछ भी ज्ञान न हुआ॥१९९-२०७ डे ॥ तदुपरान्त अग्निने युद्धभूमिमें दानवेन्द्रपर अपनी शक्ति छोड़ी, जो प्रलयकालीन अग्निके समान तेजस्विनी, अजेय और दुर्धर्ष थी, किंतु वह उसके वक्षःस्थलपर नवीन शिरीष-पुष्पोंकी मालाकी तरह सुशोभित हुई। तत्पश्चात् लोकपाल निर्त्रश्‍तिने भी अपने आकाशके समान निर्मल एवं समस्त दिशाओंको उद्भासित करनेवाले

English

r r — n m 1 — — ■ ■ ■ ■ -

हिन्दी अर्थ

खड्गको म्यानसे खींचकर उस दानवेन्द्रपर चला दिया और वह उसके मस्तकपर जा गिरा, परंतु गिरते ही वह खड्ग शीघ्र ही सैकड़ों टुकड़ोंमें चूर-चूर हो गया। इसके बाद वरुणने उस हैत्यकी भुजाओंको बाँध देनेकी अभिलाषासे अपना दुर्धर्ष तथा विष एवं अग्निके समान भयंकर पाश फेंका, किंतु वह सर्प-पाश हैत्यकी भुजापर पहुँचकर तुरंत ही नष्ट हो गया, उसकी आरेके समान क्रूर दन्तपङ्कि तथा विशाल ठुड़ी टूट-फूटकर नष्ट हो गयी। तदनन्तर

English

* Part 4. Ch. 23. ▼. 82. Ac.

हिन्दी अर्थ

राक्षस, गन्धर्व-ये सभी महाबली देवगण हाथोंमें नाना प्रकारके दिव्यारत्र धारण कर एक साथ उस हैत्यराजपर प्रहार करने लगे, परंतु वज्र एवं पर्वत-सरीखे उसके शरीरपर उन अखोंका कोई प्रभाव न पड़ा तत्पश्चात् दानवराज तारकने रथसे कूदकर घूँसों एवं पैरोंकी ठोकरोंसे करोड़ों देवताओंका कचूमर निकाल हतशेषाणि सैन्यानि देवानां विप्रदुद्रुवुः । दिया। मरनेसे बचे हुए देवताओंके सैनिकसमूह भयभीत दिशो भीतानि संत्यज्य रणोपकरणानि तु॥ २९७ हो युद्ध-सामग्रियोंका त्याग कर चारों दिशाओंमें भाग लो याती सतो खड़े हुए। तब उस हैत्यने रणभूमिमें केशवसहित इन्द्र लोकपालांस्ततो हैत्यो बबन्थेन्द्रमुखान् रणे। आदि सभी लोकपालोंको सुदृढ़ पाशसे उसी प्रकार

English

i Prasna 2. ch, 2,

हिन्दी अर्थ

सकेशवान् दृढैः पाशैः पशुमारः पशूनिव॥ २१८ बाँध लिया, जैसे कसाई पशुओंको बाँध लेता है। फिर स भूयो रथमास्थाय जगाम स्वकमालयम्। वह रथपर बैठकर अपने उस निवासस्थानकी ओर चल साति लाचलयसतक पड़ा, जो सिद्धों एवं गन्धर्वोसे सेवित एक विशाल सिद्धगन्धर्वसंघुष्टविपुलाचलमस्तकम् ॥ २१९ पर्वतके शिखरपर अवस्थित था। उस समय उसके स्तूयमानो दितिसुतैरप्सरोभिर्विनोदितः । मनोरञ्जनके लिये हैत्यगण एवं अप्सराएँ उसकी स्तुति , कर रही थीं। उस देशमें त्रिलोकीकी लक्ष्मी इस प्रकार

English

APPENDIX VIIL

हिन्दी अर्थ

तरैलोक्यलक्ष्मीस्तददेशे प्राविशत् स्वपुरं यथा॥ २२० प्रविष्ट हो रही थी मानो अपने नगरमें जा रही हो। वहाँ निषसादासने पदारागरत्नविनिर्मिते। पहुँचकर वह पद्मराग मणि एवं रत्नोंसे बने हुए सिंहासनपर विराजमान हुआ। तब किंनर, गन्धर्व और नागोंकी स््त्रयाँ ततः किन्नरगन्धर्वनागनारीविनोदितैः । उसका मनोविनोद करने लगीं। मन बहलाते समय उसके इति श्रीमत्स्ये महापुराणे देवासुरसंग्रामे तारकजयलाभो नाम त्रिपञ्चाशदधिकशततमोऽध्यायः

English

however, that the authority of the Pur&nas and Sanhltas, which affirm their revolution, la incontrovertible, he reconciles faith and experience by saying, that the stars themselves areflxed; but the sovoii Rishis are invisible deities, who perform the stated revolution in the period specified.

हिन्दी अर्थ

इस प्रकार श्रीमत्स्यमहापुराणके देवासुरसंग्राममें तारक-जयलाभ नामक एक सौ तिरपनवाँ अध्याय सम्पूर्ण हुआ तारकके आदेशसे देवताओंकी बन्धन-मुक्ति, देवताओंका ब्रह्माके पास जाना और अपनी विपत्तिगाथा सुनाना, ब्रह्माद्वारा तारक-वधके उपायका वर्णन, रात्रिदेवीका प्रसङ्ग, उनका पार्वतीरूपमें जन्म, काम-दहन और रतिकी प्रार्थना, पार्वतीकी तपस्या, शिवपार्वती-विवाह तथा पार्वतीका वीरकको पुत्ररूपमें स्वीकार करना

English

If Camalftkara's notion be adopted, no difficulty remains: yet it can hardly be supposed, that Yarftharaihira and Lalla intended to describe revolutions of invisible beings. If then it be allowed, that they have attributed to the stars thouisolves an imaginary revolution grounded on an erroneous theory, a probable inference may be thence drawn as to the period when those authors lived, provided one position be conceded: namely, that the rules, stated by them, gave a result not grossly wrong at the respective periods whoa they wroto. Indeed, it can scarcely be supposed, that authors, who, like the celebrated astronomers in question, were not mere compilers and transcribers, should have exhibited rules of computation, which did not approach to the truth, at the very period when they were proposed.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सूत उवाच सूतजी कहते हैं-ऋषियो ! तदनन्तर स्वच्छ नीले प्रादुरासीत् प्रतीहारः शुश्रनीलाम्बुजाम्बरः। कमल-सा वस्त्र धारण किये द्वारपाल तारकके सम्मुख स जानुभ्यां महीं गत्वा पिहितास्यः स्वपाणिना॥ १ उपस्थित हुआ। वह अपने हाथसे मुखको ढके हुए था। उसने घुरनोंके बल पृथ्वीपर माथा टेककर सूर्यसमूहोंके- से उद्दी्त शरीर धारण करनेवाले हैत्येश्वर तारकसे स्वल्प किंतु स्पष्ट शब्दोंमें निवेदन किया--'प्रभो! कालनेमि कालनेमिः सुरान् बद्धांश्चादाय द्वारि तिष्ठति। देवताओंको बंदी बनाकर साथ लिये हुए द्वारपर खड़ा स विज्ञापयति स्थेयं क्व बन्दिभिरिति प्रभो॥ ३ है। वह पूछ रहा है कि इन बंदियोंको कहाँ रखा जाय।' हैतयन्द्रमर्कवृन्दानां बिभ्रतं भास्वरं वपुः

English

If this reasoning be admitted, it would follow, that Varrihamihira composod the Yarahi Banhita about 2800 years after tho period assigned by hiui to tho comineucomont of the reign of Yud'hist'hira, or near the close of tho third century after the expiration of Yud'hist'hira's era, as defined by him. For tho circle of declination passing between Eratu and Piilaha (the two first of tho seven Rishis), and cutting the ecii|)tic only 2** short of tho beginning of MaghU, was the solstitial colure, when tho equinox was near the beginning of, Krittika; and such probably was the reason of that lino being noticed by ancient Hindu astronomers. It agrees with the solistitial coiuro on tho sphere of Eudoxus, as described by Hipparchus * <V similar circle of doellnatiou, passing between the same stars, intersected tho ecliptic at tho beginning of Maglia when the solstitial colure was at the middle of Aslo.ft; and a like circle passed through tho next nstcrism, when the equinox corresponded with the first point of hJnghu. An astronomer of tliat period, if he wore apprized of the position assigned to the same stars by Garg.i reputed to havo been the priest of Krisna and tho Psuulus, might cuiicliido with Var.hainihira, that one revolution had been completed, and that the stars had passed through one Naksatra of the second revolution. In eorwboratioii of this inferonco rospoctiiig the age of Yarahamihira's astrological treatise, it may bo added, that lit' Is cited by nanio in the Panchatantra, the original of the fables of PiJpuy, wdiich woro translated for Nushirv&n more than 1200 years ago.[

हिन्दी अर्थ

पार्वतीखण्ड १-१०, स्कन्दपुराण महेश्वरखण्ड, केदारखण्ड २५-३५, कौमारिकाखण्ड २१-३१, कालिकापुराण ४४-५०, पद्मपुराण सृष्टिखण्ड ३१-३२ आदिमें भी प्राप्त होते हैं। तन्निशम्याब्रवीद् हैत्यः प्रतीहारस्य भाषितम्।

English

Tho theory being wholly unfounded, Varahmihira's rule of computation soon ceased to agree with the phenomena, aud other rules hnvo been successively introduced by different authors, as Lalla, Sakalya and, lastly. Munisw'ara; whoso rule, devised less than two hundred years ago, does not yet gros-Iy liolray its iiisaflicioiicy.

हिन्दी अर्थ

केवलं पाशबन्धेन विमुक्तैरविलम्बितम्। एवं कृते ततो देवा दूयमानेन चेतसा त्वमोंकारोऽस्यङ्कुराय प्रसूतो

English

This ppetendod roviilution of tho stars of Ursa M.ajiir is connected with two remarkable epochs in Indian chronology: the ctminicnocmcnt of t ho Kali yiiga, or sinful,

हिन्दी अर्थ

ह्यण्डादस्मात् त्वं विभागं करोषि देवं विदमस्त्वत्प्रणीतश्चकास्ति । व्यक्तं देवाजन्मनः शाश्वतस्य

English

♦ Hipparchus tells us, that Eudoxus (lr»'w the colure of tho solstices, through tho middle of tho Great Hear; and the middle of Caiicrr; and tho nock of Hydrus; and the star between the poop and mast of Argo; hnd the tail of the South Fish; and through the middle of Capricorn, and of Sagitta; airJ through the nock and right-wing of the Swan; and tho left-hand of Gephous: and that lie drew the oquinoctial coiuro through tho left- hand of Arctophylax; and along the middle of his body; and cross the middle of Chehn; and through tho right-hand and forc-knoo of tho Centaur; and through the flxure of Eridanus and head of Cotus; and the back of Aries across, and through the hoa l and right band of Perseus." Sir I. ffowton's Chronology, §, 29. Hipparch. ad Plilnom in Petavi «AQ ftftniv. AsL. Anc. Costard, p, 136.

हिन्दी अर्थ

व्यालाः केशाः श्रोत्ररन्धा दिशस्ते मायाकारः कारणं त्वं प्रसिद्धो वेहैः शान्तो ज्योतिषा त्वं हि युक्तः

English

PAURAVIK QEmmiOQY.

हिन्दी अर्थ

हृत्पदमान्तःसंनिविष्टं पुराणम्। तस्यां तस्यां गीयसे वै त्वमन्तम्। दृष्टा मूर्ति स्थूलसूक्ष्मां चकार

English

age, in the reign of Yud'hist'hira; and its prevalence, on the failure of the succession of Ksbatria princes, and establishment of a different dynasty, 1015 years after the birth of Paricshit, according to the Vinu Parana; or 1116 years, according to the Bhflgvata; but 1408 years, if a correction, which has been proposed by Srid'hara SwAmi and some other commentators, bo admitted. Tlio subject has been already noticed by Capt. Wiiford ill his essay on VikramAditya; and it is, therefore, unnecessary to enlarge upon it in this place.

हिन्दी अर्थ

द्वारपालके उस कथनको सुनकर हैत्यराजने कहा--' अरे! ये स्वेच्छानुसार कहीं भी स्थित रहें, इन्हें शीघ्र ही केवल बन्धन-मुक्त कर दिया जाय; क्योंकि अब तो तीनों भुवन मेरा गृह है अर्थात् पूरे विश्वपर मेरा ही अधिकार है ।' इस प्रकार बन्धन-मुक्त होनेके पश्चात् देवगण दुःखी चित्तसे जगद्गुरु कमलजन्मा ब्रह्माका दर्शन करनेके लिये उनकी शरणमें गये। वहाँ पहुँचकर उन इन्द्र आदि और उनसे अपनी करुण-कहानी कह सुनायी । तत्पश्चात् वे स्पष्ट अक्षरों एवं अर्थोसे युक्त वचनोंद्वारा ब्रह्माकी स्तुति करने लगे

English

S'RlhA CHANDRA VIDTaRJAYA.

हिन्दी अर्थ

देवगण बोले-सत्त्वमूर्ते! आप ओंकारस्वरूप हैं। आप विश्वकी रचनाके लिये प्रकट सर्वप्रथम अङ्कुर हैं और इस अनन्त भेदोंवाले विश्वके आत्मा अर्थात् मूलस्वरूप हैं । रुद्रमूर्ते ! अन्तमें इस उत्पन्न हुए विश्वका संहार भी आप ही करते हैं, आपको नमस्कार है। आपका स्वरूप अचिन्त्य है। आप अपनी महिमासे अपने शरीरको अपने ही नामसे युक्त अण्ड अर्थात् ब्रह्माण्डके रूपमें प्रकटकर उसी ब्रह्माण्डसे ऊपर एवं

English

APPENDIX IX.

हिन्दी अर्थ

नीचेके दो खण्डोंद्वारा आकाश और पृथ्वीका विभाजन करते हैं। हमलोग स्पष्टरूपसे ऐसा जानते हैं कि मेरुपर्वतपर आपने जो देवादि प्राणियोंकी आयु-सीमा निर्धारित की थी, वही कर्तव्यता आदि आपद्वारा निर्मित विधान अब भी प्रचलित है। देव! यह स्पष्ट है कि आप अजन्मा और अविनाशी हैं। आकाश आपका मस्तक, चन्द्रमा एवं सूर्य आपके नेत्र, सर्प केश, दिशाएँ कानोंके छिद्र, पृथ्वी दोनों चरण और समुद्र नाभिछिद्र हैं। आप मायाके रचयिता तथा जगतूके कारणरूपसे प्रसिद्ध हैं। वेदोंका कहना है कि आप परमज्योतिसे युक्त एवं शान्तस्वरूप हैं

English

paukAnik geography.

हिन्दी अर्थ

विद्वानूलोग आपको वेदार्थोमें खोजते हैं और आपको जानकर अपने हृदयकमलके भीतरी भागमें स्थित पुराणपुरुष बतलाते हैं। योगके ज्ञाता आपको आत्मस्वरूप कहते हैं तथा सांख्यज्ञोंद्वारा जो सात सूक्ष्म मूर्तियाँ निर्मित की गयी हैं तथा उनकी हेतुभूता जो आठवीं कही गयी है, उन सभीके अन्तमें आपकी ही स्थिति मानी गयी है। यह देखकर आपने ही स्थूल एवं सूक्ष्म मूर्तियोंका आविष्कार किया था। किन्हीं अज्ञात

English

Another subject, which the present part treats of, is about /jeopfraphy and cosmography or Bhnvanakoifa. Tho last few chaptera of this part treat exclusively of this subject. If tho literal sense of the verses bo taken, the whole subject is open to the strictures passed upon it by unfriendly critics of Hindu scripiuies. There are certainly no seas of " viilk " or of " honey " and " »cinc '' on this earth, as e.vplorcd by tlie labours of the geographers. No more are there lions and eagles, bears and porpoises, ('hairs and tables in the starry firmament, as revt'aled by the telescope. But astronomer's are never confounded with mythologists when they speak of the c nistolla- tions of the nun and the bull, the crab and the goat, of the fish and the water-jar. May not therefore (lie Hindu Pauraniks be credited with coiuinon- sense, when they speak of the seas of milk and honey, of sugar and wine. May not these be merely technical names of certain seas and ocoaus, like the Red Sea and Black Sea <.f tho modern geograph er.s? The latter are certainly not flowing with blood or with ink. Taking this rational view of the Pauranik geography, Col. Wilford tried to identify llie seas and rivers, more thaua huudre 1 years ago. No doubt someof his idem ificat ions may appear P) be fanciful, but a large mas.s of them weno based upon traditions pre-erved by the Pa'i lits (jf Henares, who conimunicated them to him. Some of his maps pul/lishod iir the volumes of the Asiatic Ro- eearches are reproduced here.

हिन्दी अर्थ

देवैर्भावाः कारणैः कैश्चिदुक्ताः॥ १२ कारणवश देवताओंने उन भावोंका वर्णन किया था। कालोऽमेयो ध्वस्तसंख्याविकल्पः स्त्वं सोऽनन्तस्तस्य कर्तासि चात्मन्।

English

It may be objected, atid rightly objected, that the figures dealing with the size of the earth are pre['o:strou.s. The Hindu astronomers ('er- tiauly knew the true size of the earth, and its diurnal motion on its a.xis, and on its being suspended in spa('o by its own force and that it does not rest on soine mythological tortoise or elephants of (juarters, a.s will appear from the extract from Mr. Colobiookn's essays given cIscwIkto.

हिन्दी अर्थ

स्थूलैस्तैः पुराणैः प्रतीतो देवो भक्तिभाजां शरण्य- स्त्राता गोप्ता नो भवानन्तमूर्तिः

English

But are these figures really prepostroms? Does the word " Earflt " really mean this earth only, or is it not a symbol for tho whole solar system, and do not the vast figure. given in tho Puranas represent the distances between the earth and the other plamds? or, may it not be that the seven dvipas mentioned in tlic Puranas arc, what tho Modern Mystics profess to have seen, the seven spheres wliich surround this earth os a nucleus? One such sphere wo know, namely, the atinosidjoro. Tho other spheres cuDsist of still more rariflod matters, represented by the words " milk "

हिन्दी अर्थ

विरिञ्रिममराः स्तुत्वा ब्रह्माणमविकारिणम्। तस्थुर्मनोभिरिष्टार्थसम्प्रासिप्रार्थनास्ततः नारीवाभर्तृका कस्मात् तनुस्ते त्यक्तभूषणा। न राजते तथा शक्र म्लानवक्त्रशिरोरुहा हुताशन विमुक्तोऽपि न धूमेन विराजसे। भस्मनेव प्रतिच्छन्नो दग्धदावश्चिरोषितः

English

pAURimK owooBAPnr.

हिन्दी अर्थ

यमामयमये नैव शरीरे त्वं विराजसे। दण्डस्यालम्बनेनेव ह्यकृच्छ्स्तु पदे पदे रजनीचरनाथोऽपि किं भीत इव भाषसे। राक्षसेन्द्र क्षताराते त्वमरातिक्षतो यथा

English

and ** honey " " sugar " and " wine," Ac. The spiritualists and mystics affirm the existence of such spheres surrounding our earth, in which dwell beings of different orders of existencoi than those on earth. These beings are certainly not incarnate, like terrestrial beings; but their existence cannot now be denied, after the researches of the Psychical Society, and the writings of scientific men like Crookes and Lodge. Man passes a very large portion of his disincarnate life in these spheres cw dvipas, before his re-birth on earth.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तनुस्ते वरुणोच्छुष्का परीतस्येव वह्निना। विमुक्तरुधिरं पाशं फणिभिः प्रविलोकयन् भवन्तः केन तसिक्षप्तं तेजस्तु भवतामपि वे सभी आदिसृष्टिकि समय आपसे ही प्रकट हुए थे और आपके संकल्पके अनुसार उन्हें पुन: वैसी-वैसी

English

Whenever the Puranas speak of the earth in general terms, it is not always to be taken as co-extensive with the pliysical earth. The latter they always denote<l by the word Bhratavarsa or the region of gravity (" BhArata the same word etymologically as the English word burthen or weight). The other Vardas are spiritual and beyond the region of BhSrata of gravity. It is only Bhfiratavarsa where souls do acquire good or bad karma, and therefore it is called harmdbhumi or the land of responsible actions. The otlier " lands ** are not karmabliumi but bhogabhumi or the land of enjoyment and suffering, where the soul, after death, as a general rule, reaps the fruits of its actions done on earth, and where it does not generate any new karmas. When the force of the accumulated karmas is exhausted, the soul falls down from the higher regions to gather a fresh store of karmas on earth. In this mystic view, the 4vetadvipa or the White Island is the highest sphere, or the seventh heaven, where the Lord himself dwells, and which the purest souls only can reach.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अप्रमेय कालस्वरूप एवं कल्पित संख्यासे अतीत हैं। आप भाव और अभावकी उत्पत्ति और संहारके कारण हैं। आत्मस्वरूप भगवन्! आप अनन्त विश्व-ब्रह्माण्डके कर्ता हैं। अन्यान्य जितने सूक्ष्म, स्थूल तथा उनको भी ढकनेवाले अर्थात् उनसे उत्कृष्ट भाव हैं, उनके द्वारा भी आपका गुणगान किया गया है। उनसे बढ़कर जो स्थूल एवं प्राचीन हैं, उनके द्वारा भी आप जाने गये हैं। आप उन्नतिशीलोंके भूत एवं भविष्य-रूप हैं। आप प्रत्येक

English

As regards the ordinary Bh&ratavarsa, it certainly means India, and its mountains and rivers, as given in the Puranas have been ably identi- fied, to a very large extent, in his edition of the Markadeya Purina, by Mr. Pargiter to whom the Hindu community is deeply indebted for his sympathetic treatment of the Purfinas.

हिन्दी अर्थ

भावमें अनृप्रविष्ट होकर व्यक्त होते हैं और व्यक्तिभावका निरसन कर उसमें अवस्थित रहते हें । इस प्रकार अनन्त मूर्ति धारण करनेवाले देवाधिदेव! आप हम भक्तजनेकि इस प्रकार देवगण अविकारी ब्रह्माकी स्तुति करके मनमें अभीष्ट प्रयोजनको सिद्धिके लिये प्रार्थना करते हुए खड़े रहे। देवताओंद्वारा इस प्रकार स्तुति किये जानेपर ब्रह्मा परम प्रसन्न हुए और अपने वरदायक बायें हाथसे देवताओंको निर्देश करते हुए बोले

English

The attention of the readers may also be drawn to the Theory of Great Men as expounded by the Pur&nas and Hindu law-books as Yfijna- valkya Bmpiti. The modern view is that great men and geniuses are products of their age; but opposed to this is the Paiiranic theory that these are the creators of their age. All great men have been divided by the Pur&nas into two great classes, men of actions and men of contempla- tion, grihamedhins and urddharetas, men who look upon their family life as a sacred duty done for the sake of humanity, and the celibates who devote the whole of their physical life to the uplift of humanity in different sphere of activity. The number of these souls, whether householder or celibates, is limited. They are 88,000 in number in each class. They

हिन्दी अर्थ

ब्रह्माजीने कहा--इन्द्र! भूषणोंसे रहित तथा मलिन मुख एवं बालोंसे युक्त तुम्हारा शरीर पतिविहीना स्त्रीको तरह शोभा नहीं पा रहा है। हुताशन! धूमसे रहित होनेपर भी तुम्हारी शोभा नहीं हो रही है। ऐसा प्रतीत होता है मानो तुम चिरकालसे जलकर शान्त हो गये हो और राखसे ढक गये हो। यमराज! इस रोगी शरीरमें तुम्हारी शोभा नहीं हो रही है। ऐसा ज्ञात होता है, मानो तुम पग- पगपर कठिनाईका अनुभव करते हुए कालदण्डके सहारे

English

xcvi APPmUDlXlX.

हिन्दी अर्थ

चल रहे हो। राक्षसेन्द्र निरृति! तुम राक्षसोंके स्वामी होकर भी भयभीतकी तरह क्यों बोल रहे हो? अरे शत्रुसंहारक! तुम तो शत्रुओंद्वारा घायल किये हुए-से दीख रहे हो। वरुण! तुम्हारा शरीर अग्निसे घिरे हुएकी तरह अत्यन्त शुष्क दीख रहा है। ऐसा लग रहा है मानो सर्पोने तुम्हारे पाशमेंसे खून उगल दिया है। वायुदेव ! तुम स्न्रेहीजनोंद्वारा पराजित हुएकी तरह अचेत-से दीख रहे हो। कुबेर! तुम अपने यक्षाधिपत्यको त्यागकर क्यों बताओ तो सही, तुम्हारे त्रिशूलकी विशिष्ट क्षमता कहाँ

English

ordinarily dwell in higher planes, bat a stream of them, without any break, flows down on this earth and incarnates as kings, warriors, states' men, poets, artists, sages and saints. When the first class of soal comes down on earth, they act like ordinary men, with all human weaknesses and frailities, but with extraordinary powers in some particular department of human activity. The second class of souls, the celibate souls are born as great spiritual teachers, the Bhaktas and the Bhftgavatas. The same idea is expressed in tl)e verses 186 et seq of the Yajfiavalka, Prftyaschitta Adhy&ya, with the commentary of Vijnftnesvara which elucidate the somewliat brief account of these two classes of souls, as given in the Matsya Gb. 124.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अकिज्चित्करतां यात: करस्ते न विभासते। किं त्वयानुदरालीनभुवनप्रविलोकनम्। क्रियते स्तिमिताक्षेण भवता विश्वतोमुख

English

EXPLANATION OF FIGURES 1 to 10.*

हिन्दी अर्थ

एवमुक्ताः सुरास्तेन ब्रह्मणा ब्रह्ममूर्तिना । वाचां प्रधानभूतत्वान्मारुतं तमचोदयन् अथ विष्णुमुखैर्देवैः श्वसनः प्रतिबोधितः । चतुर्मुखं तदा प्राह चराचरगुरुं विभुम् श्रवणोपमकौतुक भावकृतः करोषि जगद्भवतां

English

Colonel Wilford published in the Asiatic Researches a series of papers on the Sacred Isles in the West. These were illustrated with maps which are reproduced on the plate facing this page. Regarding the map-making of the Hindus, he wrote

हिन्दी अर्थ

त्वयि तुल्यमहो जनकोऽसि यतः। किल देव त्वया स्थितये जगतां

English

" Besides geographical tracts, the Hivdus have also maps of th world, both according to the system of tlie Pauravtlts, and of the astrono- mers: the latter are very common. They have also maps of India, and of particular districts, in which latitudes and longitudes are entirely out of question, and they never make use of a scale of equal parts. The sea shores, rivers, and ranges of mountains, are represented in general by straight lines, The best map of this sort I ever saw, was one of the kingdom of Nepal, presented to Mr. Uabtikgs. It was about four feet long, and two and a half broad, of paste board, and the mountains raised about an inch above the surface, with trees painted all round. The roads were represented by a rod line, and the rivers with a blue one. The various ranges were very distinct, with the narrow passes through them: in short, it wanted but a a scale. The valley of Nepal was accurately delineated: but toward the borders of the map, oveiyt hing was crowded, and in confusion."

हिन्दी अर्थ

अपि तुष्टिकृतः श्रुतकामफला विहिता द्विजनायक देवगणाः अपि नाकमभूत् किल यज्ञभुजां चली गयी ? तुमलोगोंके भी उस तेजको किसने नष्ट कर दिया? मधुसूदन! आपका हाथ कर्तव्यहीन हो गया है जिससे इसको शोभा नहीं हो रही है। इस नीले कमलकी-सी कान्तिवाले चक्रके धारण करनेसे क्या

English

Colonel Wilford's explanation of the figures on the plate is repro- duced below.

हिन्दी अर्थ

लाभ? विश्वतोमुख! इस समय आप नेत्र बंद करके अपने उदरमें विलीन हुए भुवनोंका अवलोकन क्यों कर रहे हैं ?॥ १८--२६॥ उन वेदमूर्ति ब्रह्माद्वारा इस प्रकार पूछे जानेपर

English

No. 1, represents the worldly Lotos, floating upon the waters of the Ocean, which is surrounded, and its waters prevented from falling into the vacuum by the Suearna-hMmi, or laud of gold, and the mountains of LoMlokas.

हिन्दी अर्थ

किया। उस समय विष्णु आदि देवताओंने वायुको प्राणियोंके गुरु ब्रह्मासे बोले भगवन्! चराचर प्राणियोंके मनोंमें उत्पन्न हुए भावोंको आप न जानते हों-एऐसी बात नहीं हैं। आप अत्यन्त महान्, सर्वोपरि और जगत्के उत्पत्तिस्थान हैं। यह तो आपने केवल याचकोंके वचनोंको विस्तारपूर्वक

English

* those figures, the letter C should be pronouaoed m K.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सुननेके लिये कुतूहलका भाव प्रकट किया है। अनन्त! आप चराचर प्राणियोंसे युक्त विभिन्न गुणवाली विश्व-सृष्टि करते हैं। यद्यपि ये सम्पूर्ण देवता और असुर आपकी दृष्टिमें एक-से हैं; क्योंकि आप ही सबको उत्पन्न करनेवाले हैं, तथापि पिताके मनमें भी पुत्रोके सगुण-निर्गुण एवं सबल-निर्बलरूप पक्षको लेकर अन्तर रहता ही है। आपसे वरदान प्राप्त कर निर्भय हुआ वज्राङ्गका पुत्र महाबली धूर्त

English

TAVRAIJIK QEOQRAPEY.

हिन्दी अर्थ

हैत्य तारक चराचर जगतका नाश करनेके लिये क्या कर रहा है, यह आपको (भलीभाँति) विदित है। देव! क्या आपने जगतूकी स्थितिके लिये महान् एवं अद्भुत चित्र-विचित्र गुणोंसे युक्त, संतुष्ट करनेवाले एवं वाञ्छित अभिलाषाओंकी पूर्ति करनेवाले देवगणोंको सृष्टि नहीं की थी? द्विजनायक! क्या आपके आदेशानुसार स्वर्गलोक सदा यज्ञभोजी देवताओंके अधिकारमें नहीं रहता आया है, किंतु उस हैत्यने विमानसमूहोंको छीनकर उसे महान् मरुस्थल-सा बना दिया है

English

No. 2, represents the globe of the Earth, according to the Hindu astronomers. It is projected upon the plane of the equator, and ihe Southern hemisphere expanded in such a manner, that the South pole,- instead of a point, becomes the largest circle of this projection. They also represent the two hemispheres, separately upon the plane of tha equator.

हिन्दी अर्थ

परिलुण्ठितरत्नगुहानिवहो बहुहैत्यसमा श्रयतां गमितः

English

No. 3, represents the same, projected upon the plane of 8 meridian. These two projections are against the tenor of the context of the PurdvMs: a Southern hemisphere being then absolutely unknown.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सभायाममरा देव निकृष्ट्रेऽप्युपवेशिताः। वेत्रहस्तैरजल्पन्तस्ततोऽपहसितास्तु तैः चाटुयुक्तमथो कर्म ह्ामरा बहुभाषत सभेयं हैत्यसिंहस्य न शक्रस्य विसंस्थुला। बदतेति च हैत्यस्य प्रेष्यैर्विहसिता बहु

English

Here I have placed the three ranges of mountains, according to the documents of Hindu astronomers: but not according to their usual delineations; for, accordining to these, the three ranges should ba represented by three concentric half circles, parallel to the meridians of the projection. It is acknowledged, tliat these ranges are in the direc> tion of as many parallels of latitude. In that case the outermost ranges must be the longest: and this is the opinion of the J ainas, as I observed before, in the sixth! paragraph of the first chapter of an Essay on the Saered Isles in the West in the Asiatic Researches, Vol. VIII,

हिन्दी अर्थ

जिस हिमालयको समस्त पर्वतोंका राजा होनेके कारण आपने सर्वगुण-सम्पन्न बनाया, जो ऊँचाईमें आकाशतक व्याप्त था और संकेतानुसार चलनेवाला था, उसके शिखरके तटप्रान्तको उस हैत्यने वज्रसे तोड़- फोड़कर अपने निवास और विहारके उपयुक्त बना लिया है। उसकी गुफाओंके रल लूट लिये गये और अब वह बहुत-से हैत्योंका निवासस्थान बन गया है। उस हैत्यके भयसे वह शरीरहीन होनेपर भी इससे भी

English

No. 4, exhibits the old Continent, projected upon an imaginary circle passing through the North pole, and just grazing the equator in tlie South. Instead of a circle, it should be an oval, with the longest diameter East and West. But as the tracing of an oval would be attended with some difficulty, the indolent Paurdntks have adopted the circle in its room; and seldom use the other. As such a delineation would be useless, 1 have, of course, omitted it.

हिन्दी अर्थ

बढ़कर बुरे कामोंमें लगाया जा रहा है । सुरराज! कृतयुगके आदिमें आपने ही देवताओंके लिये उपयोगी समझकर जिन विशाल, चिरस्थायी, अपनी निर्मल कान्तिसे अस्त्रसमूहोंका निर्माण किया था, वे अस्त्र भी उस उद्भासित करनेवाले एवं अप्रतिहत

English

The chasm in the North-West, through the mountains surrounding the world, was made by Krisma, when he went to see his prototype VisNU, or the great spirit, the Paramdtmd of the world, whose abode is among waters, in the land of darkness. Several heroes have passed since through this chasm.

हिन्दी अर्थ

हैत्यके शरीरपर गिरकर कायरकी बुद्धि-भिन्रताकी तरह सैकड़ों टुकड़ॉंमें टूट-टूट कर चूर हो गये ॥३४--३७ ॥ देवेश! (इतना ही नहीं) उस देवद्रोहीके द्वारपर कीचड़ और धूलिसे भरे हुए अङ्गवाले हमलोग तिरस्कार- पूर्वक बैठाये गये थे और बड़ी कठिनाईसे हमलोगोंको उसको सभामें प्रवेश करनेका अवसर मिला था। उस

English

No. 5, explains the true system of the known world, according to the Purhnas, and the Jaims, reconciled with that of the astronomers of India.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सभामें भी देवगण निकृष्ट आसनोंपर बैठाये गये थे। वहाँ यद्यपि हमलोग कुछ बोल नहीं रहे थे, तथापि उसके बेंतधारी भृत्योंद्वारा हमलोगोंका उपहास किया जा रहा था। वे कह रहे थे—'देवगण! आपलोग बड़े सम्मानित एवं सभी प्रयोजनोंको सिद्ध करनेवाले हैं, इसीलिये थोड़ा बोलते हैं न?' उनकी इन व्यङ्ग्यपूर्ण बातोंका उत्तर भी देवगण अनेक प्रकारकी चाटुताभरी बातोंद्वारा देते थे। “यह हैत्यसिंह तारककी सभा है, इन्द्रकी लड़खड़ानेवाली सभा नहीं है, बोलो, बोलो।' इस प्रकार उस हैत्यके परिचारकोंद्वारा हमलोगोंकी बहुत हँसी उड़ायी गयी है। वहाँ छहों ऋतुएँ शरीर धारणकर रात-दिन उसकी सेवामें लगी हैं। वे कोई अपराध न

English

Here the lUiru of the Paurdniks is brought back to its proper place, - whilst the Meru of the astronomers remains under the North pole. The zones between Jamhu or India, and the Miru of the astronomers, are obviously our seven climates; and the points where the astronomical j zones intersect the zones of the Paurdniks round their respective centres 4 equally called Miru, shew the true situation of the diotpas or countries from which these zones, according to the system either of the astrmromeri

हिन्दी अर्थ

हो जाय-इस भयसे उसे कभी नहीं छोड़तीं। सिद्ध, गन्धर्व और किंनर उसके महलोंमें निष्कपटरूपसे नित्य वीणापर तीनों लयोंसमेत सुन्दर राग अलापते रहते हैं। ६०६ मत्स्यपुराण हन्ताकृतोपकरणैर्मित्रारिगुरुलाघवैः उस हैत्यका मित्र और शत्रुके प्रति भी बड़े-छोटेका शरणागतसंत्यागी त्यक्तसत्यपरिश्रयः॥ ४४ विचार नहीं रह गया है। वह शरणमें आये हुएका भी

English

APPENDIX IX.

हिन्दी अर्थ

इत्युक्तः स्वात्मभूर्देवः सुरैहैत्यविचेष्टितम्। सुरानुबाच भगवांस्ततः स्मितमुखाम्बुजः अवध्यस्तारको हैत्यः सर्वैरपि सुरासुरैः । यस्य वध्यः स नाद्यापि जातस्त्रिभुवने पुमान् तपसः साम्प्रतं राजा त्रैलोक्यदहनात्मकात्

English

or of the Paurdniks, are equally denominated, whether they are reckoned relatively to the North pole, or to a centrical point in Uie elevated plains of Tartary No. 6, is a delineation of the country of BhUvaia in the fullest acceptation of that denoiniimtion. Its nine divisions with ATi/ni, or Siberia, and the Northern parts of Europe, making in all ten districts, were all destroyed by a violent storm, and inundation, except one. Thus the ten divisions of tlie Atlantis were all destroyed by a flood, except one, called Gndcs, which probably included Spain,

हिन्दी अर्थ

स च वव्रे वधं हैत्यः शिशुतः सप्तवासरात् । स सप्तदिवसो बालः शंकराद् यो भविष्यति तारकस्य निहन्ता स भास्कराभो भविष्यति। साम्प्रतं चाप्यपत्रीकः शंकरो भगवान् प्रभुः

English

Some also are of opinion, that, out of the seven dwipas, six were likewise overwhelmed by a flood. This circuinslance is also noticed in the third volume of the Ayhxi-Akhan, But I believe that this notion originated with the Pauraniks, who. unable to point out these womlorful countries, described in so extravagant a manner in their sacred books, found that the best way was to swear, that they had disappeared.

हिन्दी अर्थ

यच्चाहमुक्तवान् यस्या ह्युत्तानकरता सदा। उत्तानो वरदः पाणिरेष देव्याः सहैव तु हिमाचलस्य दुहिता सा तु देवी भविष्यति। तस्याः सकाशाद् यः शर्वस्त्वरण्यां पावको यथा जनयिष्यति तं प्राप्य तारकोऽभिभविष्यति। मयाप्युपायः स कृतो यथैवं हि भविष्यति

English

In the figures 7, 8 and 9, the map of Jnmhii is represented under three different projections. The first is according to the ideas of the Paxi rdrfiks, in which one half of the equator is obviously coinliincd with another half of the nieridi«nn, on the plain of which tlie map is projected. I have marked tlie degrees of longitude upon the equator, and the degrees of latitude north, upon an arch of the first Tiieridian. No notice is ever taken of these particulars by tlie PaimirLiks; but a little reflection will show the original design of this diagram, though tlie projection be over so disfigured. The true projection of it.'liouhl be in the shape of what the ancients called the bottom part of a sling; and tliis was admitted by Dionysius Periegetes. Posidonius before him admitted of it also; but lie insisted, that the greatest lengtli of this projection was in a north and south direction. This sort of projection is represented in the figure 9. Number 8 represents the same portion of the globe, that is to say, the northern part of the old continent, as projected in the usual form, upon the plain of the first meridian.

हिन्दी अर्थ

स्तोककालं प्रतीक्षध्वं निविशङ्केन चेतसा ततो गतेषु देवेषु ब्रह्मा लोकपितामहः । निशा सस्मार भगवान् स्वतनोः पूर्वसम्भवाम्

English

In the seventh andeiglith numbers, the tX7o Tri-hitddris, or islands, abounding with Kirom or resplemlence, are represented diametrically opposite, with all due symmetrical arrangement in every part, to which the Hindus will always sacrifice truth. There are, however, some general outlines, which are strictly true. There are really three islands, or dwipaa in the south east and as many in the north west quarter of the old continent, corresponding exactly, or nearly so, to each other; and they have also the same names. The rest of the superstructure owes its origin to the fertile

हिन्दी अर्थ

तां विविक्ते समालोक्य ब्रह्मोवाच विभावरीम् त्याग कर देता है और सत्यका तो उसने व्यवहार ही छोड़ दिया है। यही सब उसकी बुराइयाँ हैं अथवा उसकी उद्दण्डता तो पूर्णरूपसे कही ही नहीं जा सकती। उसे तो ब्रह्मा ही जानें। इस प्रकार देवताओंद्वारा उस हैत्यकी कृतियोंका वर्णन किये जानेपर देवाधिदेव भगवान् ब्रह्माके मुखकमलपर मुसकराहट आ गयी, तब वे देवताओंसे बोले ॥३८--४६ ॥

English

PAVRAmK OEOOBAPnr. and inventivp genius of the Hindun. The idea, however, is by no meanf a modern one; nor was it confined to India: for ancient writers in the west acknowledged two islands, called Cerne one in the east, and the other in the west: tlie latter, called also Gyrene was placed near the straits of Hercules \ and was said to consist equally of three islands. The eastern Gerne, it is true, was said to be near the eastern shores of Africa This mistaken notion arose, through the infonnation of the Hindus who will have it that the dwipa of Lnnkd really joins the shores of SanihOf Zeng or Africa. The Nubian geographer adopted this idea, as well as Arabiaii writers in general.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ब्रह्माजीने कहा--देवगण ! देत्यराज तारक सभी कर सकता है, वह पुरुष अभी त्रिभुवनमें उत्पन्न ही नहीं हुआ है। मैंने ही उस देत्यराजको वरदान देकर त्रिलोकीको भस्म करनेवाले उस तपसे निवारण किया था। उस समय उस हैत्यने सात दिनके बालकद्वारा अपनी मृत्युका

English

In explaining the figure 10, Colonel Wilford quoted the following from the Ilari Vamsa: —

हिन्दी अर्थ

वरदान माँगा था। वह सप्तदिवसीय बालक जो शंकरजीसे उत्पन्न होगा, सूर्यके समान तेजस्वी होगा। वही तारकका वध करनेवाला होगा, किंतु इस समय सामर्थ्यशाली भगवान् शंकर पल्री-रहित हैं। इसके लिये मैंने पहले जिस देवीके विषयमें उत्तानकरताकी बात कही थी, वही देवी हिमाचलकी कन्याके रूपमें प्रकट होगी। उस देवीका वह वरदायक हाथ सदा उत्तान ही रहेगा। उस देवीके सम्पर्कसे शंकरजी अरणीमें अग्निकी तरह जिस पुत्रको उत्पन्न करेंगे, उसे सम्मुख पाकर तारक पराजित हो जायगा। मैंने भी पहलेसे ही वैसा उपाय कर रखा हे, जिससे यह सब वैसा ही होगा। तदनन्तर उसका यह सारा वैभव नष्ट हो जायगा। तुमलोग निःशङ्क चित्तसे

English

"Viijnu tor the good of mankind, having assumed the shape of a boar, rescued the earth from the waters, and secured it on all sides. Upon it he made fl/era of solid gold: towards the east he placed the Udaya mountain, with others. He then went towards the south, and there framed beautiful mountains of gold and silver; these are the gold and silver peaks or islands of Lanka Malaya and Sumatra. In the west he made a mountain 100 ydjanas high, quite beautiful, with large and variegated peaks, abounding with gold; with golden caves, with trees beautiful and resplendent like the sun (that is to say, they were of gold: ) there are the Tri-Vedika or the three mountains, with seats for the three gods. There, in the west, is Varaha-dwipa: there Vai'dla, or the Boar, made 60,000 mountains, like Meru, of gold, and dreadful to behold. Among them is another Mem, from which flow a thousand streams. There are all sorts of Tirthas, or holy places. Tliis mountain, called Vardha, is 60 yojanas, long and high, or about 300 miles; and it is like VarAha himself. He made also Vaidurya {Scotland), Rajata (England), Kdnchana (Ireland), high and divine mountains. He then made the Gluikravdn, or ChakramAn, a very high mountain; (this is Pukara, or Iceland, like a ring, or quoit, as implied by the appellation of Ghakrd). Like a shell, and abounding with shells, with a thousand peaks, is Rojata, or the silver peak; hence it is called Sankha-parvata, or the mountain of shells. The trees there are all white: the juice of the Pdrijdta tree is like liquid gold. There is the Ohrttadhara river: its waters ar like clarified butter. Prabhu, or Visnu, made many rivers, called arahasarita, or ihe streams of the boar; and these are moat holy. Thus he made a mountain, the name of which is omitted, but it is obviously 6iceta, with a thousand peaks, abounding with jewels; the Tamra, or Vaidurya, peak of copper; and a mountain of gold, Kdnchana, according to rule. Thus in the north he made the APPENDIX IX.

हिन्दी अर्थ

थोड़े-से कालकी और प्रतीक्षा करो ॥ ४७--५४॥ कमलजन्मा साक्षात् ब्रह्माद्वारा इस प्रकार कहे जानेपर स्वर्गवासी देवगण उन देवेश्वरको प्रणाम करके अपने-अपने स्थानको चले गये। तदनन्तर देवताओंके चले जानेपर लोकपितामह भगवान् ब्रह्माने जिसे पहले

English

Saumyagiri {Sdma or Chandra), towering to the skies: the mountain of gold, Kineham, has a thousand peaks, with many places of worabip. Thus he made the Tristram, or mountain with three peaks, and the Pufkara mountain, with many rirera, prrxiucing everything good and desirable." The north quarter is again omitted, because, as my learned friends Inform me, the north pole is inaccessible, and by no means a place of delight. The word, north, mentioned in this legend, relates to the situation of Soma-giri, or the White Island, in the northern parts of the White Sea: an e.'cpreeaion very common in the Purdnat ■ every legend relating to the Whitt Island, and adjacent parts, generally beginning thus, KfirdiU-uttara-tirame, in the north of the White Sea, &c."

हिन्दी अर्थ

अपने शरीरसे उत्पन्न किया था, उस निशाका स्मरण किया। तब भगवती रात्रिदेवी पितामहके निकट उपस्थित हुई। उस विभावरी (रात्रि)-को एकान्तमें उपस्थित देखकर ब्रह्मा बोले ॥ ५५--५७॥ विभावरि महत्कार्य विबरुधानामुपस्थितम्। तत्कर्तव्यं त्वया देवि शृणु कार्यस्य निश्चयम् तारको नाम हैत्येन्द्रः सुरकेतुरनिर्जितः। तस्याभावाय भगवाञ्जनयिष्यति चेश्वरः

English

MAHISMATI. In ancient India Mahismati was said to have been an important town and so its identification has taxed the ingenuity of many Sans- krit scholars and Indian antiquarians. The first European to study the Paurriik history and geography was Colonel Wilford. According to him, it was to be identified with Chauli Mahoilwara''* on the Narmada (Asiatic Hesearches Vol. IX )

हिन्दी अर्थ

सुतं स भविता तस्य तारकस्यान्तकारकः। शंकरस्याभवत् पत्नी सती दक्षसुता तु या सा मृता कुपिता देवी कस्मिंश्चित्कारणान्तरे। भविता हिमशैलस्य दुहिता लोकभाविनी

English

General Cunningham, in his Ancient Geography of India (pp. drSS-ASQ) is inclined to identify it with.Mahesmatipura on the Upper Narbada.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तपस्यन् हिमशैलस्य कन्दरे सिद्धसेविते प्रतीक्षमाणस्तज्जन्म कञ्चित् कालं निवत्स्यति। तयोः सुतप्ततपसोर्भविता यो महाबलः स भविष्यति हैत्यस्य तारकस्य विनाशकः । जातमात्रा तु सा देवी स्वल्पसंज्ञा च भामिनी

English

Mr. Pargiter (Introduction to his translation of the Mtlrkapdeya PurSpa, p. IX.) writes:— " The modern town of Mahesar, some fifty miles lower down the river, claims to be the ancient M&hismati, but docs not satisfy the allu- sions. M&hinmati was situated on an i.sl3nd in the river and the palace looked out on the rushing sti-eam (Raghu. V. vi. 43;. This description agrees only with MSndhfiU."

हिन्दी अर्थ

तयोः संयुक्तयोस्तस्मात् सुरतासक्तिकारणे। विघ्नस्त्वया विधातव्यो यथा ताभ्यां तथा श्ृणु भर्त्सयिष्यति तां देवीं ततः सा कुपिता सती। प्रयास्यति तपश्चर्तु तत्तस्मात् तपसे पुनः

English

There would have been little difficulty experienced by scholars and' antiquarians in identifying this place, had they turned their attention to the description of Milhismatl as given in the Matsya Purfipa, Chapter XLIIF. verses 26-36 (see the translation p -114). There it is stated iJiat KArtavlrya Arjuna " founded the city of Mahismati after conquering the Nlrga King, son of Karkotaka. That eily was laved by the waves of the

हिन्दी अर्थ

त्वयापि दानवा देवि हन्तव्या लोकदुर्जयाः। यावच्य न सती देहसंक्रान्तगुणसञ्चया ब्रह्माजीने कहा--विभावरि (रात्रिदेवी) ! इस समय देवि! उसे तुम्हें अवश्य पूरा करना है। अब उस कार्यका निर्णय सुनो। हैत्यराज तारक देवताओंका कट्टर शत्रु है, वह अजेय है। उसका विनाश करनेके लिये भगवान् शंकर जिस पुत्रको उत्पन्न करेंगे, वही उस तारकका

English

* J)r. Fibs Edward Hall saja that ho " aaoortained on the spot, that the place la now invariably called Msheswar simply." (Wilson's trauslatloii oltho Vifim Purftna, Vol. n. ). nVUAVlK QEOQRAmY.

हिन्दी अर्थ

वध करनेवाला होगा। उधर शंकरजीकी पत्नी जो दक्षपुत्री सती थी, वह देवी किसी कारणवश कुपित होकर शरीरको भस्म कर चुकी है। वही लोकसुन्दरी देवी हिमाचलकी कन्याके रूपमें प्रकट होगी । भगवान् शंकर उसके वियोगसे तीनों लोकोंको शून्य समझकर हिमाचलकी सिद्धोंद्वारा सेवित कन्दरामें तपस्या कर रहे हैं। वे उस देवीके जन्मको प्रतीक्षा करते हुए वहाँ कुछ कालतक निवास करेंगे। उत्कृष्ट तप करनेवाले उन दोनों (शिव-

English

ocean during Ote rains wherein the king 'fiayed in the waves, as it ebbed and flowed in the beach. • * •

हिन्दी अर्थ

पार्वती )-से जो महाबली पुत्र उत्पन्न होगा, वही तारक हैत्यका विनाशक होगा। शुभानने! वह सुन्दरी देवी जन्म लेनेके पश्चात् थोड़ा होश सँभालनेपर जब विरहसे उत्कण्ठित होकर गाढ़ रूपसे शंकरजीके समागमकी लालसासे युक्त हो जायगी तब उन दोनों घोर तपस्वियोंका संयोग होगा। उस समय उन दोनोंमें थोड़ा वाकु-कलह भी हो जायगा जिससे तारकके विनाशके प्रति पुनः संशय दिखायी पड़ने लगेगा, अत: उन दोनोंके संयुक्त होनेपर सुरतकी आसक्तिके अवसरपर तुम्हें जैसा विघ्न उपस्थित करना होगा, उसे भी सुन लो

English

*' He alone, with bis thousand arms, swelled it (the river N8rin8d&) by putting the water of the sea into it and increased it, as it increases in the monsoon; and the ocean being thus agitated by his thousand arms became subdued by him, and he extended his sea power, so that the residents in Patdla (antipodes) became inoffensive and quiet." From the above description, there can be little doubt that the ancient Mahismatt was the modern town of Broach, where Aijuna built dockyards and by establishing his sea-power, was enabled to subdue Itffvana, the ruler of LankS and made his iuffuence felt in the F&tftla (antipodes) which some consider to be Australia.

हिन्दी अर्थ

उस समय तुम उसकी माताके गर्भस्थानमें प्रवेश करके उसपर अपने रूपकी छाप डाल दो। तब शंकरजी उसे छोड़कर विश्राम करने लगेंगे और परिहासमें उस देवीको भर्त्सना करेंगे जिससे कुपित होकर वह पुन: तपस्या करनेके लिये चली जायगी। पुनः उस तपस्यासे लौटनेपर वह शंकरजीके सम्पर्कसे जिस उत्कृष्ट कान्तिसे सुशोभित पुत्रको उत्पन्न करेगी, वह निःसंदेह देव-शत्रुओंका संहारक होगा। देवि!

English

The ancient name of Broach is Bhrigu-kachchha. This may be explained by the legend mentioned in the same Pur&pa as Parana B&ma, the descendant of Bhrigu defeating Arjuna and capturing his dominions. He seems to have changed the name of M&hismati to Bhrigu-Kachchha to glorify his ancestry.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तुम्हें भी इन लोकदुर्जय दानवोंका संहार करना चाहिए, किंतु जबतक तुम सतीके समागमसे उसके शरीरसे संक्रमित हुए गुणसमूहोंसे युक्त नहीं हो जाओगी, इन मूल श्लोकोंका ऋग्वेद, अथर्ववेद एवं आधर्वणपरिशिष्टपरोक्त रात्रिसूक्तादिसे घनिष्ठ सम्बन्ध है। पूर्ण जानकारीके लिये यहाँका भी अर्थ ध्येय है। ये श्लोक बृहद्धर्मपुराणमें भी हैं।

English

HISA CHANDRA VIDYARNAVA. APPENDIX X.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तत्सङ्गमेन तावत् त्वं हैत्यान् हन्तुं न शक्ष्यसे । एवं कृते तपस्तप्त्वा सृष्टिसंहारकारिणी समासनियमा देवी यदा चोमा भविष्यति। तदा स्वमेव तद्रूपं शैलजा प्रतिपत्स्यते

English

TUB DATE OP THB MAT8YA PORAljrA.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तनुस्तवापि सहजा सैकानंशा भविष्यति। रूपांशेन तु संयुक्ता त्वमुमायां भविष्यसि एकानंशेति लोकस्त्वां वरदे पूजयिष्यति। भेहैर्बहुविधाकारैः सर्वगा कामसाधिनी ओंकारवक्त्रा गायत्री त्वमिति ब्रह्मवादिभिः। आक्रान्तिरूजिताकारा राजभिश्च महाभुजैः

English

The Sacrificial Sesaion. The Great War had come to an end and the militarism of India, too, came to a close with it. The legends say that out of the eigiitecn akauhinis or army corps, engaged in this internecine war, ton chieftains only survived— seven on one side and three on the other. The flower of Indian manhood perished in this war. Though the militarisni was crushed for the time being, and the Ksatriya lay prostrate at the feet of the Bruhmana, anotiier militarism, and that not of India, but of outsiders i.bahiiloharasj or foreigners, soon made its appearance. India lay open to them as an easy prey. Barbarians, like Abhiras and otiiers, overran the country, and the BrAhmanas who had expected, that with the downfall of Katriyadom, intellectual classes would come to the front, were disappointed, au;l the servile Stidras and the hated Mlecbchhas were in power on all sides; the intclleutual BrAhmurtas retired from the courts of the Ilajas and started a long sacrificial session in the holy places of India* After YudhiftUira had abdicated his throne, to which be had ascended through the sanguinary war, Parikit, the grandson of his brother, Arjuna, became king, lie lost his life at the bauds of the barbarian invaders of tlie N&ga race led by their chief, called Takaka, and the central power of the Pauravas at Uastinapuia really passed to those Taktka-Ied Niigas, and the kings of Delhi were merely nominal severeigns, as wore the Moghul em- perors after Shah Alam. Long before Parikit bad ascended the throne, Yudhitbira, in bis lifetime, hud tlie luoriificatiou to see ids famous brother, Arjuna, defeated by the outsiders, Abhiras; and to witness the delicately brought up ladies of the household of Kfisa taken away in captivity by these Abhiras. The weak sonof Pariksit, Janamejaya, tried to stem the tide of the Tuksaka invasion, whose totem 'was a snake. He killed many of them, but he had not the diplomacy or the wisdom to please the BrAhtnapas. He quarelled with the heredita)7 priest of his family, Vaiampayana, and favoured a stranger, in the person of Yajuar valkya— a person who posed as a reformer and said that he had got a revelation from the Sun, and who promulgated a new recension of the Yajur Veda called the VAjasanOyi Samiuta. Seeing JanamSjaya taking sides with this new reformer (YAjnavalkya;, VaiAumpAyana, with other BrAhmapas, left his court. But Janamejaya was uut allowed to live in peace. Whether

हिन्दी अर्थ

त्वं च कीर्तिमतां कीर्तिस्त्वं मूर्तिः सर्वदेहिनाम् त्वं कान्तिः कृतभूषाणां त्वं शान्ति्दु: खकर्मणाम्

English

TEE DATE OP TEE UATSTA PUBJLtJA. eii2

हिन्दी अर्थ

सम्भूतिस्त्वं पदार्थानां स्थितिस्त्वं लोकपालिनी। त्वं कालरात्रिर्निःशेषभुवनावलिनाशिनी इत्यनेकविधैर्देवि रूपैर्लोके त्वमर्चिता ते सर्वकामानाप्स्यन्ति नियता नात्र संशयः

English

it was through the fresh inroads of the NAgas, helped by the intrigues of the Br&hma, or whether Janamejaya was disgusted with his kingdom, he, like his great grandfather, Yudhithira, abdicated his throne in favonr of his son, SatAnika, and went to the forest. It was in the reign of hia grandson, Adidsimakrisna, that BrAhmanas started the great sacrificial ('ongrpHS, which was moving about from one seat of pilgrimage to another. Three years of the session of this congress were passed at Puskara, near Ujjain. Two sessions of this congress were held at Naimisaranya, in Sitilpur district. It was at the fifth or sixth of this session, when the Rrahnianas had finished the labours of their deliberations, in the long drawn sacrifice, that they relaxed their starin and asked the bard, Sfita, to rehearse the stories of the past kings. It was then that the original Parana was recited which expanded into 18 Puranas, amongst which the Matsya Purdna is not the least. The original Puram. — The original Purina is one which exists in the Devaloka, and contains ten millions of stanzas, as mentioned in Cliapter III. A portion of it is revealed from time to time, as necessity arises. In other words, the real Pur&na, which would contain a full account of the cosmogony of the universe, and a history of all the rulers of the world, must be a very concisely written work to be finished within the scope of ten millions of stanzas. But we have not to deal with the history of the universe, but only of India and of Vaivasvata Manu; hence our Puranas are smaller in bulk.

हिन्दी अर्थ

इत्युक्ता तु निशा देवी तथेत्युक्त्वा कृताञ्जलिः । जगाम त्वरिता तूर्ण गृहं हिमगिरेः परम् तबतक हैत्योंका संहार करनेमें समर्थ नहीं हो सकोगी। ऐसा करनेपर जब सृष्टिका संहार करनेवाली वह देवी तपस्या करनेके पश्चात् नियमोंको समाप्त कर उमारूपसे प्रकट होगी, तब पार्वती अपने उसी रूपको प्राप्त

English

What is a Puram?— In the beginning, there was only one Pur&iia, which may be called the original Purana. It treated of five subjects, viz.:

हिन्दी अर्थ

करेंगी। साथ ही तुम्हारा जो यह प्राकृतिक शरीर है, वह भी एकानंशा नामसे प्रसिद्ध होगा और तुम उमाके रूपके अंशसे युक्त होकर उमासे प्रकट होओगी। वरदायिनि! संसार 'एकानंशा' नामसे तुम्हारी पूजा करेगा। तुम अनेकों प्रकारके भेदोंद्वारा सर्वगामिनी एवं कामनाओंको सिद्ध करनेवाली होओगी इसी प्रकार ब्रह्मवादी विप्रगण तुम्हें ओंकाररूप

English

(i) Sarga, or Creation, or Evolution of the world, or Flux. (ii) Pratisarga, or Destruction, or Involution of the world, or Reflux.

हिन्दी अर्थ

शक्ति कहेंगे। तुम पृथ्वीरूपसे वैश्योंकी माता कहलाओगी और शूद्र “शैवी ' कहकर तुम्हारी पूजा करेंगे । तुम मुनियोंकी क्षुब्ध न को जा सकनेवाली क्षमा, नियमधारियोंकी दया, नीतिज्ञोंको महान् उपायोंसे परिपूर्ण नीति, अर्थ-साधनाको सीमा, समस्त प्राणियोंके हृदयमें निवास करनेवाली इच्छा, समस्त प्राणियोंकी मुक्ति, सम्पूर्ण देहधारियोंकी गति, कीर्तिमान् जनोंकी कीर्ति, अखिल देहधारियोंकी मूर्ति, अनुरागीजनोंकी रति, हर्षसे परिपूर्ण लोगोंकी प्रीति

English

(iii) Vaiprfa, or Genealogy of Devas, patriarchs and kings.

हिन्दी अर्थ

(प्रसन्नता), शृङ्गारसे सुसञ्जित प्राणियोंकी कान्ति (शोभा), दुःखीजनोंके लिये शान्तिरूपा, निखिल प्राणियोंकी भ्रान्ति, यज्ञानुष्ठान करनेवालोंकी गति, समुद्रोंकी विशाल वेला (तट), विलासियोंकी लीला, पदार्थोकी सम्भूति (उत्पत्तिस्थान), लोकोंका पालन करनेवाली स्थिति, सम्पूर्ण भुवनसमूहोंको नाश करनेवाली कालरात्रि तथा प्रियतमके गलेसे लगनेपर उत्पन्न हुए आनन्दको देनेवाली रात्रिके रूपमें सम्मानित होओगी। देवि! इस प्रकार तुम संसारमें अनेक प्रकारके तुम्हारा स्तवन-पूजन करेंगे, वे सभी मनोरथोंको प्राप्त कर लेंगे, इसमें तनिक भी संशय नहीं है

English

(iv) Manvantaras, or cosmic chronology, or history of Manus. (v) Vaipi&nucharita, or the chroliicles of dynasties of rulers.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ब्रह्मद्वार इस प्रकार आदेश दिये जानेपर विभावरी (रात्रि) देवी हाथ जोड़कर 'अच्छा, ऐसा ही करूँगी' यों कहकर तुरंत ही बड़े वेगसे हिमाचलके उस सुन्दर भवनको ओर प्रस्थित हुई। वहाँ पहुँचकर उसने एक विशाल अट्टालिकापर रल्रनिर्मित दीवालके सहारे बैठी हुई मेनाको देखा। उस समय उनके मुखकमलकी कान्ति कुछ पीली पड़ गयी थी। वे कुछ काले रंगवाले चूचुकोंसे युक्त स्तनके भारसे झुकी हुई थीं। उनके गलेमें जीव-

English

The ReveaJr of the Matsya Puram- — This Puriina was revealed by the Lord Vignu himself to Vaivaswata Manu. A great deluge was to destroy the whole creation, and the Lord wanted to save Manu for the future race. He assumed the form of a fish, and the story of the deluge— the original account of which is to be found in the latapatha BrShmana given below — is made the opening thesis of this Purana.

हिन्दी अर्थ

उद्वहन् कनकोन्नद्धजीवरक्षामहोरगाम्। मणिदीपगणाज्योतिर्महालोकप्रकाशिते प्रकीर्णबहुसिद्धार्थे मनोजपरिवारके। शुचि न्यंशुकसंछन्नभूशय्यास्तरणोज्चले धूपामोदमनोरम्ये सर्जगन्धोपयोगिके । ततः क्रमेण दिवसे गते दूरं विभावरी

English

In the beginning, they brought to Manu water for washing, as men are in the habit of bringing it to wash with the hands. As he was ihuB washing, a fish oame into his hands (which spake to him), * Preserve me; APPENDIX X

हिन्दी अर्थ

व्यजृम्भत सुखोदर्के ततो मेनामहागृहे। प्रसुप्तप्रायपुरुषे निद्राभूतोपचारिके स्फुटालोके शशभृति भ्रान्तिरात्रिविहङ्गमे।

English

I shall save thee.* Ifanii enquired) * From what wiIt4hou save? * (The fish replied) ' A flood shall sweep away all these creatures; from it will I rescue thee.* (Maim asked) ' How (shall) thy preservation be effected? * The fish said: 'So long as we are small, we are in great peril, for fish devours fish; thou ahalt preserve mo first in a jar. When 1 grow too large for the jar, then thou shalt dig a trench, and preserve mo in that When I grow too large for tlie trench, then thou shalt carry me away to the Ocean. I shall then bo beyond the reach of danger.' Straightway lie became a large fish; for lie waxes to the utmost. (He said): 'Nowin such and such a j'car, then the flood will come; thou shalt therefore, construct a ship, and resort to me; thou shalt embark in the ship when the flood rises, and I shall deliver thee from it.' Having thus preserved the fish, Manu carried him away to the sea. Then in the same year wliich the fish had enjoined, lie constructed a ship, and resorted to him. AVhen the flood rose, Manu embarked in the ship. The fish swam towards him. Ho fastened the cable of tlie sliip to the fish's horn. By this means he passed over this northern mountain. The fish said, * I liavo delivered thee; fasten the ship to a tree. But lest the water should cut thee off whilst thou art on tlic mountain, as much as the water sulisides, so much shalt thou descend after it,' Ho accordingly descended after it as much las it subsided) Wherefore also this, m., 'Mann's descent ' is Mlio name! of the northern mountain. Now the flood had swept away all these creatures; so ilanu alone was left here. Desir- ous of offspring, he lived worshipping and toiling in arduous religious rites. Among these lie also sacrified with tlie paVra offering. lie cast clarified butter, thickened milk, whey and curds, as an oblation into the waters. Thence in a year a woman was produced."

हिन्दी अर्थ

किंचिदाकुलताप्रासे मेनानेत्राम्बुजद्वये अरञ्जयच्छविं देव्या गुहारण्ये विभावरी अभवन् सुखिनः सर्वे सर्वलोकनिवासिनः

English

The Chronological Periods. — The cliron(;logy of the Purfinas may be conveniently studied under iho following heads: — The period from Vaivasvata Afanu up to tlic Malifibliarata War.

हिन्दी अर्थ

नारकाणामपि तदा सुखं स्वर्गसमं महत्। अभवत् क्रूरसत्त्वानां चेतः शान्तं च देहिनाम् रक्षाके निमित्त एक स्वर्णनिर्मित विशाल सर्पके-से आकारवाली माला लटक रही थी, जिसमें महौषधियोंके समूह और अभिमन्त्रित मन्त्रराज बँधे हुए थे। उनका वह महल मणिनिर्मित दीपसमूहोंकी ज्योतिके उत्कट प्रकाशसे

English

The period from the Mahbliarata War up totbo Inauguration of Mahapadma Nanda, i.e., 422 B. C.

हिन्दी अर्थ

उद्भासित था। वहाँ प्रयोजन-सिद्धिके लिये बहुत-से पदार्थ रखे हुए थे, जिससे वह कामदेवके परिवार-जैसा लग रहा था। वहाँ भूतलपर शय्या बिछी थी, जिसपर शुद्ध एवं श्वेत रेशमी चद्दर बिछी हुई थी तथा सर्जकी गन्धके समान मनको लुभानेवाले धूपकी सुगन्ध फैल रही थी। तदनन्तर क्रमशः दिनके व्यतीत होनेपर विभावरी मेनाके उस सुखमय विशाल गृहमें अपना प्रसार करने लगी। तत्पश्चात् जब शयनके लिये निछी हुई शय्याओंपर पुरुषगण प्रायः कुछ निद्रामग्न-से होने लगे, चाँदनी स्पष्टरूपसे बिखर गयी, रात्रिमें विचरनेवाले पक्षी निर्भय होकर इधर-उधर घूमने लगे, चबूतरों (चौराहों)-पर राक्षसों और भूत-प्रेतोंका जमघट लग गया, पति-पत्नी गाढ्रूपसे

English

From Mahapadma Nanda up to the end of the Andlira dynasty, 836 years. The modern period, from the end of Andhra dynasty to the present age.

हिन्दी अर्थ

गले लगकर नींदके वशीभूत हो गये, तब मेनाके भी दोनों नेत्रकमल नींदसे कुछ व्याकुल हो गये। ऐसा अवसर पाकर चिरकालसे स्पष्टरूपसे संगमकी इच्छा रखनेवाली रात्रि देवी जगन्माता पार्वतीकी जन्मदायिनी मेनाके मुखमें प्रवेश कर गयी और उसने क्रमशः सारे उदरपर अधिकार जमा लिया। अपने प्रवेशके अनन्तर देवीका जन्म मानती हुई विभावरी रात्रिने जंगली गुफाकी तरह उस उदरमें देवीकी कान्तिको अपने रंगसे रँग दिया

English

dynasty, and, therefore, it may be safely inferred that thief Purupa, in its present form, could not have been composed after the Andlira dynasty.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तदनन्तर जगत्के परिरक्षणकी हेतुभूता हिमाचलप्रिया मेनाने सुन्दर ब्राह्ममुहूर्तमें स्कन्दकी माता पार्वतीको जन्म दिया। पार्वतीके उत्पन्न होनेपर सम्पूर्ण लोकोंके निवासी नरक-निवासियोंको भी स्वर्गके समान महान् सुखका अनुभव हुआ। क्रूर स्वभाववाले प्राणियोंका चित्त शान्त हो गया। ज्योतिर्गणोंका तेज बढ़ गया। देवसमूहोंकी फल स्वादिष्ट हो गये। पुष्पोंमें सुगन्ध बढ़ गयी और आकाश निर्मल हो गया। सुखस्पर्शी शीतल, मंद, सुगन्ध

English

In this Purina, the express statement made is that it was recited TEE DATE OF THE MAT87A POEANA.

हिन्दी अर्थ

गयीं। वे कुछ उत्पन्न हुए, कुछ फले हुए और कुछ पके हुए पदार्थोके गुणोंसे युक्त होनेके कारण चमक अभवत् पृथिवी देवी शालिमालाकुलापि च॥ १०१ रही थीं। पृथ्वीदेवी भी धान्यसमूहोंसे व्याप्त हो गयी।

English

by S&ta in Nairai9&ra9ya, in the reign of king Adhitfimakfina of Magadha, who waa contemporary of Divftkara. That was the original Pur&Qa. The present Punipa was composed much later. Very probably it was composed in the reign of king Yajnaarfrl of Andhra dynasty, in about 193 A. D. We quote from the introduction, p. Xlllof Mr. Pargiters valuable book. "The Dynasties of the Kali Age": — "There is an apparent indication that a compilation was begun in tlie latter part of the 2nd century in the Andhra king, YajnajSri's reign, for 5 JlSSof the Matsya (of which three appear to be independent, namely, b, c, and I) apeak of him as reigning in his ninth or tenth year." In chapter 273, verse 14, there is found the following reading of the text, instead of the ordinary reading found in printed books. In Mt. bceln, the line reads:— "nava varsapi Yajilarfrih hurute l&takarnikah," which means "Yajnarfrl is reigning for nine years." While the ordinary reading is " nava-vimrfati varani Yajnarfrih atakarni- kah," which means " Yajfiasiri reigned for 29 years." The Andhra kingdom fell about A. D. 236, and it may be said that the Matsya account brings the historical narrative down to about the middle of the third century A. D. and no further." yajharfrl's reign commenced in 184 A. D., according to Mr, V. Smith, and the first compilation of the dynastic account was made in 193 A. D., though it was carried up to the end of the Andhra Dynasty up to 236 A. D., or 43 years further. The Matsya makes no mention of the Guptas.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तस्मिन् गतानि साफल्यं काले निर्मलचेतसाम् समहेन्द्रहरिब्रह्मवायुवह्मिपुरोगमाः हिमशैलोऽभवल्लोके तथा सर्वैश्चराचरैः

English

As the clironology of the Matsya Parana does not go beyond the Andhra dynasty, so, in its present form, it cannot be posterior to the year 225 A. D., if that date be taken as tho termination of the Andhra, according to Jilr. V. Smith. It would be 432 A. D., according to the Matsya Parana. It is, therefore, one of the oldest, if not the oldest, of the Puranas. The Vayu, tho Visnu and other Puranas mention the Gupta and other dynasties, that came into existence after the Andhras, and so they, in their present form, are later than the Matsya. Albirtini » manuscript copy of the Matsya Pur&pa in his time, so it must havMsted then.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सेव्यश्चाप्यभिगम्यश्च स श्रेयांश्वाचलोत्तमः। अनुभूयोत्सवं देवा जग्मुः स्वानालयान्मुदा देवगन्धर्वनागेन्द्रशैलशीलावनीगुणैः हिमशैलसुता देवी स्वयंपूर्विकया ततः

English

The date of the recital. — All PurSnas (except the Vi§nu) are said to have been recited by Siita at the great sacrificial session, held by the priests and sages in the forest of Naimisa, during the reign of Adhisimakfisna of Magadha, who was a contemporary of Divkara and SSnajit. By cal- culating the date of the reign of SSnajit, from the figures given before, it would appear that he flouFished 277 years after the Great War.

हिन्दी अर्थ

एतस्मिन्नन्तरे शक्रो नारदं देवसम्मतम् देवर्षिमथ सस्मार कार्यसाधनसत्वरम्। स्मृतिं शक्रस्य विज्ञाय जातां तु भगवांस्तदा नारदः कुशलं देवमपृच्छत पाकशासनम्।

English

Therefore, this Purapa, in its original form, was recited on or about 1160 B. 0. According to the Visnu PurApa, it was in the reign of Parikit AVVEmiX X.

हिन्दी अर्थ

निर्मल-चित्त एवं शुद्धात्मा मुनियोंकी दीर्घकालसे चली हुए शस्त्र पुनः प्रकट होने लगे। प्रधान-प्रधान तीर्थोंका प्रभाव परम पुण्यमय हो गया। उस समय महेन्द्र, विष्णु, ब्रह्मा, वायु, अग्नि आदि हजारों देवता विमानोंपर चढ़कर आकाशमें उपस्थित थे। वे उस हिमाचलपर पुष्पोंकी

English

that the Par&nas were recited, and the future kings are taken from that date.

हिन्दी अर्थ

वर्षा करने लगे, प्रधान-प्रधान गन्धर्व गाने लगे और अप्सराएँ नृत्य करने लगीं उस महोत्सवके अवसरपर महाबली सुमेरु आदि पर्वत शरीर धारणकर और हाथमें (उपहारके लिये) दिव्य पदार्थ लिये हुए तथा नदियों और सागरोंके दल सब ओरसे उपस्थित हुए। उस समय हिमाचल जगत्में सभी चराचर प्राणियोंद्वारा सेव्य तथा अभिगमन करने योग्य बन गये। वे श्रेष्ठ पर्वतके रूपमें मङ्गलरूप हो गये। तत्पश्चात् देवगण उस उत्सवका आनन्द लेकर हर्षपूर्वक अपने-अपने स्थानको चले गये। इधर हिमाचलकन्या

English

Regarding the Matsya PurAa, Professor IT. II. Wilson writes: — Matsya Parana. **That in which, for tho sake of promalgating the Vedas, Vishnu, in tho beginning of a Ealpa, related to Manu the story of Narasimha and tho events of seven Kalpas; that, O sages, know to bo tho Matsya Purftna, containing twenty thousand stanzas.*' *

हिन्दी अर्थ

पार्वतीदेवी आलस्यरहित एवं बुद्धिमान् पुरुषोंकी लक्ष्मीकी देव, गन्धर्व, नागेन्द्र, पर्वत और पृथ्वीके शीलस्वभावसे

English

Wo might, it is to be supposed, admit tho description which tho Matsya gives of itself to be correct; and yet, as regards the number of verses, there reonis to be a misstatoinont. Three very good oopios'-'ono in my possession, one in the Company's library, and one in the Radcliffe library— oonenr in all respects, and in containing more than botwoen four- teen and fifteen thousand stanzas. In this caso.the BhAgavata is nearer the truth, when it assigns to it fourteen thousand.

हिन्दी अर्थ

लोकोंको जीत लिया और असाधारणरूपसे विभूषित भी किया। इसी बीच इन्द्रने देवताओंके अनुकूलवती एवं शीघ्र ही कार्य-साधनमें जुट जानेवाले देवर्षि नारदका स्मरण किया। तब अपनेको इन्द्रद्वारा स्मरण किया गया जानकर भगवान् नारद हर्षपूर्वक महेन्द्रके निवासस्थानपर आये उन्हें आया हुआ देखकर सहरूनेत्रधारी इन्द्र अपने सिंहासनसे उठ खड़े हुए और उन्होंने यथायोग्य पाद्य आदिद्वारा नारदजीकी पूजा की। इन््रद्वारा विधिपूर्वक की गयी उस पूजाको ग्रहणकर नारदने देवराज इन्द्रसे कुशल-

English

The first subject (in the PnrAna) is tho creation, which is that of BrahmA and he patriarchs. Some of the details are the usual ones; others are peculiar, especially those relating to the Pitfis or progonitors. The repal dynasties are next described; and then follow chapters on tho duties of different orders. It is in relating those of tho hou.seholdor, in which the duty of making gifts to Br.'ilimanas is eomprehended, that we have tho Specification of tho extent and suljjects of the PurAnas. It is meritorious to have copies made of them, and to give these away on partieular occasions. Thus, it is said, of tho Matsya: " Whoever gives it away at either equinox,.along with a gol<len fish and a milch cow, givos away tho whole earth; " th.at is, lie reaps a like reward, in his next migration. Special duties of the householder —Vratas or occasional acts of piety— are then desc '>ed at considerable length, with logondary iilustratlon.s. The account of the universe is given in the usual strain. 4'aiva legends ensue: as the destruction of Tripur tho war of the gods with Taraka and the Dnityas, and tho consequent birth of Kfirttikoya, with tho various cireurastanecs of Vina 's birth and marriage, the burjiing of Kfimadeva. and othoP events involved in that narr.'itive; the destruction of tho.\snras Maya and Andhaka; tho origin of the Mat-riis, and the like; interspersed with tho Vaisnavii legends of the Avat&ras. Some M&bAtmyas are also intrrxluced; one of which, the Nannadu Mdhutmya, contains some interesting particulars. There are v.irb»u« cha]>tcr« on law and morals, and one which furnishes directions for building bouses and making imagos. We then have an account of the kings of future periods; and tiio Pur Aria concludes with a chapter on gifts. miscellaneous compilation, but including, in irs contents the elements of a gcniiiiio Piirftna. At the same time, it is of too mixed a <'h.aracter to be considerod as a genuine work of the Paurftik class; and, upon examining it carefully, it may bo sospoctod that it is indebted to various works, not only for its matter, but for its wor4«. *1

हिन्दी अर्थ

इन्द्र बोले-मुने! त्रिभुवनके कल्याणके लिये अङ्कुर तो उत्पन्न हो गया है, किंतु उससे फलरूपी सम्पत्तिकी उत्पत्तिके निमित्त आप सावधान हो जायँँ। यद्यपि आप यह सब कुछ जानते हैं, तथापि कहनेवाला अपने मित्रसे अपना प्रयोजन निवेदित करके परम संतोषका अनुभव करता है।

English

Although a baiva work, it is not exclusively ho; and it has; 'h 'notarial absur- dities as tho Kfirma and Linga, It is a composition of considorablo Interest; but, if it has extracted its materials from the Padma,— which it also quotes on ono occasion, tho specification of the Upapnrfinas,-'it is subsequent to that work, and, therefore, not very ancient.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तद्यथा शैलजा देवी योगं यायात् पिनाकिना । शीघ्रं तदुद्यमः सर्वैरस्मत्पक्षैर्विधीयताम् शक्रं जगाम भगवान् हिमशैलनिवेशनम् वन्दितो हिमशैलेन निर्गतेन पुरो मुनिः

English

But modern scholars consider this Purfina as otic of the oldest, ia the Padma PurAna seems to have borrowed from the Matsya and not the reverse. Sriba Chandra Vidyarnava.

हिन्दी अर्थ

निवेदिते स्वयं हैमे हिमशैलेन विस्तृते महासने मुनिवरो निषसादातुलद्युतिः। यथाई चार्घ्यपाद्यं च शैलस्तस्मै न्यवेदयत्

English

•-a nn. ll. filSfi.

हिन्दी अर्थ

मुनिस्तु प्रतिजग्राह तमर्घ विधिवत् तदा। गृहीतार्घ मुनिवरमपृच्छच्छ्लक्ष्णया गिरा मुनिरप्यद्रिराजानमपृच्छत् कुशलं तदा प्रसन्नता च तोयस्य मनसोऽप्यधिका च ते

English

The Risis said:—T 9 ll us, 0, Sdta! bow in ancient days did Lord diva attain the name of Tripur&ri and how did He reduce the fort Tripura to ashes. Pray, be pleased to tell us all about it in detail. How the fortified town of Tripura was built by the mysterious power of Maya, and how was it, reduced to ashes by one arrow of iva. Pray, tell us how all this happened. We all ask you, reverently, again and again. — 1-2.

हिन्दी अर्थ

नाना तपोभिर्मुनिभिर्ज्चलनार्कसमप्रभैः । पावनैः पावितो नित्यं त्वत्कन्दरसमाश्रितैः पितुर्गृह इवासन्ना देवगन्धर्वकिन्नराः

English

Sfita said: — 0, Riis! Hear from me how the fort Tripura was consumed by the mighty Lord iva. In ancient days, there lived a Dfinava named Maya; he was endowed with extraordinary powers and be was the originator of wonderful artifices and extraordinary devices generally known as M&ya. Once conquered by the Devas in a battle, Maya devoted himself to hard penances. Two other demons also joined him and began to practise severe austerities with the same object in view. The name of the one was the powerful Vidyunmfili; and of the other was T&rakSsura. Both of them were very powerful and strong. — 3-5.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अध्यास्ते लोकनाथोऽपि समाधानपरायणः इत्युक्तवति देवर्षौ नारदे सादरं गिरा। हिमशैलस्य महिषी मेना मुनिदिदृक्षया अनुयाता दुहित्रा तु स्वल्पालिपरिचारिका। लज्जाप्रणयनम्राङ्गी प्रविवेश निवेशनम्

English

These two began to perform their penances by the side of Maya and caught his fire and energy. They began to look like the three Fires or like the three worlds personified. They remained engaged in their penances, burning, as it were, the three worlds. They lived in water during the winter, warmed themselves with a ring of fire lit up around them during the summer with fierce sun overhead, and stood on their legs in the open space during the rains and began to waste their dear bodies. They lived only on roots and fruits and water and they woi-shipped with flowers, etc. They used to lake their simple fare after one day's interval and the bark of wood that they had on their bodies was besmeared with mud. They practised austerities, half irameised in the mud of aquatic plants and thus their minds became freed from all dirt. Their bodies became devoid of all flesh; they became lean and thin; the veins became visible all over their bodies. Owing to their severe austerities, the whole universe became devoid of any lustre, powerless, and began to look dull. — 6-11. The three worlds were about to be consumed by the fire of their asceticism, when the Lord Brahma appeared before them. The bold adventurers, those D&navas, then, chanted the praises of the Supreme-Being

हिन्दी अर्थ

इसलिये पार्वतीदेवी जिस प्रकार शीघ्र ही शंकरजीसे संयुक्‍त हो जायँ, वह उपाय हमारे पक्षके सभी लोगोंको करना चाहिए। तत्पश्चात् सारा प्रयोजन समझकर और इन्द्रसे सलाह करके भगवान् नारद हिमाचलके भवनकी ओर चल पड़े। थोड़ी ही देरमें वे द्विजवर चित्र-विचित्र बेंतकी लताओंसे आच्छादित भवन-द्वारपर जा पहुँचे। वहाँ पहलेसे ही भवनके बाहर निकले हुए हिमाचलने मुनिकी वन्दना की। फिर वे हिमाचलके साथ पृथ्वीके

English

THB MAT87A PUHANAU.