Shanti Parva

हिन्दी अर्थ

त्यागने योग्य अशुभ कर्मको देखती है

English

may take high taxes, but he should never levy such taxes as would emasculate his people. No tax should be levied without ascertaining the outturn and the amount of labour that has been necessary to produce it. Nobody would work or seek for outturns without sufficient cause. I The king should, after reflection, levy taxes in such a way that he and the person who labours to produce the article taxed may both share the value. The king should not, by his thirst, destroy his own foundations as also those of others. He should always avoid those acts in consequence of which he may become an object of hatred to his people. Indeed, by acting in this way he may succeed in winning popularity. The subjects hate that king who earns a notoriety for voraciousness of appetite (in the matter of taxes and imposts). Whence can a king who becomes an object of hatred have prosperity? Such a king can never acquire what is for his good. A king who is possessed of sound intelligence should milk his kingdom after the analogy of (men acting in the matter of) calves. If the calf be permitted to suck, it grows

हिन्दी अर्थ

पज्चप्रकारान् ससृजे प्रजानाम्

English

[Vyasa said:] "Then, when all the unmoving and moving have dissolved, the earth is seen without wood or grass, like a tortoise's back.

हिन्दी अर्थ

आदि पाँचों विषयोंकी सृष्टि की है जलात् प्रसूता जगती जगत्यां जायते जगत्

English

When the waters take also the quality of earth, smell, then the earth, its smell taken, becomes fit for dissolution.

हिन्दी अर्थ

मोक्ष च ते वै परमाप्नुवन्ति

English

Then the waters stand, wavy and loud-sounding, filling all this, and standing and moving.

हिन्दी अर्थ

परमात्माको प्राप्त हो जाते हैं। उनका पुनः इस संसारमें जन्म नहीं होता न्न रूपवत्तत् परमस्वभावम्

English

When light takes the qualities of the waters, dear, then the waters, their qualities taken, cease, and the lights.

हिन्दी अर्थ

गृह्नन्त्यनध्यात्मविदो मनुष्या:

English

When the flaming rays hide the sun standing in the midst, the whole sky is filled with rays and blazes.

हिन्दी अर्थ

मनुष्य परमात्मतत्त्वका अनुभव नहीं कर सकते सतत: परं पश्यति स्वं स्वभावम्

English

When wind takes also the quality of light, form, then the light is quenched, and the great wind is shaken.

हिन्दी अर्थ

साक्षात्कार कर सकता है

English

Then the wind, reaching its own root of origin, blows below, above, across, in the ten directions.

हिन्दी अर्थ

यत् कारणं ते समुदायमाहु: स्वरूपभूत परब्रह्म परमात्मा है

English

When space swallows the quality of wind, touch, then the wind is stilled, and space stands soundless.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ज्ज्ञाने फलं पश्य यथा विशिष्टम् पज्चात्मकं कर्मफलं वदन्ति

English

strong, O Bharata, and bears heavy burthens. If, on the other hand, O Yudhishthira, the cow be milked too much, the calf becomes lean and fails to do much service to the owner. Similarly, if the kingdom be drained much, the subjects fail to achieve any act that is great. That king who protects his kingdom himself and shows favour to his subjects (in the matter of taxes and imposts) and supports himself upon what is easily obtained, succeeds in earning many grand results. Does not the king then obtain wealth sufficient for enabling him to cope with his wants? l The entire kingdom, in that case, becomes to him his treasury, while that which is his treasury becomes his bed chamber. If the inhabitants of the cities and the provinces be poor, the king should, whether they depend upon him immediately or mediately, show them compassion to the best of his power. Chastising all robbers that infest the outskirts, the king should protect the people of his villages and make them happy. The subjects, in the case, becoming sharers of the king's weal and woe, feel exceedingly gratified with him. Thinking, in the first instance, of collecting wealth, the king should repair to the chief centres of his kingdom one after another and endeavour to inspire his people with fright. He should say unto them, 'Here, calamity threatens us. A great danger has arisen in consequence of the acts of the foe. There is every reason, however, to hope that the danger will pass away, for the enemy, like a bamboo that has flowered, will very soon meet with destruction. Many foes of mine, having risen up and combined with a large number of robbers, desire to put our kingdom into difficulties, for meeting with destruction themselves. In view of this great calamity fraught with dreadful danger, I solicit your wealth for devising the means of your protection. When the danger passes away, I will give you what I now take. Our foes, however, will not give back what they (if unopposed) will take from you by force. On the other hand (if unopposed), they will even slay all your relatives beginning with your very spouses. You certainly desire wealth for the sake of your children and wives. I am glad at your prosperity, and I beseech you as I would my own children. I shall take from you what it may be within your power to give me. I do not wish to give pain to any one. In seasons of calamity, you should, like strong bulls, bear such burthens. In seasons of distress, wealth should not be so dear to you. A king conversant with the considerations relating to Time should, with such agreeable, sweet, and complimentary words, send his agents and collect imposts from his people. Pointing out to them the necessity of repairing his fortifications and of defraying the expenses of his establishment and other heads, inspiring them with the fear of foreign invasion, and impressing them with the necessity that exists for protecting them and enabling them to ensure the means of living in peace, the king should

हिन्दी अर्थ

यज्ञ-कर्मका पूरा-पूरा फल प्राप्त होता है, ऐसा विद्वान् पुरुष कहते हैं

English

Entering its quality, the moon swallows the mind; when the mind ceases, the self rests in the moon.

हिन्दी अर्थ

उसका भोक्ता देहाभिमानी जीव--ये सभी तीन-तीन प्रकारके होते हैं देतत् फलं सिद्धाति कर्मलोके

English

After a great time, intention brings him under its sway; intention swallows thought, and that is the highest knowledge.

हिन्दी अर्थ

जो उनका फल भोमनेके लिये प्राप्त शरीरमें होती है, वह हैवाधीन है

English

Time swallows knowledge; scripture says Time is strength; Time swallows strength, but the learned one brings it under his control.

हिन्दी अर्थ

दुःखस्य चाप्यायतनं शरीरम् न्‍्मनःस्थ एवायमुपाश्चुते तत्

English

The learned one then brings the sound of space into himself; that unmanifest is the supreme Brahman, eternal and unsurpassed; so all beings have Brahman alone as their return.

हिन्दी अर्थ

शुभाशुभं॑ कर्मफलं भुनक्ति

English

This has been rightly told as it is, without doubt; it is to be understood as seen by yogis whose selves are supreme, made of knowledge.

हिन्दी अर्थ

शुभाशुभ फल भोगना पड़ता है तदुच्यमानं शृणु मे परं॑ यत्

English

Thus expansion and contraction of Brahman in the unmanifest occur again and again, at the beginning of the thousand ages, of the day and likewise of the night."

हिन्दी अर्थ

कारण है। उसके सिवा जो कुछ है, सब कार्यमात्र है

English

levy imposts upon the Vaisyas of his realm. If the king disregards the Vaisyas, they become lost to him, and abandoning his dominions remove themselves to the woods. The king should, therefore, behave with leniency towards them. The king, O son of Pritha, should always conciliate

हिन्दी अर्थ

अतः वह सबको जाननेवाला साक्षी सर्वोत्कृष्ट देहका स्वामी आत्मा एक है हुताशनं वायुरिवेन्धनस्थम्

English

[Vyasa said:] "From birth rites on, a man's rites with their fees go on until his return home from the teacher who is a master of the Veda.

हिन्दी अर्थ

चन्द्र एव त्वमावास्यां तथा भवति मूर्तिमान्

English

Having studied all the Vedas, devoted to serving his teacher, free of debt to his teachers, the knower of sacrifice should return home.

हिन्दी अर्थ

मनसा चान्यथा कांक्षन् परं न प्रतिपद्यते

English

Permitted by his teacher, he should follow one of the four stages until the release of his body, according to rule:

हिन्दी अर्थ

यथादर्शतले प्रख्ये पश्यत्यात्मानमात्मनि स्वच्छ दर्पणमें ही मानव अपने प्रतिबिम्बको अच्छी तरह देख पाता है

English

by begetting offspring with a wife, or by celibacy, in the forest or in the teacher's presence, or by the dharma of the ascetic.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तस्मादिन्द्रियरूपेभ्यो यच्छेदात्मानमात्मना

English

The householder is called the root of all four; in it the self-controlled whose passions are ripened succeeds everywhere.

हिन्दी अर्थ

बुद्धेः परतरं ज्ञानं ज्ञानातू परतरं महत् परमात्मा श्रेष्ठ है

English

With offspring, learned in the Veda, a sacrificer, freed from the three divine debts, afterward, purified, he goes by deeds to the other stages.

हिन्दी अर्थ

मनः श्रोत्रादिभिययुक्त शब्दादीन् साधु पश्यति

English

He should dwell at the most holy place on earth, a seat of learning; and strive there to reach eminence and excellent fame.

हिन्दी अर्थ

उन्हें त्यागकर अमृतस्वरूप परमात्माको प्राप्त हो जाता है स एवास्तमपागच्छंस्तदेवात्मनि यच्छति

English

By great austerity, by crossing to the far shore of the sciences, by sacrifice, or by gifts to brahmanas, his fame grows.

हिन्दी अर्थ

स्वकर्मजैज्ञानमिदं निबद्धम् अधम शरीरोंमें यह चिन्मय ज्ञान बिना किसी विरोधके स्थित रहता है

English

and protect the Vaisyas, adopt measures for inspiring them with a sense of security and for ensuring them in the enjoyment of what they possess, and always do what is agreeable to them. The king, O Bharata, should always act in such a way towards the Vaisyas that their productive powers may be enhanced. The Vaisyas increase the strength of a kingdom, improve its agriculture, and develop its trade. A wise king, therefore, should always gratify them. Acting with heedfulness and leniency, he should levy mild imposts upon them. It is always easy to behave with goodness towards the Vaisyas. There is nothing productive of greater good to a kingdom, O Yudhishthira, then the adoption of such behaviour towards the Vaisyas of the realm.'"

हिन्दी अर्थ

ज्ञानैकदेश: परम: स तेभ्य:

English

not left, one would refrain absolutely from work. The king, therefore, in taxing the outturns of work, should leave such a margin of profit to the producers.

हिन्दी अर्थ

स्तद्वच्छरीराणि शरीरिणां तु छित्त्वा न पश्यन्ति ततो यदन्यत्

English

resources at his disposal.

हिन्दी अर्थ

बुध: परं पश्यति तं स्वभावम्

English

For one dwelling in a house there is no other holy place than receiving, for gods, sages, ancestors, teachers, and the old, the weak and the hungry.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ऐसा नहीं जानता, वही एक शरीरसे दूसरे शरीरमें जन्म लेता रहता है गच्छत्यदृष्ट: फलसंनियोगात्

English

To those scorched in hiding and wishing to eat, he should give as he can, even more than is made, even beyond ability.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ते त॑ न पश्यन्ति स पश्यते तान्

English

For the worthy and fitting there is nothing that should not be given; the good know that even the horse Uchchaihshravas should be brought.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तदाश्रयं चैव बिभर्ति रूपम् शरीरका आश्रय ले उसीको अपना स्वरूप मानकर धारण करता है

English

So, appeased, Kavya of true pledge and great vow went to heaven, having saved a brahmana's life with his own life.

हिन्दी अर्थ

जाकर पाँचों भूतोंका आश्रय ले लेते हैं

English

Rantideva and Sankritya, having given water to the great-souled Vasishtha, are honoured in the back of heaven, giving cold and hot.

हिन्दी अर्थ

वाय्वात्मक: स्पर्शकृतो गुणश्व अनुगमन करते हैं अर्थात् मनके द्वारा फल प्रदान करते हैं

English

Atreya, having given manifold wealth to the worthy Chandra and Damaya, the wise king, went to endless worlds.

हिन्दी अर्थ

स्तस्मात् स एक: परम: शरीरी

English

Shibi Aushinara, having offered his limbs and his dear son of his body for a brahmana's sake, went from here to the back of heaven.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तथा कृतं पश्यति तद् विनश्यति

English

Pratardana, lord of Kashi, having given his own eyes to a brahmana, gains incomparable fame here and hereafter.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सर्वज्ञ: सर्वदर्शी च सर्वज्ञस्तानि पश्यति सबका साक्षी है। सर्वज्ञ होनेके कारण ही वह उन सबको जानता है

English

Devavridha, having given a divine umbrella with polished ribs, golden and of great splendour, went to heaven with his weapons.

हिन्दी अर्थ

न दृष्टपूर्व मनुजैर्न च तन्नास्ति तावता

English

Sankriti and Atreya, having taught the qualityless Brahman to their disciples, of great radiance, went to the highest worlds.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कारण मनुष्य उसके परायण-आश्रित नहीं है धिया समनुपश्यन्ति तद्गता: सवितुर्गतिम्

English

Ambarisha, the mighty, having given eleven hundred millions of cows to brahmanas, went to heaven with his weapons.

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्रत्यासन्न॑ निनीषन्ति ज्ञेयं ज्ञानाभिसंहितम्

English

Savitri her two divine earrings, Janamejaya his body, having given up for a brahmana's sake, went to the highest world.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सूत्रजालैर्यथा मत्स्यान् बध्नन्ति जलजीविन: तद्वन्मूर्तिषु मूर्तिस्थं ज्ञेयं ज्ञानेन पश्यति

English

Vrishadarbhi gave all jewels, Yuvanashva dear women and a lovely dwelling, and reached that world.

हिन्दी अर्थ

शरीरोंमें शरीरस्थ ज्ञेयस्वरूप आत्माको ज्ञानके द्वारा ही जान सकता है

English

Nimi of Videha gave his kingdom, Jamadagnya gave the earth to brahmanas, and Gaya gave the earth with cities.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तथैवेह परा बुद्धि: परं बोध्यं न पश्यति न च नाशोस्य भवति तथा विद्धि शरीरिणम्

English

When the rain did not fall, Vasishtha repeatedly revived all beings, as Prajapati the subjects.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तद्वल्लिड्डान्तरं प्राप्प शरीरी भ्राजते पुन:

English

Marutta, king and son of Karandhama, having given his daughter to Angiras, quickly went to heaven.

हिन्दी अर्थ

उसी प्रकार जीवात्मा दूसरा शरीर धारण करके पुनः प्रकट हो जाता है सा तु चान्द्रमसी वृत्ति्न तु तस्य शरीरिण:

English

Brahmadatta of Panchala, best of the wise, a king, having given the treasure Shankha to the best of the twice-born, gained the worlds.

हिन्दी अर्थ

वही है--ऐसा समझना चाहिए) विसृजंश्नोपसर्पश्च॒ तद्बत् पश्य शरीरिणम्

English

King Mitrasaha too, having given his dear Madayanti to the great-souled Vasishtha, went to heaven with her.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तद्वच्छरीरसंयुक्त: शरीरीत्युपलभ्यते

English

The royal sage Sahasrajit of great fame, having given up his dear life for a brahmana's sake, went to the highest worlds.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तद्धच्छरीरनिर्मुक्त: शरीरी नोपलभ्यते तद्वच्छरीरनिर्मुक्त: फलैर्युज्यति कर्मण:

English

Shatadyumna, lord of the earth, having given a golden house filled with all desires to Mudgala, went to heaven.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ज्ञानमिन्द्रियसंयुक्तं तद्धत् प्रेत्य भवाभवौ

English

The mighty king of Shalva, named Dyutiman, having given his kingdom to Richika, went to the highest worlds.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तद्वव्प्रसन्नेन्द्रियत्वाउज्ञेयं ज्ञानेन पश्यति साक्षात्कार कर सकता है

English

Madirashva the royal sage, having given his slender-waisted daughter to Hiranyahasta, went to the worlds praised by the gods.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तथेन्द्रियाकुली भावे ज्ञेयं ज्ञाने न पश्यति

English

Lomapada the royal sage, the lord, having given his daughter Shanta to Rishyashringa, was joined with abundant desires.

हिन्दी अर्थ

दुष्टस्य मनस: पठ्च सम्प्रदुष्यन्ति मानसा: अदृष्टवच्च भूतात्मा विषयेभ्यो निवर्तते

English

King Prasenajit of great splendour, having given a hundred thousand cows with calves, went to the highest worlds.

हिन्दी अर्थ

इच्छाके कारण बारंबार इस संसारमें आता और जन्म ग्रहण करता है

English

These and many others, great souls, of refined selves and master of their senses, went to heaven by giving and austerity.

हिन्दी अर्थ

निवर्तते तदा तर्ष: पापमन्तगतं यदा जाती है, तभी उसकी तृष्णा निवृत्त हो जाती है

English

Their fame is established as long as the earth stands; for by giving, sacrifice and creating offspring they gained heaven."

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्राप्येन्द्रिययुणान् पजच सोस्तमावृत्य गच्छति

English

"Yudhishthira said: 'Tell me, O grandsire, how should the king should behave if, notwithstanding his great wealth, he desires for more.'

हिन्दी अर्थ

अशोचन् प्रतिकुर्वीत यदि पश्येदुपक्रमम् स्निग्धस्य चेन्द्रियार्थेषु मोहान्मरणमप्रियम्

English

[Vyasa said:] "Those skilled in Vedic disputations and skilled in the self, who are good and greatly fortunate, see origin and dissolution.

हिन्दी अर्थ

निनीषेत् परमं ब्रह्म विशुद्धेनान्तरात्मना

English

So he should live by dharma and act as the refined do; a brahmin should seek livelihood without hindering beings.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तथा हि परमं ब्रह्म विमुक्तं प्रकृते: परम् निवर्तन्ते निवृत्तौ च स्वर्ग चैवोपयान्ति च

English

One who has received knowledge from the good, refined, skilled in the shastras, doing his work in the world by his own dharma, true to his pledge,

हिन्दी अर्थ

अहंकारो5भिमानश्व समूहो भूतसंज्ञक:

English

the householder stands in these good deeds; that twice-born should always sacrifice with the five sacrifices, with faith.

हिन्दी अर्थ

द्वितीया मिथुनव्यक्तिमविशेषान्नियच्छति रागवान् प्रकृतिं होति विरक्तो ज्ञानवान् भवेत्

English

Steadfast, careful, self-controlled, knower of dharma, self-possessed, free of joy, fear and anger, a brahmana does not fall.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अथ तद् रक्ष्यते ब्रह्म मणौ सूत्रमिवापितम्

English

Giving, study, sacrifice, austerity, modesty, honesty and self-control increase his energy and draw away sin.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सर्वत्र व्याप्त परब्रह्मका साक्षात्कार कर लेता है मुक्तास्वथ प्रवालेषु मृन्मये राजते तथा

English

With sin shaken off, wise, light of diet, master of his senses, having brought desire and anger under control, he should wish to lead himself to the seat of Brahman.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तद्धत् कीटपतड्लेषु प्रसक्तात्मा स्वकर्मभि:

English

He should honour the fires and brahmanas, bow to the deities, and avoid harsh speech and violence joined with adharma.

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्राप्रोत्ययं कर्मफल प्रवृत्तं धर्ममाप्तवान् फलको प्राप्त होता है

English

"Bhishma said, 'A king, desirous of earning religious merit, should devote himself to the good of his subjects and protect them according to considerations of place and time and to the best of his intelligence and power. He should, in his dominions, adopt all such measures as would in his estimation secure their good as also his own. A king should milk his kingdom like a bee gathering honey from plants. I He should act like the keeper of a cow who draws milk from her without boring her udders and without starving the calf. The king should (in the matter of taxes) act like the leech drawing blood mildly. He should conduct himself towards his subjects like a tigress in the matter of carrying her cubs, touching them with her teeth but never piercing them therewith. He should behave like a mouse which though possessed of sharp and pointed teeth still cuts the feet of sleeping animals in such a manner that they do not at all become conscious of it. A little by little should be taken from a growing subject and by this means should he be shorn. The demand should then be increased gradually till what is taken assumes a fair proportion. The king should enhance the burthens of his subjects gradually like a person gradually increasing the burthens of a young bullock. Acting with care and mildness, he should at last put the reins on them. If the reins are thus put, they would not become intractable. Indeed, adequate measures should be employed for making them obedient. Mere entreaties to reduce them to subjection would not do. It is impossible to behave equally towards all men. Conciliating those that are foremost, the common people should be reduced to obedience. Producing disunion (through the agency of their leaders) among the common people who are to bear the burthens, the king should himself come forward to conciliate them and then enjoy in happiness what he will succeed in drawing from them. The king should never impose taxes unseasonably and on persons

हिन्दी अर्थ

रसवर्ज रसोप्यस्य परं दृष्टवा निवर्तते

English

unable to bear them. He should impose them gradually and with conciliation, in proper season and according to due forms. These contrivances that I declare unto thee are legitimate means of king-craft. They are not reckoned as methods fraught with deceit. One who seeks to govern steeds by improper methods only makes them furious. Drinking-shops, public women, pimps, actors, gamblers and keepers of gaining houses, and other persons of this kind, who are sources of disorder to the state, should all be checked. Residing within the realm, these afflict and injure the better classes of the subjects. Nobody should ask anything of anyone when there is no distress. Manu himself in days of old has laid down this injunction in respect of all men. l If all men were to live by asking or begging and abstain from work, the world would doubtless come to an end. The king alone is competent to restrain and check. That king who does not restrain his subjects (from sin) earns a fourth part of the sins committed by his people (in

हिन्दी अर्थ

तदा सम्पद्यते ब्रह्म तत्रेव प्रलयं गतम् जीवात्मा ब्रह्ममें लीन होकर ब्रह्मको प्राप्त हो जाता है

English

What is full of anger, always greatly bewildered, the world is carried on by the great force seen in the rule, by the unobstructed power, by the current of nature.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अप्राणमवितर्क च सत्त्वं प्रविशते परम्

English

By a great flood of Time, by whirlpools of rain, with waves of months, with the swiftness of the seasons, and with fortnights as reeds,

हिन्दी अर्थ

मतिस्त्वभिगता ज्ञानं ज्ञानं चाभिगतं परम् ज्ञानमें और ज्ञानका परमात्मामें लय होता है

English

with the winking and opening of the eye as foam, with the speed of days and nights, with desire as the fearsome crocodile, with the Veda and sacrifices as boats,

हिन्दी अर्थ

न बुद्धिर्बुद्धाते5व्यक्तं सूक्ष्मं त्वेतानि पश्यति

English

with dharma as the island of beings, the sound of wealth and desire, truth as the steps on the shore, violence as the trees carried along,

हिन्दी अर्थ

आत्मा इन सबको देखता और जानता है यस्मिन् न शक्‍्यते कर्तु यत्नस्तं नानुचिन्तयेत्

English

in the midst of the lake of ages, with Brahman as its origin, beings made by the Creator are dragged to Yama's abode.

हिन्दी अर्थ

जाय; क्योंकि चिन्तन करनेसे वह सामने आता है और अधिकाधिक बढ़ता रहता है

English

This the steadfast wise cross by rafts made of wisdom; those without rafts, being witless, what will they do?

हिन्दी अर्थ

एतद् विज्ञानसामर्थ्य न बालै: समतामियात् आरोग्यं प्रियसंवासो गृध्येत् तत्र न पण्डित:

English

What is fitting, the wise man crosses, not other folk; the wise man sees virtue and fault everywhere from afar.

हिन्दी अर्थ

हैं। विवेकशील पुरुषोंको इनमें आसक्त नहीं होना चाहिए

English

The doubting, desire-natured, unsteady, of little mind, unwise, does not cross at all; he who stays does not go.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अभ्येति ब्रह्म सोत्यन्तं न ते शोचन्ति पण्डिता:

English

The raftless, carried along, meets great fault; for one seized by the crocodile of desire there is no raft of knowledge even.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अतः: वे ज्ञानी पुरुष कभी शोक नहीं करते हैं दुःखेन चाधिगम्यन्ते नाशमेषां न चिन्तयेत्

English

Therefore the discerning should strive to emerge; this emerging of his is that he becomes a brahmana.

हिन्दी अर्थ

उनकी उपलब्धि होती है; अतः उनका नाश हो जाय तो चिन्ता नहीं करनी चाहिए

English

Born in a family clean on three sides, in triple doubt, doing triple deeds, he should therefore keep emerging and cross by wisdom.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तदा प्रज्ञायते ब्रह्म ध्यानयोगसमाधिना अपरादभिनि:सृत्य गिरे: शुद्भादिवोदकम्

English

For the refined, self-controlled, restrained, self-trained one, accomplishment follows directly, here and in the next world.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ओर बहने लग जाती है

English

He lives in them as a householder, not angry or envious; he should sacrifice constantly with the five sacrifices, eating the remains.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तदा प्रज्ञायते ब्रह्म निकषं निकषे यथा न समक्षगुणापेक्षि निर्गुणस्य निदर्शकम्

English

He should live by the conduct of the good, act as the refined do, and seek a blameless livelihood without hindering dharma.

हिन्दी अर्थ

मनस्येकाग्रतां कृत्वा तत्परं प्रतिपद्यते

English

Knowing the truth of scripture and discernment, of refined conduct, wise, active by his own dharma, he too is unmixed by action.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तथेन्द्रियाण्युपादाय बुद्धिर्मनसि वर्तते समस्त इन्द्रियोंको लेकर हृदयमें स्थित हो जाती है

English

Active, faithful, generous, wise, free of envy, knowing the difference between dharma and adharma, he crosses all that is hard to cross.

हिन्दी अर्थ

व्यवसायगुणोपेता तदा सम्पद्यते मन:

English

Steadfast, careful, self-controlled, knower of dharma, self-possessed, free of joy, fear and anger, a brahmana does not fall.

हिन्दी अर्थ

यत्र नास्ति पदन्‍्यास: कस्तं विषयमाप्नुयात् वाणीका व्यापार ही नहीं है, उस वस्तुको कौन वर्णनका विषय बना सकता है

English

This is the earlier livelihood laid down for a brahmana; performing actions with knowledge, he succeeds everywhere.

हिन्दी अर्थ

गुणाभावात् प्रकृत्या वा निस्तर्क्य ज्ञेयसम्मितम् गुणप्रचारिणी बुद्धिहुताशन इवेन्धने

English

The unwise, wishing for dharma, does adharma here, and does dharma that is like adharma, grieving as it were.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सम्बन्धित होनेके कारण ब्रह्मको न पाकर लौट आती है

English

"I do dharma," he says, and does adharma; and wishing for adharma he does dharma; the fool, not knowing both deeds, is born and dies as an embodied being."

हिन्दी अर्थ

तेन तेन शरीरेण तत् तत् फलमुपाश्चुते कर्मका फल भोगता है

English

consequence of the absence of royal protection). This is the declaration of the Srutis. Since the king shares the sins of his subjects like their merits, he should, therefore, O monarch, restrain those subjects of his that are sinful. The king that neglects to restrain them becomes himself sinful. He earns (as already said) a fourth part of their sins as he does a fourth part of their merits. The following faults of which I speak should be checked. They are such as impoverish everyone. What wicked act is there that a person governed by passion would not do? A person governed by passion indulges in stimulants and meat, and appropriates the wives and the wealth of other people, and sets a bad example (for imitation by others). They that do not live upon alms may beg in seasons of distress. The king should, observant of righteousness, make gifts unto them from compassion but not from fear. Let there be no beggars in thy kingdom, nor robbers. It is the robbers (and not virtuous men) that give unto beggars. Such givers are not real benefactors of men. Let such men reside in thy dominions as advance the interests of others and do them good, but not such as exterminate others. Those officers, O king, that take from the subjects more than what is due should be punished. Thou shouldst then appoint others so that these will take only what is due. Agriculture, rearing of cattle, trade and other acts of a similar nature, should be caused to be carried on by many persons on the principle of division of labour. 2 If a person engaged in agriculture, cattle-rearing, or trade, becomes inspired with a sense of insecurity (in consequence of thieves and tyrannical officers), the king, as a consequence, incurs infamy. The king should always honour those subjects of his that are rich and should say unto them, 'Do ye, with me, advance the interest of the people.' In every kingdom, they that are wealthy constitute an estate in the realm. Without

हिन्दी अर्थ

कर्म) है, वह अक्षय पद (मोक्ष) की प्राप्ति करानेमें समर्थ है

English

[Vyasa said:] "The steadfast carry the unwise across on rafts built by wisdom; the unwise cannot carry others or themselves across at all.

हिन्दी अर्थ

स निर्गुणं प्रविशति ब्रह्म चाव्ययम् निचाय्य तत् परममृतत्वमश्षुते

English

The sage with faults cut off, joined by yoga, should practise the twelve and the ten, without fear of the means and ruin, of the results of action, pleasures and goals.

हिन्दी अर्थ

स धारयति भूतानि उभे भूतभविष्यती भास्करप्रतिमं दिव्यं नाभ्यां पच्ममजायत

English

The wise, knowing conduct, by mind and by seeing, should restrain speech and mind by intellect, who wishes the highest knowledge; should restrain the self by knowledge, who wishes his own peace.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ब्रह्मा समभवत् तात सर्वभूतपितामह:

English

Even a very cruel person, if he follows these, whether a knower of all Vedas or one who knows no verses and does no muttering,

हिन्दी अर्थ

तमसा पूर्वजो जज्ञे मधुर्नाम महासुर: महान् असुर प्रकट हुआ, जो असुरोंका पूर्वज था

English

whether righteous and a sacrificer or the greatest sinner, whether a tiger among men or one held as impotent,

हिन्दी अर्थ

ब्रह्मणोपचितिं कुर्वन् जघान पुरुषोत्तम:

English

crosses the great difficulty, the ocean of old age and death. Thus, joining by this yoga even in the end, even one who merely wishes to know passes beyond the word-Brahman.

हिन्दी अर्थ

मधुसूदनमित्याहुरऋषभं सर्वसात्वताम् सर्वसात्वतशिरोमणि श्रीकृष्णको मधुसूदन कहते हैं

English

The lap is dharma, the covering modesty, the pole means and ruin, the axle apana, the yoke prana, the life wisdom, the bond the soul,

हिन्दी अर्थ

मरीचिमत्र्यज्धिरसं पुलस्यं पुलहं क्रतुम्

English

the nave consciousness, the beauty conduct, the rim grasping, touch and sight the carrying, the nose and ear the vehicle.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तथा कर्मनुगा बुद्धिरन्तरात्मानुदर्शिनी

English

doubt, a wealthy person is the foremost of men. l He that is wise, or courageous, or wealthy or influential, or righteous, or engaged in penances, or truthful in speech, or gifted with intelligence, assists in protecting (his fellow subjects).

हिन्दी अर्थ

पूर्वजन्मके कर्मोके अनुसार ही एक शरीरसे दूसरे शरीरको प्राप्त होती है अभिसंधिपूर्वकं कर्म कर्ममूलं ततः फलम्

English

For these reasons, O monarch, do thou love all creatures, and display the qualities of truth, sincerity, absence of wrath, and abstention from injury! Thou shouldst thus wield the rod of chastisement, and enhance thy treasury and support thy friends and consolidate thy kingdom thus, practising the qualities of truthfulness and sincerity and supported by thy friends, treasury and forces!'"

हिन्दी अर्थ

फिर कर्म सम्पन्न होता और उसका फल मिलता है

English

(for Kasyanchidpadi) is the correct one. The commentator explains that this has reference to alms, loans, and taxes. Both the Bengal translators have made nonsense of this and the following verse.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ज्ञेयं ज्ञानात्मकं विद्याज्ज्ञानं सदसदात्मकम् समझे और ज्ञेयको ज्ञानरूप समझे तथा ज्ञानका स्वरूप कार्य और कारण जाने

English

He who, silent, attains all seven concentrations, and the others behind and at the side, as many as are the main concentrations,

हिन्दी अर्थ

क्षयान्ते यत् फल विद्याउज्ञानं ज्ञेयप्रतिष्ठितम्

English

in order the earthy, the airy, space, water, the lordship of light, of ego, of intellect,

हिन्दी अर्थ

अबुधास्तं न पश्यन्ति हाात्मस्थं गुणबुद्धय: अपने भीतर ही विराजमान उस परब्रह्म परमात्माको नहीं देख सकते हैं

English

so too he gradually attains the lordship of the unmanifest; and he joins the powers of whoever has them, by yoga.

हिन्दी अर्थ

मनसो महती बुद्धिर्बुद्धे: कालो महान् स्मृत:

English

Then, for him joined by yoga and seeing success in the self, being churned, because of subtlety, he would show these forms.

हिन्दी अर्थ

नादिरन मध्यं नैवान्तस्तस्य देवस्य विद्यते अत्येति सर्वदुःखानि दुःखं हुन्तवदुच्यते

English

As cold-season smoke subtly rests in the sky, so for one freed from the body the first form appears.

हिन्दी अर्थ

दुःखोंसे परे हैं, क्योंकि विनाशशील वस्तु ही दुःखरूप हुआ करती है

English

When the smoke ceases, the second form is seen, like the form of water in the sky; there he sees the self.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तद् गत्वा कालविषयाद् विमुक्ता मोक्षमाश्रिता: निवृत्तिलक्षणो धर्मस्तथा55नन्त्याय कल्पते

English

When the water passes, the form of fire shines; when that ceases, he sees a yellow-garment-like form, and his form appears of the colour of wool.

हिन्दी अर्थ

जिद्नाग्रेषु प्रवर्तन्ते यत्नसाध्या विनाशिन: इनका लुप्त होना स्वाभाविक है

English

Then, reaching the white state, the unborn, subtle airy, the not-white subtlety of thought, the unmanifest of Brahman.

हिन्दी अर्थ

न यत्नसाध्यं तद् ब्रह्म नादिमध्यं न चान्तवत्

English

Hear also the fruits when these are born: for one born to the lordship of earth, creation is willed and ordained.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अन्तश्नादिमतां दृष्टो न त्वादिर््रह्मण: स्मृत: अव्ययत्वाच्च निर्दु:खं द्वन्द्धाभावस्तत: परम्

English

Like Prajapati, unshaken, he creates beings from his body, with a finger or thumb, or by hand and foot.

हिन्दी अर्थ

न तेन मर्त्या: पश्यन्ति येन गच्छन्ति तत् पदम्

English

One quality of wind is said to shake the earth; becoming space, he vanishes in space because of sameness of colour.

हिन्दी अर्थ

परं नैवाभिकांक्षन्ति निर्गुणत्वाद् गुणार्थिन: अनुमानाद्धि गन्तव्यं गुणैरवयवै: परम्

English

By colour too he is grasped, and drinks from desire what is in the receptacle; his form is not seen by light, and likewise it is quenched.

हिन्दी अर्थ

गुणोंद्वारा परब्रह्म परमात्माके स्वरूपका दिग्दर्शन हो सकता है

English

When ego is conquered these five fall under his sway; when the good in the self and intellect are conquered he becomes master.

हिन्दी अर्थ

मनो हि मनसा ग्राहां दर्शनेन च दर्शनम् विषयका ग्रहण हो सकता है और ज्ञानके द्वारा ही ज्ञेयको जाना जा सकता है

English

Then flawless insight comes to him wholly; and the manifest self reaches the unmanifest.

हिन्दी अर्थ

हुताशनं वायुरिवेन्धनस्थम्

English

Hear from me at length the explanation of the unmanifest from which the world goes forth and is called manifest, and learn the enumeration made of the manifest.

हिन्दी अर्थ

शरीरको धारण कर लेता है पाता। अतः वह उस अविनाशी परमेश्वरसे वंचित रह जाता है

English

The twenty-five principles are equal on both sides in yoga and in Sankhya; hear the differences there from me.

हिन्दी अर्थ

यथा प्लवं वायुरिवार्णवस्थम्

English

That is called manifest which is born and grows and decays and dies, joined with four marks.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कर्तारमकृतं विष्णुं भूतानां प्रभवाप्पययम्

English

The opposite of that is called unmanifest; two selves are also declared in the Vedas and the settled views.

हिन्दी अर्थ

नारदस्य च देवर्षे: कृष्णद्वैयायनस्य च नारद तथा श्रीकृष्णद्वैपायन व्यासजीके मुँहसे सुना है

English

Another born of four marks they call the fourfold group: the manifest, the born of the unmanifest, the awakened and the other, sattva and the knower of the field: these two are also shown.

हिन्दी अर्थ

मार्कण्डेयश्व गोविन्दे कथयन्त्यद्भुतं महत्

English

There are two selves in the Vedas, and in those attached to objects; withdrawal from objects is the mark of success of the Sankhyas.

हिन्दी अर्थ

गोविन्दके विषयमें बड़ी अदभुत बातें कहा करते हैं पुरुष: सर्वमित्येव श्रूयते बहुधा विभु:

English

Without mine-ness, without ego, beyond the pairs, doubt cut, he is not angry, does not hate, and speaks no untrue word.

हिन्दी अर्थ

माहात्म्यानि महाबाहो शृणु तानि युधिछिर

English

Abused or struck by a friend, he thinks no ill; he turns away from the three: speech, action and thought.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कर्माणि त्विह गोविन्दे कीर्तयिष्यामि तान्यहम् उनका मैं यहाँ वर्णन करूँगा

English

Equal toward all beings, he moves toward Brahman; he neither desires nor is averse, fixed in sustaining life only.

हिन्दी अर्थ

वायुज्योतिस्तथा चाप: खं च गां चान्वकल्पयत्

English

Not greedy, unpained, self-controlled, neither active nor inactive, his senses not scattered, his wishes not thrown wide, harming no beings: such a Sankhya is freed.

हिन्दी अर्थ

इन पाँच महाभूतोंकी रचना की है अप्स्वेव भवन चक्रे महात्मा पुरुषोत्तम:

English

Now learn from me by what causes they are freed by yoga: one who has passed beyond the lordship of yoga is freed.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सोअग्रजं सर्वभूतानां संकर्षणमकल्पयत्

English

Thus has been told you this understanding born of states, without doubt; thus one becomes beyond the pairs and reaches Brahman."

हिन्दी अर्थ

मानसं जनयामास तैजसं ब्रह्मवित्तमम् सो5भवद् भरतश्रेष्ठ दक्षो नाम प्रजापति:

English

is the hump of the bull. The meaning, of course, is that the man of wealth occupies a very superior

हिन्दी अर्थ

सम्पूर्ण भूतोंका अध्यक्ष बनाया

English

[Shuka said:] "What is that knowledge, or the learning by which both are crossed, the dharma marked by action and that of withdrawal?"

हिन्दी अर्थ

श्वपाकबलगृथ्राणां सधर्माणो नराधिप राजान: समसज्जन्त समासाद्येतरेतरम्

English

[Vyasa said:] "He who by nature sees only non-being, without consciousness, flourishes again by wisdom, freed from cause, in all.

हिन्दी अर्थ

देवं देवर्षिराचष्ट नारद: सर्वलोकदूक्

English

Those for whom own-nature alone is held to be the cause gain nothing, like those who thresh straw and husk.

हिन्दी अर्थ

शाश्वतत्वं महाबाहो यथावद् भरतर्षभ अचिन्त्य: पुण्डरीकाक्षो नैष केवलमानुष:

English

Those of little mind who rely on this view, knowing nature as the cause, do not gain the good.

हिन्दी अर्थ

इन्हें केवल मनुष्य नहीं मानना चाहिए

English

Nature is for destruction, a deed of delusion born of the mind; this is the explanation of the two, nature and power.

हिन्दी अर्थ

के चर्षयो महाभागा दिक्षु प्रत्येकश: स्मृता: दिशामें किन-किन महाभाग महर्षियोंकी स्थिति मानी गयी है

English

Farming and the like, the gathering of crops, vehicles, seats and houses were devised by the wise.

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्रजानां पतयो ये5स्मिन् दिक्षु ये चर्षय: स्मृता:

English

Of toys, houses, ailments and medicine, the wise are the speakers, and the knowers carry them out.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ब्रह्मण: सप्त वै पुत्रा महात्मान: स्वयम्भुव: पुत्र बताये गये हैं

English

Wisdom joins with wealth, wisdom gains the good; kings enjoy kingdoms by wisdom, of like marks.

हिन्दी अर्थ

मारीच: कश्यपस्तात सर्वासामभवत् पति:

English

The high and low of beings are found by knowledge alone; for those created by learning, dear, learning is the highest goal.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कन्याओंके पति हुए ददौ धर्माय धर्मज्ञो दक्ष एव प्रजापति:

English

The birth of all beings is of four kinds: womb-born, egg-born, sprout-born and sweat-born; one should observe it.

हिन्दी अर्थ

विश्वेदेवाश्ष॒ साध्याश्ष मरुत्वन्तक्ष भारत

English

One should regard the moving as higher than the unmoving; for it is fitting that, of two compared, the one with activity is superior.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सोमस्तासां महाभाग: सर्वासामभवत् पति: गाश्च किंपुरुषान्मत्स्यानुद्धिज्जांश्व वनस्पतीन्

English

They say of the moving, two-footed and many-footed; two-footed ones, though many, are higher than many-footed.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तेषां विष्णुर्वामनो5भूद् गोविन्दश्वा भवत् प्रभु:

English

They say of the two-footed, the earthly and the others; the earthly are higher, for they eat grain.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सर्वव्यापी भगवान् गोविन्द भी वामनरूपसे प्रकट हुए असुरों--महान् शक्तिशाली हैत्योंकी जननी हुई

English

They say of the earthly, the middling and the best; the middling are higher, by their grasp of the dharma of their kind.

हिन्दी अर्थ

पूर्वाह्न चापराह्न॑ च सर्वमेवानुकल्पयत्

English

They say of the middling, those who know dharma and the others; those who know dharma are higher, by discerning what should and should not be done.

हिन्दी अर्थ

समस्त काल-विभागकी व्यवस्था की पृथिवीं सोसृजद्ू विश्वां सहितां भूरितेजसा

English

They say of those who know dharma, those who know the Veda and the others; knowers of the Veda are higher, for the Veda is established in them.

हिन्दी अर्थ

पद्धयां शूद्रशतं चैव केशवो भरतर्षभ

English

They say of knowers of the Veda, the speakers and the others; speakers are higher, grasping all dharma.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अपनी जाँघोंसे तथा सैकड़ों शूद्रोंको दोनों पैरोंसे उत्पन्न किया अध्यक्ष॑ सर्वभूतानां धातारमकरोत् स्वयम्

English

By them the Vedas are known with the fruit of the action of all dharmas, with sacrifices and entire; the Vedas came out from the speakers.

हिन्दी अर्थ

भूतमातृगणाध्यक्षं विरूपाक्षं च सोडसृजत् मातृगणोंके अध्यक्ष विरूपाक्ष (रुद्र) की रचना की

English

They say of the speakers, the knowers of the self and the others; knowers of the self are higher, by grasping birth and non-birth.

हिन्दी अर्थ

असृजत् सर्वभूतात्मा च धनेश्वरम्

English

He who knows the two dharmas knows all; he knows all dharma; he is a renouncer of true intention, patient, and a lord.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तावत् तावदजीवंस्ते नासीद् यमकृतं भयम् जीवित रहते थे। उन्हें यमराजका कोई भय नहीं होता था

English

The gods know as a brahmana him who is established in the knowledge of dharma, skilled in the word-Brahman and one who has settled the supreme.

हिन्दी अर्थ

न हाभून्मैथुनो धर्मस्तेषामपि जनाधिप

English

Those who know what is within and without, over the sacrifice and over the deities, to them we bow; they are gods, dear, they are twice-born.

हिन्दी अर्थ

नरेश्वर! उस समयके लोगोंमें भी मैथुन-धर्मका प्रचार नहीं हुआ था तथा कलियुगे राजन द्वन्ड्यमापेदिरे जना:

English

In them this whole being and the world with its peak is set; of their greatness there is nothing at all like it.

हिन्दी अर्थ

यौनकाम्बोजगान्धारा: किराता बर्बरै: सह

English

Having passed beyond the beginning, the end and action in every way, they are lords of the fourfold being, of all, self-born."

हिन्दी अर्थ

वसिष्ठश्न महाभाग: सदृशो वै स्वयम्भुवा

English

"Bhishma said, 'Let not such trees as yield edible fruits be cut down in thy dominions. Fruits and roots constitute the property of the Brahmanas. The sages have declared this to be an ordinance of religion. The surplus, after supporting the Brahmanas, should go to the support of other people. Nobody should take anything by doing an injury to the Brahmanas. 2 If a Brahmana, afflicted for want of support, desires to abandon a kingdom for obtaining livelihood (elsewhere), the king, O monarch, should, with affection and respect, assign unto him the means of sustenance. If he does not still abstain (from leaving the kingdom), the king should repair to an assembly of Brahmanas and say, 'Such a Brahmana is leaving the kingdom. In whom shall my people then find an authority for guiding them?' 3 If after this, he does not give up his intention of leaving, and says anything, the king should say unto him, 'Forget the past.' This, O son of Kunti, is the eternal way of royal duty. 4 The king should further say unto him, 'Indeed, O Brahmana, people say that that only should be assigned to a Brahmana which would be just sufficient for maintaining him. I, however, do not accept that opinion. On the other hand, I think that if a Brahmana seeks to leave a kingdom for the king's neglect in providing him with means of support, such means should be assigned to him, and, further, if he intends to take that step for procuring the means of luxury, he should still be requested to stay and supplied with ever

हिन्दी अर्थ

इत्येते द्वादशादित्या: कश्यपस्यात्मसम्भवा: मार्तण्डस्यात्मजावेतावष्टमस्य महात्मन:

English

[Shuka said:] "If there were no such thing there, doubt would arise about the determination of action: is action nature, or knowledge, or again action?

हिन्दी अर्थ

ऋतभवो मरुतश्वैव देवानां चोदितो गण:

English

[Vyasa said:] If here there is desire to know, if knowledge relates to the Person, I shall describe it by reasoning and perception; hear it.

हिन्दी अर्थ

आदित्या: क्षत्रियास्तेषां विशश्षु मरुतस्तथा स्मृतास्त्वद्धिरसो देवा ब्राह्मणा इति निश्चय:

English

Some men say human effort is the cause in actions; some praise fate; and others nature.

हिन्दी अर्थ

एतान् वै प्रातरुत्थाय देवान् यस्तु प्रकीर्तयेत्

English

Human action, fate and nature are the three that bring fruit, separate; some do not discern this.

हिन्दी अर्थ

यवक्रीतोथ रैभ्यश्व अर्वावसुपरावसू ऋषिर्मेधातिथे: पुत्र: कण्वो बर्हिषदस्तथा

English

"It is so and it is not so," "both," "neither": those established in action speak of unevenness; those established in goodness see equally.

हिन्दी अर्थ

उन्मुचो विमुचश्चैव स्वस्त्यात्रेयश्व वीर्यवान्

English

In the Treta and Dvapara and those born of the Kali are full of doubts; in the Krita age, the ascetics are calm and abide in goodness.

हिन्दी अर्थ

मित्रावरुणयो: पुत्रस्तथागस्त्य: प्रतापवान् उषड्भु: कवषो धौम्य: परिव्याधश्च वीर्यवान्

English

All see without separateness in the Rik, Saman and Yajus; seeing desire and aversion separately, they practise austerity in the Krita.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अत्रे: पुत्रश्न भगवांस्तथा सारस्वत: प्रभु:

English

Joined with dharma, ever given to austerity, of strict vows, by austerity he obtains all desires he wishes in his mind.

हिन्दी अर्थ

वसिष्ठ। ये सभी स्वयम्भू ब्रह्माके समान ही शक्तिशाली हैं अत ऊर्ध्व॑ प्रवक्ष्यामि सवनिव प्रजापतीन्

English

those means, l Agriculture, cattle-rearing, and trade, provide all men with the means of living. A knowledge of the Vedas, however, provide them with the means of obtaining heaven. They, therefore, that obstruct the study of the Vedas and the cause of Vedic practices, are to be regarded as enemies of society. 2 It is for the extermination of these that Brahman created Kshatriyas. Subdue thy foes, protect thy subjects, worship the deities in sacrifices, and fight battles with courage, O delighter of the Kurus! A king should protect those that deserve protection. The king who does this is the best of rulers. Those kings that do not exercise the duty of protection live a vain life. For the benefit of all his subjects the king should always seek to ascertain the acts and thoughts of all, O Yudhishthira; and for that reason fie should set spies and secret agents. 3 Protecting others from thy own, and thy own from others, as also others from others, and thy own from thy own, do thou always cherish thy people. Protecting his own self first from every one, the king should protect the earth. Men of knowledge have said that everything has its root in self. The king should always reflect upon these, viz., What are his laches, to what evil habits he is addicted, what are the sources of his weakness, and what are the sources of his faults. The king should cause secret and trusted agents to wander through the kingdom for ascertaining whether his conduct as displayed on the previous day has or has not met with the approbation of the people. Indeed, he should ascertain whether his conduct is or is not generally praised, or, is or is not acceptable to the people of the provinces, and whether he has or has not succeeded in earning a good name in his kingdom. Amongst those that are virtuous and possessed of wisdom, those that never retreat from battle,

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्राचीनबर्हिर्भगवांस्तस्मात् प्राचेतसो दश

English

What is said obscurely in the Vedic discussions by seers of the Veda is shown clearly again in the Vedanta by the sequence of yoga.

हिन्दी अर्थ

नामवाले दस प्रजापति उत्पन्न हुए तस्य द्वे नामनी लोके दक्ष: क इति चोच्यते

English

For kshatriyas the sacrifices of undertaking, for vaishyas offering sacrifices, for shudras service sacrifices, and for the twice-born muttering sacrifices.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कहते हैं और दूसरे लोग उन्हें कश्यपके नामसे जानते हैं

English

A twice-born with his work completed would be so through study; he may do other things or not; a friend of all is called a brahmana.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सहस्र॑ यश्व दिव्यानां युगानां पर्युपासिता भगवानकी उपासना की थी

English

At the beginning of the Treta, all the Vedas, sacrifices and classes and stages are whole; in the Dvapara these are lessened by the restriction of life.

हिन्दी अर्थ

एते प्रदेशा: कथिता भुवनानां प्रभावना:

English

In the Dvapara the Vedas go to ruin, and so in the Kali; they are seen and not seen; at the end of the Kali, again and again.

हिन्दी अर्थ

एकैकस्यां सहस्नं तु तनयानामभूत् तदा पुत्राणां च न ते कंचिदिच्छन्त्यन्यं प्रजापतिम्

English

Their own dharmas perish there, oppressed by adharma, and the juices of cows, earth, waters and herbs.

हिन्दी अर्थ

स वृष्णिवंशप्रभवो महावंश: प्रजापते:

English

The Vedas are concealed by adharma, and the Vedic dharmas and stages; those who stand in their own dharma, the unmoving and moving, are altered.

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्रजापतिका वह महान् वंश ही वृष्णिवंशका उत्पादक हुआ अतः पर प्रवक्ष्यामि देवांस्त्रिभुवनेश्वरान्

English

As the rain rains on all earthly beings and creates limbs everywhere, so the Vedas age after age.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सविता चैव धाता च विवस्वांशक्ष महाबल:

English

The variety of time is spread out, without beginning or end, as I told before, from which they come and go.

हिन्दी अर्थ

त्वष्टश्चैवात्मज: श्रीमान् विश्वरूपो महायशा:

English

The Creator is the place of origin of beings, the restraint, Yama; by nature they act, created in many pairs.

हिन्दी अर्थ

हरश्न बहुरूपश्न त्र्यम्बकश्न सुरेश्वर: ते च पूर्व सुराक्षेति द्विविधा: पितर: स्मृता:

English

Creation, time, steadiness, the Vedas, the doer, the deed and the fruit of action: this has been told to you, dear, that you asked me."

हिन्दी अर्थ

आत्रेयश्व वसिष्ठश्न॒ कश्यपश्च महानृषि: तथैव पुत्रो भगवानूचीकस्य महात्मन:

English

and those that do not reside in thy kingdom, those that are dependent on thee, and those that are thy ministers, as well as those that are independent of party, they that praise or blame thee should never be objects of disregard with thee, O Yudhishthira! 4 No man, O sire, can succeed in earning the good opinion of all persons in the world. All persons have friends, foes, and neutrals, O Bharata!'

हिन्दी अर्थ

दानवैरभिसंस्तीर्णा घोररूपैर्महाबलै:

English

[Shuka said:] "With offspring, learned in the Veda, a sacrificer, aged, wise, free of envy: how does he reach the future, unattested Brahman?

हिन्दी अर्थ

पेतुर्गतासवश्वैव विष्णुतेज:प्रमोहिता: खुरैविंदारयामास मांसमेदो5स्थिसंचयान्

English

By austerity, celibacy, total renunciation, intelligence, in Sankhya or in yoga: asked this, tell me.

हिन्दी अर्थ

समायात: स्वमात्मानं महाभागो महाद्युति: अत्यन्त उत्तम और दूसरोंके लिये असम्भव कार्य करके आ रहे हैं

English

By what means do men attain one-pointedness of mind and senses? You should explain that."

हिन्दी अर्थ

न संतापो न भी: कार्या शोको वा सुरसत्तमा:

English

[Vyasa said:] "Not elsewhere than in knowledge and austerity, not elsewhere than in restraint of the senses, not elsewhere than in complete renunciation does anyone find success.

हिन्दी अर्थ

संताप, भय एवं शोकको दूर कर देना चाहिए अच्युत: पुण्डरीकाक्ष: सर्वभूतादिरीश्वर:

English

The great elements are all the first creation of the Self-born; mostly they are lodged in the bodies of living beings in the village."

हिन्दी अर्थ

तमहं तत्त्वतो ज्ञातुमिच्छामि वदतां वर

English

The body belongs to earth; the essence to water; the eyes are said to belong to light; wind rests on the breaths; space is in the cavities of the embodied.

हिन्दी अर्थ

योगका उपदेश कीजिये। मैं उसे यथार्थरूपसे जानना चाहता हूँ संवादं मोक्षसंयुक्त शिष्यस्य गुरुणा सह

English

Vishnu is in the stride, Shakra in strength, fire in the belly digests what is eaten; the quarters are in the ears, and speech, Sarasvati, in the tongue.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तेजोराशिं महात्मानं सत्यसंध॑ जितेन्द्रियम्

English

Ears, skin, eyes, tongue and nose as fifth: the views spoken of the senses are doors for the accomplishment of food.

हिन्दी अर्थ

एते प्रतिदिशं सर्वे कीर्तितास्तिग्मतेजस:

English

"Yudhishthira said, 'Among persons all of whom are equal in might of arms and accomplishments, whence does one acquire superiority over all the rest, and whence does that one succeed in ruling over

हिन्दी अर्थ

एवमेते महात्मान: स्थिता: प्रत्येकशो दिशम् पापोंसे मुक्त हो जाता है और कुशलपूर्वक अपने घरको पहुँच जाता है

English

"Bhishma said, 'Creatures that are mobile devour things that are immobile; animals again that have teeth devour those that have no teeth; wrathful snakes of virulent poison devour smaller ones of their own species. (Upon this principle), among human beings also, the king, who is strong, preys upon those that are weak. The king, O Yudhishthira, should always be heedful of his subjects as also of his foes. If he becomes heedless, they fall upon him like

हिन्दी अर्थ

श्रोतुमिच्छामि कार्त्स्न्येन कृष्णमव्ययमी श्वरम्

English

vultures (on carrion). Take care, O king, that the traders in thy kingdom who purchase articles at prices high and low (for sale), and who in course of their journeys have to sleep or take rest in forest and inaccessible regions, l be not afflicted by the imposition of heavy taxes. Let not the agriculturists in thy kingdom leave it through oppression; they, who bear the burthens of the king, support the other residents also of the kingdom. 2 The gifts made by thee in this world support the gods, Pitris, men, Nagas, Rakshasas, birds, and animals. These, O Bharata, are the means of governing a kingdom and protecting its rulers. I shall again discourse to thee on the subject, O son of Pandu!'"

हिन्दी अर्थ

श्रीकृष्ण अविनाशी ईश्वर हैं; मैं पूर्णरूपसे इनके महत्त्वका वर्णन सुनना चाहता हूँ तन्मे सर्व यथाततच््च॑ ब्रूहि त्वं पुरुषर्षभ

English

leaves the kingdom, the people lose in him a friend, teacher, and guide.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सब आप मुझे यथार्थरूपसे बताइये

English

person intending to leave refers to the king's previous neglect, the king should ask forgiveness and, of course, assign to him the means of maintenance.

हिन्दी अर्थ

जन्म ग्रहण किया; यह मुझे बताइये तत्रापश्यं मुनिगणान् समासीनान् सहस्रश:

English

translation. In rendering the second line, the second half should come first. The Burdwan version, as usual, is erroneous. K.P. Singh's also is incomplete and inaccurate.

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्रतिगृह्म च तां पूजां प्रत्यनन्दमृषीनहम्

English

This is not seen by the eye nor by all the senses; the great self shines by a mind well kindled.

हिन्दी अर्थ

मन: प्रह्लादिनीं दिव्यां तामिहैकमना: शृणु उसे कहता हूँ, तुम एकाग्रचित्त होकर सुनो

English

Without sound, touch or form, tasteless and scentless, imperishable, bodiless, senseless, it should be seen in one's own body.

हिन्दी अर्थ

बलेन मत्ता: शतशो नरकाद्या महासुरा:

English

He who sees the unmanifest in manifest bodies, the immortal resting in mortals, becomes after death fit for Brahman.

हिन्दी अर्थ

न सहन्ते सम देवानां समृद्धि तामनुत्तमाम् न शर्म लेभिरे राजन् विशमानास्ततस्तत:

English

In a brahmana endowed with learning and birth, in a cow, an elephant, a dog and a dog-eater, the wise see alike.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अथादितेया: संत्रस्ता ब्रह्माणमिदमन्रुवन् देखकर अदितिके सभी पुत्र भयसे थर्रा उठे और ब्रह्माजीसे इस प्रकार बोले--

English

He dwells in all beings, moving and fixed, the one great self by whom all this is pervaded.

हिन्दी अर्थ

स्वयम्भूस्तानुवाचेदं निसृष्टो5त्र विधिर्मया

English

When the self of beings sees the self in all beings and all beings in the self, then he attains Brahman.

हिन्दी अर्थ

मैंने उपाय कर दिया है नावबुध्यन्ति सम्मूढा विष्णुमव्यक्तदर्शनम्

English

As great as the self is in the self, so great is the self in the supreme self; he who thus always knows becomes fit for immortality.

हिन्दी अर्थ

एष वेगेन गत्वा हि यत्र ते दानवाधमा:

English

Even the gods are bewildered on the path of the one who is the self of all beings and ever for the good of all, seeking the footprint of the footless.

हिन्दी अर्थ

शमयिष्यति तच्छुत्वा जह्ृषु: सुरसत्तमा: अन्तर्भूमिं सम्प्रविश्य जगाम दितिजान् प्रति

English

As the course of birds in the sky or of water creatures in water is not seen, so is that of the very great soul.

हिन्दी अर्थ

हुए और हैत्योंके पास जा पहुँचे

English

Time cooks all beings in the self by the self; but in whom Time is cooked, no one here knows.

हिन्दी अर्थ

संक्ुद्धाश्न वराहं तं व्यकर्षन्त समन्तत: हाथोंहाथ पकड़ लिया। पकड़कर वे वाराहदेवको चारों ओरसे खींचने लगे

English

It does not take hold above, sideways, below, across or in the middle, nor does anyone take it from anywhere.

हिन्दी अर्थ

नाशवनुवंश्व॒ किंचित् ते तस्य कर्तु तदा विभो

English

All these worlds are within; nothing of them is outside; one who might meet a thousand, like an arrow fallen from its string,

हिन्दी अर्थ

संनादिता येन लोका: सर्वाश्चवैव दिशो दश संत्रस्ताश्न भृशं लोके देवा: शक्रपुरोगमा:

English

would never reach the end of the cause, even if his speed were that of the mind; so there is nothing subtler than the subtle, nor grosser than that.

हिन्दी अर्थ

स्थावरं जड़मं चैव तेन नादेन मोहितम्

English

It has hands and feet everywhere, eyes, heads and faces everywhere, ears everywhere in the world; it stands covering all.

हिन्दी अर्थ

पद्मनाभो महायोगी भूताचार्य: स भूतराट्

English

That is smaller than the atom, greater than the great; within all beings it stays firm and is not seen.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तत्र गत्वा महात्मानमूचुश्वैव जगत्पतिम् को5सौ हि कस्य वा नादो येन विह्वलितं जगत्

English

The imperishable and the perishable are this twofold state of the self; the perishable is in all beings; the divine immortal is imperishable.

हिन्दी अर्थ

एष देवो महायोगी भूतात्मा भूतभावन:

English

Having gone to the city of nine gates, the swan, restrained and master, is lord of all beings, fixed and moving.

हिन्दी अर्थ

भगवान् विष्णु हैं, जो दानवराजोंका वध करके आ रहे हैं स्थिरीभवत कृष्णो5यं सर्वविघध्नविनाशन:

English

Through the abandonment and breaking of the new bodies' variations and their resort, those who see the far shore say the unborn is a swan.

हिन्दी अर्थ

विघ्नोंका विनाश करनेवाले श्रीकृष्ण हैं; अत: तुमलोग धैर्य धारण करो

English

What is spoken by the swan and the imperishable, the unchanging, that imperishable: knowing it, one gains the imperishable and gives up the breaths and birth.