Shanti Parva

हिन्दी अर्थ

तो यही इच्छा है कि मैं अपने बाहुबलसे उपार्जित राज्यका उपभोग करूँ

English

should lie down on a sheet of iron having heated it, and having cut off the emblem of his sex should leave the world for a life in the woods, with eyes always turned upwards. By casting off one's body, one becomes cleansed of all his evil acts. Women, by leading a regulated life for one year, become cleansed of all their sins. The person who observes a very rigid vow, or gives away the whole of his wealth, or perishes in a battle fought for the sake of his preceptor, becomes cleansed of all his sins. One who uses falsehood before one's preceptor or acts in opposition to him, becomes cleansed of that sin by doing something agreeable to one's preceptor. One who has fallen off from the vow (of Brahmacharya ), may become cleansed of that sin by wearing the hide of a cow for six months and observing the penances laid down in the case of the slaughter of a Brahmana. One who has been guilty of adultery, or of theft, may become cleansed by observing rigid vows for a year. When one steals another's property, one should, by every means in his power, return to that other property of the value of what has been stolen. One may then be cleansed of the sin (of theft). The younger brother who has married before the marriage of the elder brother, as also the elder brother whose Younger brother has married before him, becomes cleansed by observing a rigid vow, with collected soul, for twelve nights. The younger brother, however, should wed again for rescuing his deceased ancestors. Upon such second wedding, the first wife becomes cleansed and her husband himself would not incur sin by taking her. Men conversant with the scriptures declare that women may be cleansed of even the greatest sins by observing the vow of

हिन्दी अर्थ

चतुर्थ तस्य धर्मस्य राजा भारत विन्दति

English

"According to place, time and strength, a king who seeks dharma and wealth should instruct the subjects, devoted to their welfare.

हिन्दी अर्थ

धर्मार्थ रोचये राज्यं धर्मश्चात्र न विद्यते

English

As he thinks best for them and himself, so the king should set all lawful things in motion in the kingdom.

हिन्दी अर्थ

करता था; परंतु मालूम होता है कि इसमें धर्म नहीं है

English

He should milk the kingdom as honey is milked, not destroying the bees; he should milk looking to the calf and not crush the teats.

हिन्दी अर्थ

वनमेव गमिष्यामि तस्माद् धर्मचिकीर्षया

English

He should drink the kingdom like a leech, gently, O king, and take his son like a tigress without biting, that he may not fall.

हिन्दी अर्थ

इच्छासे वनमें ही चला जाऊँगा

English

He should have them give a little at a time, increasing; then more and more, he should bring increase as he likes.

हिन्दी अर्थ

धर्ममाराधयिष्यामि मुनिर्मूलफलाशन:

English

Like taming the tameable, he should always increase the load; with effort and gently he should make them eat from the snares.

हिन्दी अर्थ

मुनिवृत्तिसे रहकर फल-मूलका आहार करते हुए धर्मकी आराधना करूँगा

English

Once strewn with snares, they will not be hard to tame; they will be enjoyed, with effort, as is proper.

हिन्दी अर्थ

क्लीबं धर्मघृणायुक्तं न लोको बहु मन्यते

English

Therefore a flock of men is hard to manage in everything; conciliating the chief ones, the other people should be enjoyed.

हिन्दी अर्थ

क्षत्रधर्मे स्थितं दृष्टवा मुचुकुन्दमसम्भ्रमम्

English

all the while living upon scanty and cleansing food. Persons conversant with the scriptures do not take into account the sins that women may commit at heart. Whatever their sins (of this description), they are cleansed by their menstrual course like a metallic plate that is scoured with ashes. Plates (made of the alloy of brass and copper) stained by a Sudra eating off it, or a vessel of the same metal that has been smelt by a cow, or stained by a Brahmana's Gandusha, may be cleansed by means of the ten purifying substances, i It has been laid down that a Brahmana should acquire and practise the full measure of virtue. For a person at the kingly order it has been laid down that he should acquire and practise a measure of virtue less by a fourth part. So, a Vaisya should acquire a measure less (than a Kshatriya's) by a fourth and a Sudra less (than a Vaisya's) by a fourth. The heaviness or lightness of sins (for purposes of expiation) of each of the four orders, should be determined upon this principle. Having slain a bird or an animal, or cut down living trees, a person should publish his sin and fast for three nights. By having intercourse with one with whom intercourse is prohibited, the expiation for one is wandering in wet clothes and sleeping on a bed of ashes. These, O king, are the expiations for sinful acts, according to precedent and reason and scriptures and the ordinances. A Brahmana may be cleansed of all sins by reciting the Gayatri in a sacred place, all the while living upon frugal fare, casting off malice, abandoning wrath and hate, unmoved by praise and blame, and abstaining from speech. He should during the day-time be under shelter of the sky and should lie down at night even at such a place. Thrice during the day, and thrice during the night, he should also plunge with his clothes into a stream or lake for performing his ablutions. Observant of rigid vows, he should abstain from speech with women, Sudras, and fallen persons. A Brahmana by observing such regulations may be cleansed of all sins unconsciously committed by him. A person obtains in the other world the fruits, good or bad, of his acts here which are all witnessed by the elements. Be it virtue or be it vice, according to the true measure that

हिन्दी अर्थ

क्षत्रियधर्ममें स्थित हुआ देख कुबेरको बड़ा विस्मय हुआ

English

Taxes should not be imposed on them at the wrong place or time, but in order, with conciliation, at the proper time and by rule.

हिन्दी अर्थ

बाहुवीर्यार्जितां सम्यकृक्षत्रधर्ममनुव्रत:

English

I tell these expedients; no illusion is meant by me; one who tames without means enrages the horses.

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्राप्त की हुई इस वसुधाका शासन किया

English

Taverns, brothels, brothel-keepers and shopkeepers, entertainers with gamblers, and any others of the kind,

हिन्दी अर्थ

जयत्यविजितामुर्वी यशश्न महदश्लुते

English

all these who are destroyers of the kingdom are to be restrained; staying in the kingdom, they harass the good people.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तयोरह्हि सर्वमायत्तं यत् किज्चिज्जगतीगतम्

English

"No one should ask anyone for anything except in calamity"—this rule for beings was made by Manu long ago.

हिन्दी अर्थ

पुण्यांश्व लोकान् जयति तनमे ब्रूहि पितामह

English

If all did not live thus and did not work here, the three worlds would surely not be.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तपस्यामें तत्पर एवं प्रजा-पालनमें संलग्न रहना चाहिए

English

A king who is able to restrain and does not restrain them enjoys a fourth of their sin, so the scripture says; and likewise a fourth of the dharma done.

हिन्दी अर्थ

यद् यदाचरते राजा तत् प्रजानां सम रोचते

English

Having come together in these places, in association, the destroyers of prosperity, a man attached to desire, what deed would he avoid?

हिन्दी अर्थ

निहन्यात् सर्वतो दस्यून्ू न कामात् कस्यचित् क्षमेत्

English

Those who have no possessions may beg in calamity alone; they should be given by dharma by one wishing mercy, out of compassion.

हिन्दी अर्थ

भाग राजाको भी मिल जाता है

English

Let there be no beggars in your kingdom, nor robbers; these are takers of what is offered, not promoters of welfare.

हिन्दी अर्थ

राजा चतुर्थभाक् तस्य प्रजा धर्मेण पालयन्

English

Let those who favour beings and make the subjects flourish be active in your kingdom, not the destroyers of beings.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अशुभ कार्य करती है, उस पापकर्मका एक चौथाई भाग राजाको भोगना पड़ता है

English

And those engaged in taking wealth are to be punished, O great king; they should be made to put it to use and pay taxes according to their strength.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कर्मण: पृथिवीपाल नृशंसो5नृतवागपि

English

Agriculture, cattle-keeping, trade and anything of the kind he should have done by men together with many workers.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तत् स्वकोशातृ् प्रदेयं स्पादशक्तेनोपजीवत:

English

If a man engaged in agriculture, cattle-keeping or trade meets with some danger, the king is blamed for it.

हिन्दी अर्थ

न स्थेयं विषये तेन यो5पकुर्याद् द्विजातिषु

English

He should always honour the wealthy with vehicles, clothing and food, and say to them, "Favour us, honoured with me."

हिन्दी अर्थ

ब्राह्मणोंकी कृपासे राजा कृतार्थ हो जाता है

English

The wealthy are indeed a great limb of kings, Bharata, the hump of all beings; one standing on wealth is without doubt.

हिन्दी अर्थ

नरास्तमुपजीवन्ति नृपं सर्वार्थसाधकम्

English

The wise, brave, wealthy lord who is righteous, an ascetic, truthful and intelligent protects.

हिन्दी अर्थ

नृशंसेनातिलुब्धेन शक्‍्यं पालयितुं प्रजा:

English

Therefore be affectionate to all of these, lord of the earth, and maintain truth, uprightness, freedom from anger and kindness.

हिन्दी अर्थ

होता है, वह प्रजाका पालन नहीं कर सकता

English

Thus you will gain rod, treasury, friends and land, devoted to truth and uprightness, O king, with friends and treasury."

हिन्दी अर्थ

नैव राज्ञां तथा वृत्तं यथा त्वं स्थातुमिच्छसि

English

one acquires of either, one enjoys or suffers the consequences (even here). By knowledge, by penances, and by righteous acts, therefore, one enhances his weal (even here). One, therefore may similarly enhance his misery by committing unrighteous acts. One should, therefore, always achieve acts that are righteous and abstain altogether from those that are unrighteous. I have now indicated what the expiations are of the sins that have been mentioned. There is expiation for every sin except those that are called Mahapatakas (highly heinous sins). As regards sins in respect of unclean food and the like, and improper speeches, etc., they are of two classes, viz., those committed consciously and those that are committed unconsciously. All sins that are committed consciously are grave, while those that are committed unconsciously are trivial or light. There is expiation for both. Indeed sin is capable of being washed away by (observance of) the ordinances spoken of. Those ordinances, however, have been laid down only for believers (in God) and those that have faith. They

हिन्दी अर्थ

सर्वतः प्रतिगृह्नीयाद् राज्यं प्राप्पेह धार्मिक:

English

"Let others eat what is left over by Brahmanas; none else should take in any way by obstructing a Brahmana.

हिन्दी अर्थ

भव राजा जय स्वर्ग सतो रक्षासतो जहि

English

If a Brahmana should take to renunciation, wasted by lack of livelihood, a livelihood should be provided for him, lord of men, with his wife.

हिन्दी अर्थ

पर्जन्यमिव भूतानि स्वादुद्रुममिव द्विजा:

English

If he does not turn back, it should be said in the assembly of Brahmanas: 'In what will this world now make a boundary?'

हिन्दी अर्थ

तेषां विशेषमाचक्ष्व ब्राह्मणानां पितामह

English

He would surely turn back if he does not speak after this; this rule should first be indirectly made, Kaunteya.

हिन्दी अर्थ

क्या अन्तर है? यह मुझे बताइये

English

People say this, Brahmana, but I do not believe it; he should be invited with enjoyments; if he has no livelihood, then let him act.

हिन्दी अर्थ

एते ब्रह्मसमा राजन ब्राह्म॒णा: परिकीर्तिता:

English

Agriculture, cattle-keeping and trade are the livelihood of people here, and above them the triple learning; it makes beings flourish.

हिन्दी अर्थ

एते देवसमा राजन ब्राह्मणानां भवन्त्युत

English

When it strives, those who obstruct it are robbers; for their slaying here Brahma created the kshatriya order.

हिन्दी अर्थ

हुए हैं, वे ब्राह्मणोंमें देवताके समान समझे जाते हैं

English

Slay your enemies, protect the subjects, sacrifice with sacrifices, O king, and fight in battle as a hero, delight of the Kurus.

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्रजापालनसम्भूतमाप्ता धर्मफलं हासि

English

are not for atheists or those that have no faith, or those in whom pride and malice predominate. A person, O tiger among men, that is desirous of weal both here and hereafter, should, O foremost of virtuous men, have recourse to righteous behaviour, to (the counsels of) men that are righteous, and to the duties that have been ordained for him. Therefore, for the reasons already advanced (by me), thou, O king, shalt be cleansed of all thy sins for thou hast slain thy foes in the discharge of thy duties as a king and for the protection of thy life-breath and thy inheritance. Or, if not withstanding this, thou still regardest thyself to be sinful, perform expiation. Do not cast away thy life in consequence of such grief that is not becoming a wise man.'

हिन्दी अर्थ

होनेवाले धर्मके फलको नहीं पा सकोगे

English

" Vaisampayana continued, 'Thus addressed by the holy Rishi, king Yudhishthira the just, having reflected for a short while, said these words unto the sage.'"

हिन्दी अर्थ

तथैतत् प्रज्ञया तात यथा55चरसि मेधया

English

the second three days, eat nothing but what is got without soliciting, for the next three days, and fast altogether for the three days that follow. This is called Kris char a-bhoj ana. Observing this rule for six years, one may be cleansed of the sin of slaying a Brahmana.

हिन्दी अर्थ

माहात्म्यं च महौदार्य भवत: कुन्त्ययाचत

English

days; eating what is got without soliciting, for the next seven days; and fasting altogether for the next

हिन्दी अर्थ

पृत्रेष्वाशासते नित्यं पितरो हैवतानि च

English

"What is the weak point, what is my attachment, what remains unfelled? From where might fault flow to me?"—he should think thus always.

हिन्दी अर्थ

धर्ममेतदधर्म वा जन्मनैवाभ्यजायथा:

English

By approved secret spies he should have the earth surveyed: "Do they praise my conduct as well conducted or not? Does my fame please in the country, in the kingdom?

हिन्दी अर्थ

सीदतामपि कौन्तेय न कीर्तिरवसीदति

English

Those who know dharma and are steadfast, who do not flee in battles, and those who live in the kingdom and those who live on the king,

हिन्दी अर्थ

सिद्धि प्राप्त हो जाती है (जिसे तुम वनवास और तपस्यासे पाना चाहते हो)

English

and all ministers and all those who are neutral, those who praise you or revile you—all of them, Yudhishthira, should be well led.

हिन्दी अर्थ

धर्मी गृही वा राजा वा ब्रह्मचारी यथा पुन:

English

It is not possible, dear one, to please everyone entirely—friend, enemy or neutral—among all beings, Bharata.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कृतमेवाकृताच्छेयो न पापीयोस्त्यकर्मण:

English

Among those of equal strength of arm who are devoted to qualities, how could one be superior and enjoy men?

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्राप्य तृप्ता: प्रतिष्ठन्ति धर्म:को5भ्यधिकस्तत:

English

The moving eat the unmoving, the tuskless the tusked, as enraged venomous snakes eat snakes.

हिन्दी अर्थ

राजाके लिये इससे बढ़कर धर्मकी बात और क्या होगी?

English

Be ever careful of these, Yudhishthira; for these, like bharunda birds, fall on one who is careless.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कि ततः परमैश्चर्य ब्रूहि मे यदि पश्यसि

English

Are your merchants in your kingdom not troubled, oppressed by taxes, buying much for little and labouring in wild places?

हिन्दी अर्थ

जानते हैं तो मुझे बताइये

English

Do the farmers, much oppressed, not leave the kingdom, they who bear the king's burden and support others as well?

हिन्दी अर्थ

स स्वर्गजित्तमोस्माकं सत्यमेतद् ब्रवीमि ते

English

Gods and hosts of ancestors live on what is given from here, as do men, serpents, Rakshasas, birds and animals.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अधिकारी है, यह मैं तुमसे सच्ची बात कहता हूँ

English

This is your livelihood of the kingdom and protection of the kingdom, Bharata; relying on this very aim I shall speak more, Pandava."

हिन्दी अर्थ

एते शूद्रसमा राजन ब्राह्मणानां भवन्त्युत

English

"Yudhishthira said, 'Tell me, O grandfather, what food is clean and what unclean, what gift is praiseworthy, and who should be considered deserving and who undeserving (of gifts).'

हिन्दी अर्थ

उनके धनपर भी राजाका ही अधिकार है

English

"How Utathya, the best knower of Brahma, instructed him—all that I shall tell you in full, Yudhishthira.

हिन्दी अर्थ

मेरे शरीरके भीतर तुम्हारा प्रवेश कैसे हुआ?

English

"A king exists for dharma, not for acting at will; know thus, Mandhata, that a king is the protector of the world.

हिन्दी अर्थ

संविभक्तास्मि सर्वेषां मामकान्तरमाविश:

English

A king who practises dharma goes to godhood; if he does not practise dharma he goes to hell.

हिन्दी अर्थ

आवश्यक वस्तुएँ देता रहता हूँ, तथापि तुम मेरे शरीरमें कैसे प्रविष्ट हो गये?

English

Beings stand in dharma and dharma stands in the king; a king who rules well is lord of the earth.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अव्युच्छेत्तास्मि सर्वेषां मामकान्तरमाविश:

English

A king supremely righteous but fortunate is called sinful; the gods are rebuked and it is said, "There is no dharma."

हिन्दी अर्थ

संविभक्ताश्न सत्कृत्य मामकान्तरमाविश:

English

Success of aims is seen for those who act unrighteously; and the world follows all that as auspicious.

हिन्दी अर्थ

स्वतन्त्रो जातु न क्रीडे मामकान्तरमाविश:

English

The conduct of dharma is uprooted and great unrighteousness prevails; they call it fear day and night when sin is not restrained.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अनृत्विजा हुतं नास्ति मामकान्तरमाविश:

English

The twice-born who keep vows do not follow the Vedas, Brahmanas do not extend sacrifices, when sin is not restrained.

हिन्दी अर्थ

शूद्रतुल्य हैं। धर्मात्मा राजाको चाहिए कि इन सब लोगोंसे कर ले और बेगार करावे

English

" Vyasa said, 'In this connection is cited the old account of a discourse between the ascetics and that lord of creation, viz., Manu. In the Krita age, an assembly of Rishis, of rigid vows, having approached the great and puissant lord of creation, Manu, while seated at his ease, solicited him to discourse on duties, saying, 'What food should be taken, who is to be regarded a deserving person (for gifts), what gifts should be made, how should a person study, and what penances should one perform and how, and what acts should be done and what acts should not be done, O lord of creation, tell us everything about all this.' Thus addressed by them, the divine and self-born Manu said unto them, 'Listen to me as I expound the duties in brief and in detail. In regions which have not been interdicted, silent recitation (of sacred mantras, homa), fasts, knowledge of self, sacred rivers, regions inhabited by men devoted to this pious acts,~these have been laid down as acts and objects that are cleansing. Certain mountains also are cleansing, as also the eating of gold and bathing in waters into which have been dipped gems and precious stones. Sojourn to holy places, and eating of sanctified butter—these also, without doubt speedily cleanse a man. No man would ever be called wise if he is indulged in pride. If he wishes to be long-lived, he should for three nights drink hot water (as an expiation for having indulged in pride). Refusal to appropriate what is not given, gift, study (of scriptures), penance, abstention from injury, truth, freedom from wrath, and worship of the gods in sacrifices,— these are the characteristics of virtue. That again which is virtue may, according to time and place, be sin. Thus appropriation (of what belongs to others), untruth,

हिन्दी अर्थ

एते ब्राह्मणचाण्डाला महापथिकपज्चमा:

English

and injury and killing, may under special circumstances, become virtue. With respect to persons capable of judging, acts are of two kinds, viz., virtuous and sinful. From the worldly and the Vedic points of view again, virtue and sin are good or bad (according to their consequences). From the Vedic point of view, virtue and sin (i.e., everything a man may do or not do), would be classed under action and inaction. Inaction (i.e., abstention from Vedic rites and adoption of a life of contemplation) leads to emancipation (from rebirth); while the consequences of action (i.e., practice of Vedic rites) are repeated death and rebirth. From the worldly point of view, acts that are evil lead to evil and those that are good to consequences that are good. From the worldly point of view, therefore, virtue and sin are to be distinguished by the good and the evil character of their consequences, l Acts that are (apparently) evil, when undertaken from considerations connected with the gods, the scriptures, life itself, and the means by which life is sustained, produce consequences that are good. When an act is undertaken from the expectation, however doubtful, that it will produce mischief (to some one) in the future, or when an act is done whose consequence is visibly mischievous, expiation has been laid down. When an act is done

हिन्दी अर्थ

एते क्षत्रसमा राजन ब्राह्मुणानां भवन्त्युत

English

In whom dharma shines, they call him king; in whom dharma is dissolved, the gods know him as a vrishala (outcast).

हिन्दी अर्थ

एते वैश्यसमा राजन ब्राह्मणानां भवन्त्युत

English

Dharma, the revered one, is the bull (vrisha); one who sufficiently harms it, the gods know as a vrishala; therefore one should not destroy dharma.

हिन्दी अर्थ

वैश्यके समान समझा जाता है

English

When dharma grows all beings grow; when it declines they decline; therefore one should increase dharma.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ऋते ब्रह्मसमेभ्यश्व॒ देवकल्पेभ्य एव च

English

Dharma flows from wealth, or is certain from upholding; lord of men, it is called the one that ends the boundary of what should not be done.

हिन्दी अर्थ

नियम्या: संविभज्याश्च धर्मानुग्रहकारणात्

English

For the prosperity of beings dharma was created by the Self-existent himself; therefore one should increase dharma for the favour of subjects.

हिन्दी अर्थ

परिस्थितिके लिये जानकार लोग उस राजाका ही अपराध ठहराते हैं

English

Therefore, tiger among kings, dharma is held best; that is the king who rules the subjects well, best of men.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ततो निर्वासनीय: स्यात् तस्माद् देशात् सबान्धव:

English

Disregarding desire and anger, one should protect dharma alone; dharma is the most beneficial for kings, best of the Bharatas.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कया च वृत्त्या वर्तेत तन्मे ब्रूहि पितामह

English

Brahmanas are the source of dharma; therefore always honour them, and fulfil the wishes of Brahmanas without envy, Mandhata.

हिन्दी अर्थ

इति राज्ञां पुरावृत्तमभिजल्पन्ति साधव:

English

By not fulfilling their wishes fear arises for the king, friends do not prosper and even become enemies.

हिन्दी अर्थ

इसीको राजाओंका प्राचीनकालसे चला आता हुआ बर्ताव या धर्म कहते हैं

English

When Bali, son of Virochana, was envious of Brahmanas, then Shri, who was in him, resplendent, left him.

हिन्दी अर्थ

राज्ञ एवापराधं त॑ मन्यन्ते किल्बिषं नूप

English

Departing from him, she went to Pakashasana; then he repented afterward seeing Shri in Purandara.

हिन्दी अर्थ

माना जाता है। विचारवान् पुरुष इसे राजाका ही अपराध और पाप समझते हैं

English

This is the fruit of envy and pride, overcomer; therefore understand, Mandhata, lest the resplendent one leave you.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तस्माद् राजर्षय: सर्वे ब्राह्मणानन्वपालयन्

English

Pride, named Darpa, a son of Shri, was born of adharma, the scripture says; by him gods and asuras, O king, were brought under sway very often.

हिन्दी अर्थ

इसीलिये सभी राजर्षियोंने ब्राह्मणोंकी सदा ही रक्षा की है

English

And many royal sages too; therefore understand, lord of the earth: a king who conquers him becomes king, and he who is conquered by him is a slave.

हिन्दी अर्थ

राक्षसके द्वारा अपहृत होते समय केकयराजके प्रकट किये हुए उद्गारका वर्णन है

English

So act, Mandhata, as to not serve unrighteousness accompanied by pride, if you wish to stay long.

हिन्दी अर्थ

स्वाध्यायेनान्वितं राजन्नरण्ये संशितव्रतम्

English

One should beware of the drunk, the careless, the adolescent, and especially the mad; from practice of that, from association, from serving the unfriendly,

हिन्दी अर्थ

स्वाध्याय किया करते थे। एक दिन उन्हें एक भयंकर राक्षसने पकड़ लिया

English

from a restrained minister, and especially from women, from mountains, uneven ground, forts, elephants, horses and reptiles.

हिन्दी अर्थ

नानाहिताग्निर्नायज्वा मामकान्तरमाविश:

English

Of these one should always be careful, and avoid night-wandering; one should avoid excess in income, excess in pride, hypocrisy and anger.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ब्राह्मणोचित छः: कर्मोमें ही संलग्न रहते हैं

English

A king should not have intercourse with unknown women, eunuchs, unchaste women, others' wives or maidens.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ब्राह्मणा मे स्वकर्मस्था मामकान्तरमाविश:

English

In families Rakshasa-like sinners are born through mixture of classes, deformed, limb-lacking, thick-tongued, senseless.

हिन्दी अर्थ

रहते हैं तो भी तुम्हारा मेरे शरीरके भीतर प्रवेश कैसे सम्भव हुआ?

English

These and others are born when the king is careless; therefore a king should act especially for the welfare of the people.

हिन्दी अर्थ

नाध्यापयन्त्यधीयन्ते यजन्ते याजयन्ति न

English

A great fault arises in a careless kshatriya; unrighteous things proceed, causing mixture of the subjects.

हिन्दी अर्थ

क्षत्रिया मे स्वकर्मस्था मामकान्तरमाविश:

English

Cold is found in the not cold, and no cold in the cold; drought and excessive rain and disease enter the subjects.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अप्रमत्ता: क्रियावन्त: सुव्रता: सत्यवादिन:

English

Stars stand ominous and other dreadful planets, and many portents destructive of kings are seen here.

हिन्दी अर्थ

मम वैश्या: स्वकर्मस्था मामकान्तरमाविश:

English

A king who does not guard himself and does not guard his subjects has his subjects waste away, and he perishes after them.

हिन्दी अर्थ

मम शूद्रा: स्वकर्मस्था मामकान्तरमाविश:

English

Two take from one, and many from two; maidens are ruined; this they call the king's fault.

हिन्दी अर्थ

भीतर कैसे घुस आये?

English

The idea "this is mine" does not stay among men when the king abandons dharma and practises carelessness."

हिन्दी अर्थ

भीतर कैसे चल आये?

English

from wrath or clouded judgment, then expiation should be performed by giving pain to the body, guided by precedent, by scriptures, and by reason. When anything, again, is done for pleasing or displeasing the mind, the sin arising therefrom may be cleansed by sanctified food and recitation of mantras. The king who lays aside (in a particular case) the rod of chastisement, should fast for one night. The priest who (in a particular case) abstains from advising the king to inflict punishment, should fast for three nights as an expiation. The person who, from grief, attempts to commit suicide by means of weapons, should fast for three nights. There is no expiation for them that cast off the duties and practices of their order and class, country, and family, and that abandon their very creed. When an occasion for doubt respecting what should be done arises, that should be regarded as the injunction of the scriptures which ten persons versed in Vedic scriptures or three of those that frequently recite them may declare. 2 The bull, earth, little ants, worms generated in dirt, and poison, should not be eaten by Brahmanas. They should not also eat fishes that have no scales, and four-footed aquatic animals like frogs and others, except the tortoise. Water-fowls called Bhasas, ducks, Suparnas, Chakravakas, diving ducks, cranes, crows, shags, vultures, hawks, owls, as also all four-footed animals that are carnivorous and that have sharp and long teeth, and birds, and animals having two teeth and those having four teeth, as also the milk of the sheep, the she- ass, the she-camel, the newly-calved cow, woman and deer, should not be taken by a Brahmana.

हिन्दी अर्थ

आशीरेषां भवेद् राजन् राज्ञां सम्यकृप्रवर्तताम्

English

"As a washerman who does not know how to remove the dirt from garments or cleanse coloured ones is as if he did not exist,

हिन्दी अर्थ

धेनुर्यज्ञश्न सोमश्न न विक्रेया: कथंचन

English

so it is with the best of the twice-born, kshatriyas, Vaishyas and Shudras; the four classes abide in their various works."

हिन्दी अर्थ

तदा वर्णा यथाधर्म निविशेयु: कथंचन

English

"Work is for the Shudra, agriculture for the Vaishya, the rod-policy for the king; celibacy, austerity, mantras and truth among the twice-born.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अनाशनाम्न्योर्विशतां शूरा यान्ति परां गतिम्

English

The kshatriya among them who knows how to remove faults of character, as cleansing garments, is father and Prajapati.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सम्प्रमूढेषु वर्णेषु यद्यन्योडभि भवेद् बली

English

The Krita, Treta, Dvapara and Kali ages, bull of the Bharatas—of all the conduct of kings, the king alone is called the age.

हिन्दी अर्थ

दस्युभ्यो5थ प्रजा रक्षेद् दण्डं धर्मेण धारयन्

English

The four classes, the Vedas and the four stages of life are all confused when a king is careless.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तस्माच्छस्त्रं ग्रहीतव्यमन्यत्र क्षत्रबन्धुत:

English

The king alone is the maker of beings and the king alone their destroyer; he who is righteous-souled is the maker and the unrighteous-souled the destroyer.

हिन्दी अर्थ

शूद्रो वा यदि वाप्यन्य: सर्वथा मानमर्हति

English

The king's wives, sons, relatives and friends all together grieve when the king is careless.

हिन्दी अर्थ

स्वामी सर्वस्य राष्ट्रस्य धीमान् मम पुरोहित:

English

Besides this, the food that has been offered to the man, that which has been cooked by a woman who has recently brought forth a child, and food cooked by an unknown person, should not be eaten. The milk also of a cow that has recently calved should not be taken. If a Brahmana takes food that has been cooked by a Kshatriya, it diminishes his energy; if he takes the food provided by a Sudra, it dims his Brahmanic lustre; and if he takes the food provided by a goldsmith or a woman who has neither husband nor children it lessens the period of his life. The food provided by a usurer is equivalent to dirt, while that provided by a woman living by prostitution is equivalent to semen. The food also provided by persons that tolerate the unchastity of their wives, and by persons that are ruled by their spouses, is forbidden. The food provided by a person selected (for receiving gifts) at a certain stage of a sacrifice, by one who does not enjoy his wealth or make any gifts, that provided by one who sells Soma, or one who is a shoe-maker, by an unchaste woman, by a washerman, by a physician, by persons serving as watchmen, by a multitude of persons, by one who is pointed at by a whole village, by one deriving his support from keep of dancing girls, by persons wedding before their elder brothers are wedded, by professional panegyrists and bards, and by those that are gamblers, the food also which is brought with the left hand or which is stale, the food which is mixed with alcohol, the food a portion of which has been already tasted, and the food that forms the remnant of a feast, should not be taken (by a Brahmana). Cakes, sugarcanes, potherbs, and rice boiled in sugared milk, if they have lost their relish, should not be taken. The powder of fried barley and of other kinds of fried grain, mixed with curds, if become stale with age, should not be taken. Rice boiled in sugared milk, food mixed with the tila seed, meat, and cakes, that have not been dedicated to the gods, should not be taken by Brahmanas leading a domestic mode of life, Having first gratified the gods, Rishis, guests, Pitris, and the household deities, a Brahmana leading a domestic mode of life should then take his food. A householder by living thus in his own house becomes like a person of the Bhikshu order that has renounced the world. A man of such behaviour, living with his wives in domesticity, earns great religious merit. No one should make a gift

हिन्दी अर्थ

न मे भयं विद्यते राक्षसेभ्य:

English

Strength was created by the Creator for the weak, Mandhata; that great being, the weak, in which everything is established, is so called.

हिन्दी अर्थ

धर्मार्थ युध्यमानस्य मामकान्तरमाविश:

English

Whatever being there is, it serves; beings and those who follow them; when a king is unrighteous, all sink, lord of the earth.

हिन्दी अर्थ

शस्त्रोंसे घायल न हुआ हो, तथापि तुम मेरे भीतर कैसे घुस आये?

English

The eye of the weak and of a sage, like a venomous serpent, I consider unbearable; do not approach the weak.

हिन्दी अर्थ

आशासते जना राष्ट्र मामकान्तरमाविश:

English

Know the weak, dear one, always as the slighted; let the eyes of the weak not burn you with your kin.

हिन्दी अर्थ

रहते हैं, तो भी तुम मेरे शरीरके भीतर कैसे घुस आये?

English

In the family of one burned by the weak nothing sprouts; it is burned to the root; do not approach the weak.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तस्मात् प्राप्रुहि कैकेय गृहं स्वस्ति व्रजाम्पहम्

English

The weak is better than the strong; the strength that is very strong, of one burned by the weak, leaves nothing remaining.

हिन्दी अर्थ

घरको जाओ । तुम्हारा कल्याण हो। मैं अब जाता हूँ

English

Slighted, struck, crying out, if he finds no protector, the superhuman-made rod slays the king.

हिन्दी अर्थ

न रक्षोभ्यो भयं तेषां कुत एव तु पावकात्

English

Do not rest on strength, dear one, nor harass the weak; let the eyes of the weak not burn you like fire a house.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अतिथिप्रियास्तथा पौरास्ते वै स्वर्गजितो नूपा:

English

The tears of the falsely accused as they weep fall and kill sons and cattle of those who falsely rule them.

हिन्दी अर्थ

आशीर्वाद प्राप्त होता है

English

If not on himself, then on sons, if not on sons then on grandsons and sons' sons; a sin committed does not bear fruit at once, like a cow.

हिन्दी अर्थ

नियम्या: संविभज्याश्न तदनुग्रहकारणात्

English

Where a weak man being slain finds no protector, there a great fate-made dreadful rod falls.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अनुभूयेह भद्राणि प्राप्रोतीन्द्रसलोकताम्

English

When officials seek alms from the country like Brahmanas, such men kill the king by the fault of begging again and again.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कथं स्विद् वैश्यधर्मेण संजीवेद् ब्राह्मणो न वा

English

When many king's men in the king's domain act unjustly, that is a great sin of the king.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तरह वैश्य-धर्मसे भी जीवन-निर्वाह कर सकता है या नहीं?

English

When officials take things out of desire or under the sway of wealth from those piteously begging, that is a great slaughter by the king.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कृषिगोरक्ष्यमास्थाय व्यसने वृत्तिसंक्षये

English

A great tree is born and grows, and beings rest on it; when the tree is cut or burned, those who rested on it become homeless.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ब्राह्मणो वैश्यधर्मेण वर्तयन् भरतर्षभ

English

When in the kingdom they practise the highest dharma, or speak of refinement or the king's qualities, and by them adharma is practised through confusion of dharma, one should quickly give up both good and bad deeds.

हिन्दी अर्थ

स्वर्गलोककी प्राप्तिके अधिकारसे वज्चित नहीं होगा

English

Where sinners flourish and go about, there the strife of the good finds the king; when the king rules men who will perish, the king's land does not prosper, lord of the earth.

हिन्दी अर्थ

वृषभान् मधुमांसं च कृतान्नं च युधिष्ठिर

English

The king who honours his minister duly and employs him in counsel and war prospers; his kingdom flourishes and he enjoys the whole earth long.

हिन्दी अर्थ

एतेषां विक्रयात् तात ब्राह्मणो नरकं व्रजेत्

English

Considering here well-done deeds and well-spoken speech, honouring them, the king attains unsurpassed dharma.

हिन्दी अर्थ

लिया जाय तो इसमें किसी प्रकार भी अधर्म नहीं होता

English

When he enjoys after sharing, does not scorn others, and slays the proud strong, that is called the dharma of a king.

हिन्दी अर्थ

व्यवहारप्रवृत्तानां तन्निबोध युधिषछ्िर

English

When he protects all by speech, body and deed, and does not tolerate even his son's wrongs, that is called the dharma of a king.

हिन्दी अर्थ

हुआ धर्म जैसा है, वैसा मैं तुम्हें बतला रहा हूँ सुनो

English

When the king guards those seeking refuge like a son and does not break the boundary, that is called the dharma of a king.

हिन्दी अर्थ

रुचितो वर्तते धर्मो न बलात् सम्प्रवर्तते

English

When, endowed with faith, he sacrifices with sacrifices with proper fees, disregarding desire and aversion, that is called the dharma of a king.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ऋषीणामितरेषां च साधु चैतदसंशयम्

English

When he wipes the tears of the wretched, helpless and aged, creating joy in men, that is called the dharma of a king.

हिन्दी अर्थ

व्युत्क्रामन्ति स्वधर्मेभ्य: क्षत्रस्य क्षीयते बलम्

English

He increases friends, draws away enemies and honours the good; that is called the dharma of a king.

हिन्दी अर्थ

एतन्मे संशयं ब्रूहि विस्तरेण नराधिप

English

He maintains truth, always gives land by right, honours guests and servants: that is called the dharma of a king.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ब्राह्मणप्रमुखा वर्णा: क्षेममिच्छेयुरात्मन:

English

Where both restraint and favour are established, the king gains the fruit of that in this world and the next.

हिन्दी अर्थ

राज्ञो बल॑ वर्धयेयुर्महेन्द्रस्येव देवता:

English

Yama is the king of the righteous, Mandhata, the supreme lord; restraining, he takes life; he who does not restrain is a sinner.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तस्माद् ब्रह्मबलेनैव समुत्थेयं विजानता

English

When he rightly takes up priests, household priests and teachers, honouring and not slighting them, that is called the dharma of a king.

हिन्दी अर्थ

पालन करनेमें लगाये रखे

English

Yama restrains all beings without distinction; that is to be imitated by the king: the subjects are to be governed duly.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सर्वे वर्णा न दुष्येयु: शस्त्रवन्तो युधिष्ठिर

English

All kings are compared to the thousand-eyed; the dharma he sees is dharma, bull among men.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सभी वर्णोके लोग हथियार उठा लें तो उन्हें कोई दोष नहीं लगता

English

Learn with carefulness forbearance, understanding, steadfastness and mind; ever inquire into the nature of beings, good and bad.

हिन्दी अर्थ

उनके लिये कौन-सा धर्म (कर्तव्य) है तथा कौन-सा महान् आश्रय?

English

Gathering all beings, giving and sweet speech; townsfolk and country folk are to be guarded as one's own subjects.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अमायया मायया च नियन्तव्यं तदा भवेत्

English

An unskilled king can never protect the subjects; kingship is a very great, very hard burden, dear one.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तेषां सर्वत्रगं तेज: स्वासु योनिषु शाम्यति

English

A king wise and brave, who knows the rod, can protect; it cannot be done by one without the rod, a weakling or the unwise.

हिन्दी अर्थ

क्षत्रं च ब्राह्म॒णं द्वेष्टि तदा नश्यन्ति ते त्रयः

English

You should test all minds of the handsome, those born in good families, skilled, devoted and learned, even those of ascetic hermitages.

हिन्दी अर्थ

टक्कर लेनेपर शान्त हो जाते हैं

English

Then you will know the supreme dharma of all beings; in your own country or another's your dharma will not perish.

हिन्दी अर्थ

दुष्टेषु सर्ववर्णेषु ब्राह्मणान् प्रति सर्वश:

English

Dharma, wealth and desire—dharma alone should be supreme; here and hereafter the knower of dharma prospers in happiness.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ब्राह्मणार्थ हि सर्वेषां शस्त्रग्रहणमिष्यते

English

Honoured men give up wives and life; so too gathering beings, giving and sweet speech.

हिन्दी अर्थ

एवमेवात्मनस्त्यागान्नान्यं धर्म विदुर्जना:

English

Carefulness and purity are greatly productive of prosperity, dear one; never be careless regarding these, Mandhata.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ब्रह्मलोकजित: स्वर्ग्यान् वीरांस्तान् मनुरब्रवीत्

English

A king should be careful, seeing the weak points of himself and others; others should not see his weak point, and he should go after theirs.

हिन्दी अर्थ

दुष्कृतस्य प्रणाशेन ततः शस्त्रहता रणे

English

This is the conduct of Vasava, Yama, Varuna and all royal sages; you too should follow it.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कारणाद् देशकालस्य देशकाल: स तादृश:

English

Do that, great king, the conduct served by royal sages; take quickly the divine path, bull of the Bharatas.

हिन्दी अर्थ

धर्म्या: पापानि कुर्वाणा गच्छन्ति परमां गतिम्

English

A king whose conduct is righteous is praised, in this world and the next, by divine sages, ancestors and Gandharvas of immeasurable splendour."

हिन्दी अर्थ

आत्मत्राणे वर्णदोषे दुर्दम्यनियमेषु च

English

Thus addressed, Mandhata by Utathya did that without fear, and alone obtained the earth.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तो उसे दोष नहीं लगता

English

You too, a lord of the earth, like Mandhata, practising dharma and protecting the earth, will gain a place in heaven."

हिन्दी अर्थ

अभीरभीक्ष्णं कौरव्य कर्ता सन्‍्मानमहति

English

for the sake of acquiring fame, or from fear (of censure and the like) or unto a benefactor. A virtuous man would not make gifts unto persons living by singing and dancing or unto those that are professional jesters, or unto a person that is intoxicated, or unto one that is insane, or unto a thief, or unto a slanderer, or unto an idiot, or unto one that is pale of hue, or unto one that is defective of a limb, or unto a dwarf, or unto a wicked person, or unto one born in a low and wicked family, or unto one that has not been sanctified by the observance of vows. No gift should be made to a Brahmana destitute of knowledge of the Vedas. Gifts should be made unto him only that is a Srotriya. \ An improper gift and an improper acceptance produce evil consequences unto both the giver and the acceptor. As a person who seeks to cross the ocean with the aid of a rock or a mass of catechu sinks along with his support, even so the giver

हिन्दी अर्थ

आज्ञा शास्त्रस्य घोरेयं न शक्ति समवेक्षते

English

"Here too they recite this ancient history, sung by the wise Vamadeva, who saw the truth of things.

हिन्दी अर्थ

क्योंकि यह इस बातकी ओर नहीं देखती कि दातामें कितने दानकी शक्ति है

English

A king named Vasumanas, Kausalya, strong and pure, questioned the great sage Vamadeva, who was famous:

हिन्दी अर्थ

मिथ्योपेतस्य यज्ञस्य किमु श्रद्धा करिष्यति

English

"Revered one, instruct me with words joined to dharma and wealth, by whose conduct I may not fall from my own dharma."

हिन्दी अर्थ

कश्चिन्महदवाप्रोति मा ते5भूद् बुद्धिरीदूृशी

English

The ascetic Vamadeva, best of reciters, said to him, who was seated golden-hued like Yayati son of Nahusha:

हिन्दी अर्थ

न यज्ञा दक्षिणाहीनास्तारयन्ति कथंचन

English

"Follow dharma alone; there is nothing higher than dharma; kings established in dharma conquer this earth.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अवश्यं तात यष्ट व्यं त्रिभिर्वर्गर्यथाविधि

English

The lord of the earth who regards dharma as higher than success in wealth and makes his mind truthful shines by dharma.

हिन्दी अर्थ

विधिपूर्वक यज्ञोंका अनुष्ठान करना चाहिए

English

A king who sees unrighteousness and acts by force soon falls away, both the first and the middle.

हिन्दी अर्थ

इत्येवं धर्मतो ध्यातमृषिभिर्थर्मचारिभि:

English

A minister who is bad and the most sinful, destroyer of the world's dharma, is to be killed; with his retinue he soon sinks.

हिन्दी अर्थ

वन्ध्यया भार्यया कोअ्डर्थ:कोड्ड थो राज्ञाप्परक्षता

English

and the acceptor (in such a case) both sink together. As a fire that is covered with wet fuel does not blaze forth, even so the acceptor of a gift who is bereft of penances and study and piety cannot confer any benefit (upon the giver). As water in a (human skull) and milk in a bag made of dog-skin become unclean in consequence of the uncleanliness of the vessels in which they are kept even so the Vedas become fruitless in a person who is not of good behaviour. One may give from compassion unto a low Brahmana who is without mantras and vows, who is ignorant of the scriptures and who harbours envy. One may, from compassion, give unto a person that is poor or afflicted or ill. But he should not give unto such a person in the belief that he would derive any (spiritual) benefit from it or that he would earn any religious merit by it. There is no doubt that a gift made to Brahmana bereft of the Vedas becomes perfectly fruitless in consequence of the fault of the recipient. As an elephant made of wood or an antelope made of leather, even so is a Brahmana that has not studied the Vedas. All the three have nothing but names. 1 As a eunuch is unproductive with women, as a cow is unproductive with a cow, as a bird lives in vain that is featherless, even so is a Brahmana that is without mantras. As grain without kernel, as a well without water, as libations poured on ashes, even so is a gift to a Brahmana void of learning. An unlearned Brahmana is an enemy (to all) and is the destroyer of the food that is presented to the gods and Pitris. A gift made to such a person goes for nothing. He is, therefore, like unto a robber (of other people's wealth). He can never succeed in acquiring regions of bliss hereafter. I have now told thee in brief, O Yudhishthira, all that was said (by Manu on that occasion). This high discourse should be listened to by all, O bull of Bharata's race.'"

हिन्दी अर्थ

यथा ह्ानर्थ: षण्ढो वा पार्थ क्षेत्र यथोषरम्

English

the uses of the state. Untruth, as that of the loyal servant or follower for protecting the life of his master. Killing, as that of an offender by the king, or in the exercise of the right of self-defence.

हिन्दी अर्थ

मेघो न वर्षते यश्न सर्वथा ते निरर्थका:

English

The functions of those men were not unlike those of the rhapsodists of ancient Greece.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कथंविधाश्र राजेन्द्र तद् ब्रूहि वदतां वर

English

On these very things the conduct of the world is established; hearing them one gains fame, renown, fortune and subjects.

हिन्दी अर्थ

छन्‍्द: सामादि विज्ञाय द्विजानां श्रुतमेव च

English

One so zealous for dharma, considering dharma and wealth, who begins after examining aims, surely gains greatness.

हिन्दी अर्थ

आदि कर्मोंका अनुष्ठान

English

A non-giver, not very affectionate, turning the subjects by the rod, a king of rash nature soon perishes.

हिन्दी अर्थ

परस्परस्य सुहृद: समन्तात् समदर्शिन:

English

One with sin done by intelligence, the unwise who does not see, joined with infamy, goes to hell after death.

हिन्दी अर्थ

इन्द्रियसंयम और मनोनिग्रह आदि गुण देखे जाते हैं, वे ही पुरोहित कहलाते हैं

English

When there is calamity of one who honours, gives, is pure and knows savour, men wish to ruin him as if it were their own.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अकामद्देषसंयुक्तस्त्रिभि: शुक्लै: समन्वित:

English

One who has no teacher in dharma and does not ask others, who is given to ease in gaining wealth, does not enjoy greatness for long.

हिन्दी अर्थ

एते महर्तव्विजस्तात सर्वे मान्या यथाहत:

English

One who gives primacy to teachers in dharma and himself looks to affairs, giving primacy to dharma, attains greatness long in the worlds."

हिन्दी अर्थ

विचार व्यक्त किया है

English

occurs in Manu, Vide Manu, Ch. II, V, 157-58.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कैसा होना चाहिए? राजा कैसे मन्त्रीपर विश्वास करे और कैसे पर न करे?

English

"The kingdom follows the king who promotes sin and has undisciplined men and soon perishes.

हिन्दी अर्थ

उसके खेतकी आड़ या मेड़को नहीं तोड़ना चाहिए

English

The livelihood by which people live of one in his natural condition, even his own people do not tolerate when he is in an uneven condition.

हिन्दी अर्थ

गृहे वसेदमात्यस्ते स स्थात् परमपूजित:

English

Where one of rash nature does something excessive, a king not marked by the scriptures soon perishes.

हिन्दी अर्थ

विश्वासस्ते भवेत् तत्र यथा पितरि वै तथा

English

A kshatriya who does not follow the long-practised livelihood toward the conquered and unconquered falls from kshatriya dharma.

हिन्दी अर्थ

एकार्थे होव भूतानां भेदो भवति सर्वदा

English

A king who, having taken in battle an enemy who has done his deed, does not honour him out of hatred falls from kshatriya dharma.

हिन्दी अर्थ

समर्थान् यश्न न द्वेष्टि नानर्थान् कुरुते च यः:

English

A king should be able, of pleasant face, and show kindness in calamity; he becomes dear to beings and does not fall from fortune.

हिन्दी अर्थ

शुरक्षार्याश्न विद्वांश्व प्रतिपत्तिविशारद:

English

Whoever does unpleasantness to him, to him he should do pleasantness more; he who does what is pleasant to one unpleasant soon becomes dear.

हिन्दी अर्थ

पूजिता: संविभक्ताश्न सुसहाया: स्वनुछिता:

English

He should avoid falsehood, do what is pleasant unasked, and not abandon dharma from desire, rage or hatred.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अन्यायवृत्तः पुरुषो न परस्य न चात्मन:

English

He should not be ashamed of questions, nor utter overbearing speech, nor hurry, nor be envious; so he gathers others.

हिन्दी अर्थ

नातिसम्यक् प्रणीतानि ब्राह्मणानां महात्मनाम्

English

He should not rejoice too much at the pleasant, nor burn at the unpleasant, nor be bewildered in hard matters, remembering the welfare of the subjects.

हिन्दी अर्थ

एतत् तपो विदुर्धीरा न शरीरस्य शोषणम्

English

The lord of the earth who ever does the pleasant for the deserving, his works succeed and fortune does not leave him.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तप माना है। केवल शरीरको सुखाना ही तप नहीं है

English

One turned back from the hostile, following the pleasant, a king should serve the devoted; that is the conduct of the good here.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अव्यवस्था पैदा करना--ये सब दुर्गुण अपना ही नाश करनेवाले हैं

English

He should employ in a great task one with senses not scattered, wise, wholly devoted, pure, able and loving.

हिन्दी अर्थ

चित्ति: ख्रुक् चित्तमाज्यं च पवित्र ज्ञानमुत्तमम्

English

One endowed with merits so, who does not please the king and is envious of the master's aims, he should not employ in a task.

हिन्दी अर्थ

एतावान् ज्ञानविषय: कि प्रलाप: करिष्यति

English

The foolish, the sensual, the greedy, the ignoble, the crafty, the one who has not passed tests, the violent, the ill-minded and the unlearned,

हिन्दी अर्थ

ज्ञानका विषय है और सब प्रलापमात्र है, वह किस काम आयेगा?

English

the abandoned, the drunk, the addicted to dice, women and hunting: the king who employs such in a great task falls from fortune.

हिन्दी अर्थ

पुरुषेणासहायेन किमु राज्ञा पितामह

English

A king who guards himself and protects those to be protected has subjects who prosper, and surely gains greatness.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सहायताके बिना महान् राज्यका संचालन कैसे कर सकता है?

English

He should have all kings watched by friends who are unknown; thus a king is not harmed.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सहार्थो भजमानश्न सहज: कृत्रिमस्तथा

English

Having wronged one in strength, he should not be reassured that he is far; these fall on the careless as birds of prey follow.

हिन्दी अर्थ

यतो धर्मस्ततो वा स्याद् धर्मस्थो वा ततो भवेत्

English

Firm-rooted and pure of soul, knowing his own strength, he should attack the weak, not the stronger.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सर्वे नित्यं शड्कितव्या: प्रत्यक्ष कार्यमात्मन:

English

Having won the earth by valour and protected the subjects by dharma, a king devoted to dharma should meet death in battle.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ही दृष्टिमें रखकर सभी प्रकारके मित्रोंसे सदा सतर्क रहना चाहिए

English

All this ends in death; nothing here is free of disease; therefore a king established in dharma should protect the subjects by dharma.

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्रमादिनं हि राजानं लोका: परिभवन्त्युत

English

Protection, administration of justice, war, instruction in dharma and counsel, and happiness in due time: by these five the earth prospers.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अरिश्व मित्र भवति मित्र चापि प्रदुष्पति

English

The king, best of kings, by whom these are guarded, constantly acting here, enjoys this earth.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तस्मात्प्रधानं यत् कार्य प्रत्यक्ष तत् समाचरेत्

English

These cannot be watched continuously by one alone; establishing trusted men in them, a king enjoys the earth long.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अविश्वासश्च सर्वत्र मृत्युना च विशिष्यते

English

People love a giver, a sharer, gentle and pure, one who does not abandon his men.

हिन्दी अर्थ

यस्मिन् करोति विश्वासमिच्छतस्तस्य जीवति

English

One who, knowing the supreme good, accepts that knowledge, setting aside his own opinion, is followed by the world.

हिन्दी अर्थ

न तत्रानिच्छतस्तस्य भियद्येरन् सर्वसेतव:

English

One who does not tolerate the words of an asker for wealth out of hostility, and listens to the unpleasant with an absent mind, ...

हिन्दी अर्थ

यमेवंलक्षणं विद्यात् तममित्र विनिर्दिशेत्

English

One who does not utterly understand the intellect of non-rustic conduct falls from kshatriya dharma, toward the conquered and unconquered.

हिन्दी अर्थ

एतदुत्तममित्रस्य निमित्तमिति चक्षते

English

One who abandons chief ministers and favours lesser ones falls into calamity and finds no foothold, afflicted.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तस्मिन् कुर्वीत विश्वासं यथा पितरि वै तथा

English

One who does not esteem kinsmen of good qualities out of hatred, weak of self and strong in anger, his wealth does not stay near.

हिन्दी अर्थ

समान विश्वास करना चाहिए

English

One who, having subdued those endowed with merits, even though unpleasant to the heart, with kindness, stays long in fame.

हिन्दी अर्थ

नित्यं क्षताद् वारयति यो धर्मेष्वपि कर्मसु

English

He should not apply aims at the wrong time, nor burn at the unpleasant, nor rejoice too much at the pleasant, but be engaged in healthy work.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ये तस्य क्षतमिच्छन्ति ते तस्य रिपव: स्मृता:

English

"Which kings are devoted to me, which are in refuge from fear, and what are their neutral faults?"—he should ever consider.

हिन्दी अर्थ

यत् स्यादेवंविध॑ मित्र तदात्मसममुच्यते

English

He should never, being strong, trust in the weak; these fall like bharunda birds on the careless.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कुलीन: शीलसम्पन्न: स ते स्यात् प्रत्यनन्तर:

English

Even a master endowed with all merits and pleasant in speech is betrayed by a sinful soul; therefore he should fear men.

हिन्दी अर्थ

यो मानितो5मानितो वा न च दुष्येत् कदाचन

English

This secret teaching of kings was told by Yayati son of Nahusha; engaged in the conquest of men, he slew unsurpassed enemies."

हिन्दी अर्थ

युक्ता महत्सु कार्येषु श्रेयांस्युत्थापयन्त्युत

English

" Yudhishthira said, 'O holy and great ascetic, I desire to hear in detail what the duties of kings are and what the duties, in full, of all the four orders. I desire also to hear, O foremost of Brahmanas, what behaviour should be adopted in seasons of distress, and how I may subjugate the world by treading along the path of morality. This discourse on expiation, treating (at the same time) of fasts and capable of exciting great curiosity, fills me with joy. The practice of virtue and the discharge of kingly duties are always inconsistent with each other. For always thinking of how one may reconcile the two, my mind is constantly stupefied.'

हिन्दी अर्थ

राजाके विनाशका समर्थन कुट॒म्बीके सिवा दूसरा नहीं कर सकता

English

"He should not seek the unobtained when his root is not very firm; for no gain is prescribed for a king with a weak root.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अज्ञातिमन्तं पुरुष परे चाभिभवन्त्युत

English

A king whose country is prosperous, rich, whose king is dear, whose ministers are content and well fed, is firm-rooted.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तेषु सन्ति गुणाश्रैव नैर्गुण्यं चैव लक्ष्यते

English

A king whose warriors are well contented, comforted and well stationed conquers the earth even with a little rod.

हिन्दी अर्थ

उभयं ज्ञातिवर्गेषु दृश्यते साथ्वसाधु च

English

A king whose townsfolk and country folk are devoted and well honoured, rich and with grain, is firm-rooted.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कुर्याच्च प्रियमेतेभ्यो नाप्रियं किज्चिदाचरेत्

English

When he deems his might and time greater than another's, then a wise man may seek enemy land and wealth.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अमित्रा: संप्रसीदन्ति तथा मित्रीभवन्त्यपि

English

The domain of one hasty in enjoyments, merciless, and of one compassionate to beings, increases when he guards himself.

हिन्दी अर्थ

मित्रेष्वमित्रे मध्यस्थे चिरं यशसि तिष्ठति

English

One who acts falsely among his own who act rightly cuts himself, as one cuts a forest with an axe.

हिन्दी अर्थ

मित्रेष्वमित्रेष्वपि च कथं भावो विभाव्यते

English

Enemies of a king are not diminished even when he kills them constantly; one who knows how to restrain anger has no enemy."

हिन्दी अर्थ

अनुतिष्ठन्ति चैवार्थमाचक्षाणा: परस्परम्

English

" Vaisampayana continued, 'Then Vyasa, O monarch, that foremost of all persons conversant with the Vedas, casting his eyes upon that ancient

हिन्दी अर्थ

उपराजेव राजर्धि ज्ञातिर्न सहते सदा

English

and all-knowing person, viz., Narada, said, If, O king, thou wishest to hear of duties and morality in full, then ask Bhishma, O mighty-armed one, that old grandsire of the Kurus. Conversant with all duties and possessed of universal knowledge, that son of Bhagirathi will remove all the doubts in thy heart on the difficult subject of duties. That goddess, viz., the genius of the celestial river of three courses brought him forth. He saw with his physical eyes all the gods with Indra at their head. Having gratified with his dutiful services the celestial Rishis having Vrihaspati at their head, he acquired a knowledge of the duties of kings. That foremost one among the Kurus obtained a knowledge also of that science, with its interpretations, with Usanas and that regenerate one who is the preceptor of the celestials know. Having practised rigid vows, that mighty-armed one acquired a knowledge of all the Vedas and their branches, from Vasishtha and from Chyavana of Bhrigu's race. In olden days he studied under the eldest-born son of the Grandsire himself, viz., Sanatkumara of blazing splendour, well conversant with the truths of mental and spiritual science. He learnt the duties in full of the Yatis from the lips of Markandeya. The bull among men obtained all weapons from Rama and Sakra. Although born among human beings, his death itself is still under his own control. Although childless, yet he has many regions of bliss hereafter as heard by us. Regenerate Rishis of great merit were always his courtiers. There is nothing among objects that should be known that is unknown to him. Conversant with all duties and acquainted with all the subtle truths of morality, even he will discourse to thee upon duty and morality. Go unto him before he abandons his life breath. Thus addressed by him, the high-souled son of Kunti, of great wisdom, said the following words unto Satyavati's son Vyasa, that first of eloquent men.'

हिन्दी अर्थ

उसी प्रकार एक कुट॒म्बी दूसरे कुटुम्बीका अभ्युदय कभी नहीं सह सकता

English

"Yudhishthira said, 'Having caused a great and horrid slaughter of kinsmen, I have become an offender against all and a destroyer of the earth. Having caused that Bhishma himself, that warrior who always fought fairly, to be slain by the aid of deceit, how shall I approach him for asking him (about duties and

हिन्दी अर्थ

नान्यो ज्ञातेर्महाबाहो विनाशमभिनन्दति

English

Told so by Vamadeva, the king did all that. Doing likewise, you too will surely conquer both worlds.

हिन्दी अर्थ

श्रीकृष्णके भूतपूर्व संवादरूप इतिहासका उदाहरण दिया करते हैं

English

" Vaisampayana continued, 'Moved by the desire of benefiting all the four orders, the mighty armed and high-souled chief of Yadu's race once more addressed that foremost of kings (in the following words).'

हिन्दी अर्थ

तो दूसरेकी भी पराजय नहीं चाहता

English

"A king, with or without allies, coming to the kingdom, should say: "I am your king, and I shall always protect you.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अक्र्ूरभोजप्रभवा सर्वे होते त्ववन्वया:

English

What lawful tax will you give me? Will you accept me?" If they choose him who has come, it would be well.

हिन्दी अर्थ

आपके ही वंशके हैं

English

If they, though not kshatriyas, oppose in any way, they are to be restrained by all means, lord of men, as those standing in wrong deeds.

हिन्दी अर्थ

आत्मना प्राप्तमैश्वर्यमन्यत्र प्रतिपादितम्

English

Another, deeming the kshatriya powerless, takes up a weapon, thinking him incapable even of protection.

हिन्दी अर्थ

न शक्‍यं पुनरादातुं वान्तमन्नमिव त्वया

English

"Then, grandsire, a kshatriya king who approaches a kshatriya—how should he be opposed? Tell me that."

हिन्दी अर्थ

हुए ऐश्वर्यको वापस नहीं ले सकते

English

"A kshatriya should not be fought in battle unarmed or without armour; he should be told one by one, "Let go and I strike."

हिन्दी अर्थ

ज्ञातिभेदभयात् कृष्ण त्वया चापि विशेषत:

English

If he comes armoured, one should be armoured; if he comes with an army, one with an army should challenge him.

हिन्दी अर्थ

वापस नहीं ले सकते

English

If he fights with deceit, one should fight him with deceit; if he fights by dharma, one should resist him only by dharma.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अपण्डितो वापि सुहृत् पण्डितो वाप्यनात्मवान्

English

" Vasudeva said, 'It behoveth thee not to show such pertinacity in grief. Do that, O best of kings, which the holy Vyasa has said. The Brahmanas, O mighty-armed one, and these thy brothers of great energy, stand before thee beseechingly like persons beseeching the deity of the clouds at the close of summer. The unslain remnant of the assembled kings, and the people belonging to all the four orders of thy kingdom of Kurujangala, O king, are here. For the sake of doing what is agreeable to these high-souled Brahmanas, in obedience also to the command of thy revered senior Vyasa of immeasurable energy, and at the request of out-selves that are thy well-wishers, and of Draupadi, O scorcher of foes, do what is agreeable to us, O slayer of foes, and what is beneficial to the world.'

हिन्दी अर्थ

कृत्स्नं बुद्धिबल प्रेक्ष्य सम्पृच्छेस्त्रेदिवंगम

English

"Vaisampayana continued. 'Thus addressed by Krishna, the high-souled

हिन्दी अर्थ

जिज्ञासा प्रकट करता है

English

king (Yudhishthira) of eyes like lotus petals, rose from his seat for the good of the whole world. The tiger among men, viz., Yudhishthira of great fame, besought by Krishna himself, by the Island-born (Vyasa), by Devasthana, by Jishnu, by these and many others, cast off his grief and anxiety. Fully conversant with the declarations of the Srutis, with the science that treats of the interpretation of those declarations, and with all that men usually hear and all that deserve to be heard, the son of Pandu obtained peace of mind and resolved upon that he should next do. Surrounded by all of them like the moon by the stars, the king, placing Dhritarashtra at the head of the train, set out for entering the city. Desirous of entering the city, Kunti's son Yudhishthira, conversant with every duty, offered worship unto the gods and thousands of Brahmanas. He then ascended a new and white car covered with blankets and deerskins, and unto which were yoked sixteen white bullocks possessed of auspicious marks, and which had been sanctified with Vedic mantras. Adored by panegyrists and bards, the king mounted upon that car like Soma riding upon his own ambrosial vehicle. His brother Bhima of terrible prowess took the reins. Arjuna held over his head a white umbrella of great effulgence. That white umbrella held upon the car looked beautiful like a star-decked white cloud in the firmament. The two heroic sons of Madri, viz., Nakula and Sahadeva, took up two yak- tails white as the rays of the moon and adorned with gems for fanning the king. The five brothers decked with ornaments, having ascended the car, O king, looked like the five elements (that enter into the composition of everybody). Riding upon another white car unto which were yoked steeds fleet as thought, Yuyutsu, O king, followed the eldest son of Pandu behind. Upon his own brilliant car of gold unto which were yoked Saivya and Sugriva, Krishna, with Satyaki, followed the Kurus. The eldest uncle of Pritha's son, O Bharata, accompanied by Gandhari, proceeded at the head of the train, upon a vehicle borne on the shoulders of men. The other ladies of the Kuru household, as also Kunti and Krishna, all proceeded on excellent vehicles, headed by Vidura. Behind followed a large number of cars and elephants decked with ornaments, and foot-soldiers and steeds. His praises chanted by sweet- voiced panegyrists and bards, the king proceeded towards the city called after the elephant. The progress, O mighty-armed one, of king Yudhishthira, became so beautiful that its like had never been on earth. Teeming with healthy and cheerful men, thy busy hum of innumerable voices

हिन्दी अर्थ

अर्ध भोक्तास्मि भोगानां वाग्दुरुक्तानि च क्षमे

English

One with weapon broken, horses lost, bowstring cut and vehicle destroyed should be healed in his own country or sent to his own house; even an unwounded one should be released: this is the eternal dharma.

हिन्दी अर्थ

वाचा दुरुक्तं देवर्षे तन्मे दहति नित्यदा

English

Therefore one should fight by dharma, said Manu Svayambhuva; in the good the dharma of the good is ever, and relying on it one should not destroy it.

हिन्दी अर्थ

होते हुए भी मैं असहाय हूँ

English

A kshatriya who conquers by unrighteousness, growing, kills himself by himself, a sinner living by deceit.

हिन्दी अर्थ

नित्योत्थानेन सम्पन्ना नारदान्धकवृष्णय:

English

This is the work of the wicked: the good should conquer the wicked; death by dharma is better than victory by sin.

हिन्दी अर्थ

द्वाभ्यां निवारितो नित्यं वृणोम्पेकतरं न च

English

Adharma practised, O king, does not bear fruit at once like a cow; burning its roots and branches, it follows.

हिन्दी अर्थ

यस्य चापि न तौ स्यातां कि नु दुःखतरं ततः

English

Having obtained wealth by sinful action, the sinner is delighted; growing by theft, the sinner clings to sin.

हिन्दी अर्थ

एकस्य जयमाशंसे द्वितीयस्यापराजयम्

English

Thinking "There is no dharma," as if laughing at the pure, by lack of faith he goes to destruction.

हिन्दी अर्थ

वक्तुमहसि यच्छेयो ज्ञातीनामात्मनस्तथा

English

Bound by Varuna's nooses, he thinks himself immortal, swelling like a great bellows, he grows by his own deed.

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्रादुर्भवन्ति वाष्णेय स्वकृता यदि वान्यत:

English

Then he is uprooted like a tree from a river bank; and then they revile him like a pot broken on a stone; therefore a king should seek victory by dharma as he wishes."