Shanti Parva

हिन्दी अर्थ

अतत्तेषां गुणक्रीता वसुधा स्वयमागता

English

"Bhishma said, 'The king, O Yudhishthira, should always be ready for action. That king is not worth of praise who, like a woman, is destitute of exertion. In this connection, the holy Usanas has sting a Sloka, O monarch. Listen to it with attention, O king, as I recite it to thee: 'Like a snake swallowing up mice, the earth swallows tip these two, the king that is averse to battle and the Brahmana that is exceedingly attached to wives and children, l It behoveth thee, O tiger among kings, to bear this always in thy heart. Make peace with those foes with whom (according to the ordinance) peace should be made, and wage war with them with whom war should be waged. Be he thy preceptor or be he thy friend, he that acts inimically towards thy kingdom consisting of seven limbs, should be slain. 2 There is an ancient Sloka sung by king Marutta, agreeable to Vrihaspati's opinion, O monarch, about the duty of kings. According to the eternal provision, there is punishment for even the preceptor if he becomes haughty and disregardful of what should be done and what should not, and if he transgresses all restraints. Jadu's son, king Sagara, of great intelligence, from desire of doing good to the citizens, exiled his own eldest son Asamanjas. Asamanjas, O king, used to drown the children of the citizens in the Sarayu. His sire, therefore, rebuked him and sent him to exile. The Rishi Uddalaka cast off his favourite son Swetaketu (afterwards) of rigid penances, because the latter used to invite Brahmanas with deceptive promises of entertainment. The happiness of their subjects, observance of truth, and sincerity of behaviour are the eternal duty of kings. The king should not covet the wealth of others. He should in time give what should be given, If the king becomes possessed of prowess, truthful in speech, and forgiving in temper, he would never fall away from prosperity. With soul cleansed of vices, the king should be able to govern his wrath, and all his conclusions should be conformable to the scriptures. He should also always pursue morality and profit and pleasure and salvation (judiciously). The king should always conceal his counsels in respect of these three, (viz., morality, profit, and pleasure). No greater evil can befall the king than the disclosure of his counsels. Kings should protect the four orders in the discharge of their duties. It is the eternal duty of kings to prevent a confusion of duties in respect of the different orders. The king should not repose confidence (on others than his own servants), nor should he repose full confidence (on even his servants).

हिन्दी अर्थ

ज्ञानमस्ति विशेषेणेत्युक्तो हृष्टश्न सो5भवत्

English

[Yudhishthira said:] "When the limits are broken down, the settled determination of dharma disturbed, and the world oppressed by kings or by thieves, lord of the people,

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्रह्मादस्त्वब्रवीत् प्रीतो गृह्ुतां वर इत्युत

English

when all the stages of life are bewildered and rites are spoiled, and people see fear from desire, delusion and greed, Bharata,

हिन्दी अर्थ

तस्मिंस्तेजसि याते तु तादृग्रूपस्ततो5पर:

English

when all are distrustful and ever afraid, being slain by deceit and cheating one another,

हिन्दी अर्थ

सुरेन्द्रने तुम्हारे शीलका अपहरण कर लिया है

English

when regions are ablaze, brahminhood is oppressed, the rain does not fall, and mutual division has arisen,

हिन्दी अर्थ

न भुज्जते चिरं तात समूलाश्च न सन्ति ते

English

when the whole livelihood of the earth has fallen to robbers, by what may a brahmana live when a base time has come,

हिन्दी अर्थ

दुर्लभ और क्या है?

English

not wishing to abandon his sons and grandsons out of compassion, lord of men? How should he conduct himself in calamity? Tell me that, grandsire.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अतीत्यातीत्य राजेन्द्र पुनरभ्येति चान्तिकम्

English

And how should a king conduct himself when the world has fallen into corruption? How would he not fall from wealth and from dharma, scourge of foes?"

हिन्दी अर्थ

ऋषयो राजशार्दूलं तमपृच्छन् प्रयोजनम्

English

[Bhishma said:] "Security and welfare and good rain have the king as their root, great king; and in the subjects, diseases, death and fears likewise.

हिन्दी अर्थ

पृथ्वी स्वयं ही उनके पास आयी थी

English

He should, by his own intelligence, took after the merits and defects of the six essential requisites of sovereignty. I The king who is observant of the laches of his foes, and judicious in the pursuit of morality, profit, and pleasure, who sets clever spies for ascertaining secrets and seeks to wean away the officers of his enemies by presents of wealth, deserves applause. The king should administer justice like Yama and amass wealth like Kuvera. He should also be observant of the merits and defects of his own acquisitions and losses and of his own dominions. He should feed those that have not been fed, and enquire after those that have been fed. Possessed of sweet speech, he could speak with a smiling (and not with a sour) countenance. He should always wait upon those that are old in years and repress

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्राप्त कर लिया, वह शील कैसे प्राप्त होता है? यह मैं सुनना चाहता हूँ

English

When such a time arrives that brings fault upon the people, then one must live by relying on the strength of knowledge.

हिन्दी अर्थ

जाता है, जिसे नारदजीने पहले शीलके प्रसंगमें कहा था

English

Here too they cite this ancient tale, the dialogue of Vishvamitra with a chandala in a village of outcastes.

हिन्दी अर्थ

शीलमाश्रित्य हैत्येन त्रैलोक्यं च वशे कृतम्

English

Long ago, at the junction of the Treta and Dvapara ages, by the course of divine ordinance, a terrible drought of twelve years came about, king.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तमुवाच महाप्राज्ञ: श्रेय इच्छामि वेदितुम्

English

When the subjects had greatly multiplied, at the approach of the end of the age, at the close of the Treta and the onset of the Dvapara,

हिन्दी अर्थ

बोले--“भगवन्! मैं अपने कल्याणका उपाय जानना चाहता हूँ/

English

the thousand-eyed Indra did not rain; Jupiter turned retrograde; the moon, its mark reversed, went to the southern path.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कथयामास भगवान् देवेन्द्राय कुरूद्गह

English

There was no dew even at night's end, how then rows of clouds; the rivers, their floods of water shrunk, vanished somewhere within.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अत्रागमय भद्र ते भूय एव सुरर्षभ

English

Lakes, rivers, wells and springs were seen robbed of their lustre, by a nature caused by fate.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ज्ञानमागमयत् प्रीत्या पुन: स परमद्मयुति:

English

The water-stands dried up, the assemblies and drinking-booths ceased, sacrifice and study stopped, and the vashat call and auspicious rites were gone.

हिन्दी अर्थ

इससे भी विशेष श्रेय है"?

English

Farming and cow-keeping were ruined, markets and shops closed, guild agreements ended, and great festivals perished.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कारण मेरे पास समय नहीं है, अतः मैं आपको उपदेश नहीं दे सकूँगा”

English

Strewn with bones and skeletons, filled with people crying "alas," with cities mostly empty and villages burnt out,

हिन्दी अर्थ

तदोपादेष्टुमिच्छामि यदाचर्यमनुत्तमम्

English

by thieves in some places, by weapons in others, by afflicted kings elsewhere, and from fear of one another, the land was mostly empty and deserted.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तथेत्युक्त्वा शुभे काले ज्ञानतत्त्वं ददौ तदा

English

The thoughts of the gods were gone, old and young were lost, cattle, sheep and buffaloes were gone, and people robbed one another.

हिन्दी अर्थ

चकार सर्वभावेन यदस्य मनसेप्सितम्

English

Brahmanas slain, protection slain, stores of herbs destroyed, the earth then became mostly filled with pale human forms.

हिन्दी अर्थ

मनकी रुचिके अनुसार सब प्रकारसे उनकी सेवा की

English

In that terrifying time, with dharma failing, Yudhishthira, hungry mortals wandered, eating one another.

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्रह्दोडपि महाराज ब्राह्म॒णं वाक्यमब्रवीत्

English

Sages abandoned their vows, forsook the fires and gods, left their hermitages, and ran about here and there.

हिन्दी अर्थ

काव्यानि वदतां तेषां संयच्छामि वहामि च

English

Then the blessed great sage Vishvamitra, homeless, seized by hunger, the wise one, ran about on every side.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ते मां काव्यपथे युक्त शुश्रुषुमनसूयकम्

English

Once, as he wandered, he came upon a settlement of dog-eaters, cruel killers of living things, somewhere in the forest.

हिन्दी अर्थ

समासिज्चन्ति शास्तार: क्षौद्रं मथ्विव मक्षिका:

English

It was strewn with broken pots, covered with dog-skins, crowded with the bones of boars and asses and with skulls and jars,

हिन्दी अर्थ

शुश्रूषितस्तेन तदा हैत्येन्द्रो वाक्यमब्रवीत्

English

spread with the clothes of the dead, with ornaments made from offerings, its huts and cells marked with garlands of snakes' slough,

हिन्दी अर्थ

सुनकर प्रह्नाद और भी प्रसन्न हुए और बोले--“कोई वर अवश्य माँगो'

English

surrounded by shrines with owl-feather banners, furnished with iron bells, and encircled by packs of dogs.

हिन्दी अर्थ

भवत: शीलमिच्छामि प्राप्तुमेष वरो मम

English

Entering it, seized by hunger, the great sage, the son of Gadhi, engaged in searching for food, made the greatest effort.

हिन्दी अर्थ

आपका ही शील प्राप्त करनेकी इच्छा है, यही मेरा वर है

English

Though begging, Kaushika found nothing anywhere there: no meat, no grain, no roots or fruit, nor anything else.

हिन्दी अर्थ

वरे प्रदिष्टे विप्रेण नाल्पतेजायमित्युत

English

"Alas, I have met with hardship," Kaushika determined, and from weakness fell to the ground in that outcaste village.

हिन्दी अर्थ

उपाकृत्य तु विप्राय वरं दुःखान्वितो5भवत्

English

The sage thought, "What good deed of mine could there be? How can death not be in vain?" best of kings.

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्रह्ादस्य महाराज निश्चयं न च जग्मिवान्

English

The sage saw in the chandala's house, king, a stretched-out string of dog-meat, of a dog just killed by a weapon.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तेजो विग्रहवत् तात शरीरमजहात् तदा

English

He thought then, "Theft must be done by me from here; there is now no other means of sustaining life.

हिन्दी अर्थ

मूर्तिमान् होकर प्रकट हुआ। उसने उनके शरीरको त्याग दिया था

English

Theft is prescribed in calamities: from the superior, the equal and the lower, each later one is permitted before the earlier; this is settled: not-stealing comes first.

हिन्दी अर्थ

यो5सौ शिष्यत्वमागम्य त्वयि नित्यं समाहित:

English

From the lowly one should first take; then from an equal; when that is not possible, one may take even from a superior and righteous man.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तुम्हारा शिष्य बनकर यहाँ बड़ी सावधानीके साथ रहता था”

English

Taking from the dwellers of the lowest end, from their possessions, I see no fault of theft; I shall take this meat."

हिन्दी अर्थ

ततो5परो महाराज प्रज्वलन्निव तेजसा

English

Resolving thus, the great sage Vishvamitra fell asleep in that place, where he had fallen, Bharata.

हिन्दी अर्थ

को भवानिति पृष्टश्न तमाह स महाद्युति:

English

Seeing the night deep and the chandala village asleep, the blessed one rose slowly and entered the hut.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सत्य समझो! मैं अब धर्मके पीछे-पीछे जाऊँगा'

English

The chandala, though asleep, his eyes covered with phlegm, in a broken voice, rough and ugly to see, said:

हिन्दी अर्थ

तस्मिन्ननुगते सत्ये महान् वै पुरुषो5पर:

English

"Who is disturbing the string while the chandala village sleeps? I am awake, I am not asleep; you are dead," said the dreadful man.

हिन्दी अर्थ

वृत्तं प्रह्द मां विद्धि यतः सत्यं ततो हाहम्

English

"I am Vishvamitra," he said to him suddenly, in sudden fear at his arrival, and distressed by that deed.

हिन्दी अर्थ

पृष्टश्नाह बल॑ विद्धि यतो वृत्तमहं तत:

English

Hearing those words of the great sage of purified soul, the chandala, startled, rose from his bed and wished to spring up.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ततः प्रभामयी देवी शरीरात् तस्य निर्यया

English

Letting tears fall from his eyes, with great respect and folded hands, he said to Kaushika in the night, "Brahmana, what do you wish to do?"

हिन्दी अर्थ

उषितास्मि स्वयं वीर त्वयि सत्यपराक्रम

English

Vishvamitra, soothing the Matanga, said, "I am hungry, my life is gone; I shall take the dog's haunch.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ततो भयं प्रादुरासीत् प्रहादस्य महात्मन:

English

My life-breaths are sinking, my memory is lost from hunger; though I know my own dharma, I shall take the dog's haunch.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तद्विज्ञाय सुरेन्द्रेण तव शीलं हतं प्रभो

English

Wandering, I found no alms in your dwellings; then my mind turned to sin; I shall take the dog's haunch.

हिन्दी अर्थ

शीलमूला महाप्राज्ञ सदा नास्त्यत्र संशय:

English

The thirsty drink foul water; for one who seeks food there is no 'take'; hunger spoils dharma here; I shall take the dog's haunch.

हिन्दी अर्थ

आधारपर रहते हैं--शील ही इन सबकी जड़ है। इसमे संशय नहीं है

English

Fire is the mouth and the leader of the gods, the pure-footed lord; as he, Brahma, devours all, so know me, in dharma."

हिन्दी अर्थ

दुर्योधनस्तु पितरं भूय एवाब्रवीद् वच:

English

The chandala said to him, "Great sage, hear my words; hearing them, act so that you are not lost from dharma.

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्राप्पते च यथा शीलं त॑ं चोपायं वदस्व मे

English

The wise say the dog is the lowest of animals; and the lowest part of that is the haunch of the body.

हिन्दी अर्थ

संक्षेपेण तु शीलस्य शुणु प्राप्तिं नरेश्वर

English

This is not rightly resolved, great sage; this act is perverse: a chandala's property taken, and especially of what is not to be eaten.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अनुग्रहश्च दानं च शीलमेतत् प्रशस्यते

English

Look for another good means of sustaining life; let not your austerity be destroyed through greed for meat, great sage.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अपन्रपेत वा येन न तत् कुर्यात् कथंचन

English

A knower should not follow a path not prescribed, a mixing of dharma; do not abandon dharma, for you are the best knower of dharma."

हिन्दी अर्थ

संकोचका अनुभव होता हो, उसे किसी तरह नहीं करना चाहिए

English

Thus addressed, king, Vishvamitra, bull of the Bharatas, the great sage, afflicted by hunger, answered him again:

हिन्दी अर्थ

शीलं समासेनैतत् ते कथितं कुरुसत्तम

English

"A very long time has passed for me, running without food; and there is no means for me of sustaining life.

हिन्दी अर्थ

चाहिए। कुरुश्रेष्ठ! यह तुम्हें थोड़ेमें शीलका स्वरूप बताया गया है

English

By whatever special deed, by whatever means, one who is sinking should revive himself; and when able, practise dharma.

हिन्दी अर्थ

यदीच्छसि श्रियं तात सुविशिष्टां युधिष्ठिरात्

English

The dharma of Indra is for kshatriyas, that of Agni for brahmanas; my strength is Brahman and fire; I shall eat, to end my hunger.

हिन्दी अर्थ

चतुर्विशत्यधिकशततमोध्याय:

English

In whatever way one may live, that must be done without harm; life is better than death; living, one may gain dharma.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कथं त्वाशा समुत्पन्ना या चाशा तद् वदस्व मे

English

So, desiring life, I resolve deliberately to eat even what is not to be eaten; let you approve it.

हिन्दी अर्थ

छेत्ता च तस्य नान्योस्ति त्वत्त: परपुरञ्जय

English

Living, I shall practise dharma and drive away the inauspicious, by austerities and knowledge, as lights drive away great darkness."

हिन्दी अर्थ

इसका निवारण करनेवाला आपके सिवा दूसरा कोई नहीं है

English

[The dog-eater said:] "Eating this you will not gain life or another breath, nor long life, nor satisfaction like that of nectar; let your mind turn to other alms; eating dog is forbidden to the twice-born."

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्राप्ते युद्धे तु तद् युक्त तत् कर्तायमिति प्रभो

English

[Vishvamitra said:] "In famine other meat is not easy to get, dog-eater, nor grain, nor have I any wealth; afflicted by hunger, without recourse and hopeless, I regard this dog-flesh as having all six tastes."

हिन्दी अर्थ

तस्यां विहन्यमानायां दु:खो मृत्युर्न संशय:

English

[The dog-eater said:] "Five five-nailed animals may be eaten by brahmanas and kshatriyas, twice-born; if the scripture is your authority, do not set your mind on the forbidden."

हिन्दी अर्थ

धार्तराष्ट्रेण राजेन्द्र पश्य मन्दात्मतां मम

English

[Vishvamitra said:] "Agastya, hungry, ate the asura Vatapi; I too, fallen into calamity and distressed, shall eat the dog's haunch."

हिन्दी अर्थ

आकाशादपि वा राजजन्नप्रमेयैव वा पुन:

English

[The dog-eater said:] "Fetch other alms; you should not do this; surely it is not to be done; take, if you wish, the dog's haunch."

हिन्दी अर्थ

दुर्लभत्वाच्च पश्यामि किमन्यद् दुर्लभं ततः

English

[Vishvamitra said:] "The good are the authority in dharma; I follow their conduct; I regard this dog's haunch as edible, more than food that is pure."

हिन्दी अर्थ

पूर्वघटित इतिहास तुम्हें बताऊँगा। उसे ध्यान देकर सुनो

English

[The dog-eater said:] "What is practised by the bad is not eternal dharma; one should not imitate impure conduct; do not make a falsehood by trickery."

हिन्दी अर्थ

सच राजा बलात् तूर्ण ससार मृगयूथपम्

English

[Vishvamitra said:] "You should not, being a sage, do what is sinful or disapproved; I consider a dog and a deer equal, therefore the dog's haunch is edible."

हिन्दी अर्थ

भी बलपूर्वक मृगोंके उस यूथपतिका तुरंत पीछा किया

English

[The dog-eater said:] "What was done by a sage when asked for a brahmana's sake gives that deed the right to be eaten; that is dharma wherein there is no sin, and it must be guarded by every means."

हिन्दी अर्थ

मुहूर्तमिव राजेन्द्र समेन स पथागमत्

English

[Vishvamitra said:] "This brahmana is my friend and my own self, dear and most worthy of honour in the world; wishing to feed him, I shall take this; I do not fear cruel men such as these."

हिन्दी अर्थ

ससार बाणासनभूत् सखड्गोडसौ तनुत्रवान्

English

[The dog-eater said:] "Men may well give up their lives, but they do not make good with the forbidden; there they obtain all desires here, learned one; be dear to desire, united with hunger."

हिन्दी अर्थ

धनुष-बाण और तलवार लिये उसका पीछा करने लगे

English

[Vishvamitra said:] "There is doubt in the matter of existence after death, but destruction of deeds is without doubt; I, with a spirit that says 'I live,' protecting the root, shall eat what is not to be eaten.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अतिक्रम्याभ्यतिक्रम्य ससारैको वनेचर:

English

Content that what is spoken of in the intellect exists, as the leather eye has oneness through delusion, even if I commit a sin through doubt, I shall not be as you are."

हिन्दी अर्थ

बारंबार लाँघता हुआ आगे-आगे भागता जा रहा था

English

[The dog-eater said:] "My mind is that this sorrow is a cause of falling; I, a sinner, reproach you, though you are a brahmana of the good."

हिन्दी अर्थ

पुनरभ्येति जवनो जवेन महता ततः

English

[Vishvamitra said:] "Cows drink water even while frogs croak; you have no authority in dharma; do not be a self-praiser."

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्रक्रीडन्निव राजेन्द्र पुनरभ्येति चान्तिकम्

English

[The dog-eater said:] "Having become your friend, I instruct you, for I have compassion for you, twice-born; so take this better course; do not out of greed take the dog."

हिन्दी अर्थ

समादाय शरं श्रेष्ठ कार्मुके तु तथासृजत्

English

[Vishvamitra said:] "If you are my friend and wish me happiness, lift me out of calamity; I know myself in dharma; give up the dog's haunch."

हिन्दी अर्थ

तस्य बाणपथं मुक्‍्त्वा तस्थिवान् प्रहसन्निव

English

[The dog-eater said:] "I cannot bear to give you this, nor to overlook my own food being taken; both of us would be stained by our own filth, I the giver and you, brahmana, the receiver."

हिन्दी अर्थ

और हँसता हुआ-सा खड़ा हो गया

English

[Vishvamitra said:] "Having done this sinful deed today, I shall live and practise great purity; with purified self I shall pursue dharma; tell me which of the two is the heavier."

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्रविवेश महारण्यं मृगो राजाप्यथाद्रवत्

English

[The dog-eater said:] "The self alone is witness in the world's doings; you yourself know what is wrong in this; whoever esteems dog-flesh as food, I think, has nothing to avoid."

हिन्दी अर्थ

पज्चविंशत्यधिकशततमोध्याय:

English

[Vishvamitra said:] "The fault lies in taking or eating, and the exception here is always to be made by just reasoning; where there is no violence and no trace of falsehood in speech, the act of eating is not so grave."

हिन्दी अर्थ

आससाद ततो राजा श्रान्तश्नोपाविशत् तदा

English

[The dog-eater said:] "If this is your reason for eating, neither the Veda is your ground nor any other dharma; therefore, best of the twice-born, I see no fault in eating the forbidden, as you say."

हिन्दी अर्थ

आश्रमपर जा पहुँचे और वहाँ थककर बैठ गये

English

[Vishvamitra said:] "No sin is seen in eating it; the saying here is that one falls by drinking liquor; so with other deeds, each is different; a mere trace does not destroy the act."

हिन्दी अर्थ

समेत्य ऋषयस्तस्मिन् पूजां चक्कुर्यथाविधि

English

[The dog-eater said:] "From a wrong place, from lowness, or from a despicable source, the learned man of good conduct is troubled; but he who gains his place again through attachment must endure the punishment as well."

हिन्दी अर्थ

विधिपूर्वक स्वागत-सत्कार किया

English

[Bhishma said:] "Having spoken thus, the Matanga turned back from Kaushika; and Vishvamitra, his mind made up, took the dog's haunch.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तापसोंसे उनकी तपस्याकी भलीभाँति वृद्धि होनेका समाचार पूछा

English

Then the great sage, desiring life, took the five-limbed thing, and with his wife, having prepared it, went off to the forest.

हिन्दी अर्थ

आनेका प्रयोजन पूछा

English

At that very time Vasava rained, reviving all the subjects, and caused the herbs to grow.

हिन्दी अर्थ

पदातिर्बद्धनिस्त्रिंशो धन्‍वी बाणी नरेश्वर

English

The blessed Vishvamitra too, his sins burnt away by austerity, after a long time attained a wondrous perfection.

हिन्दी अर्थ

और बाण लिये पैदल ही चले आये हैं?

English

So, one who knows, of undismayed spirit, in calamity and wishing to live, skilled in means, should lift up his distressed self by every means.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कस्मिन् कुले तु जातस्त्वं किनामा चासि ब्रूहि न:

English

Resorting to this wisdom, one should always live; living, a man gains merit and sees good things.

हिन्दी अर्थ

आचचक्षे यथान्यायं परिचर्या च भारत

English

Therefore, Kaunteya, a wise man in deciding dharma and adharma should rely on intelligence and conduct himself in this world with a controlled self."

हिन्दी अर्थ

कही और अपना कार्यक्रम बताया--

English

procrastination. He should never covet what belongs to others. He should firmly follow the behaviour of the righteous and, therefore, observe that behaviour carefully. He should never take wealth from those that are righteous. Taking the wealth of those that are not righteous he should give it unto them that are righteous. The king should himself be skilful in smiting. He should practise liberality. He Should have his soul under control. He should dress himself with splendour. He should make gifts in season and regular in his meals. He should also be of good behaviour. The king desirous of obtaining prosperity should always bind to his service men that are brave, devoted, incapable of being deceived by foes, 2 well-born, healthy, well-behaved, and connected with families that are well-behaved, respectable, never inclined to insult others, conversant with all the sciences, possessing a knowledge of the world and its affairs, unmindful of the future state of existence, always observant of their duties, honest, and steadfast like mountains. There should be no difference between him and them as regards objects of enjoyment. The only distinction should consist in his umbrella and his power or passing orders. His conduct towards them, before or behind, should be the same. The king who behaves in this way never comes to grief. That crooked and covetous king who suspects everybody and who taxes his subjects heavily, is soon deprived of life by his own servants and relatives. That king, however, who is of righteous behaviour and who is ever engaged in attracting the hearts of his people, never sinks when attacked by foes. If overcome, he soon regains his position. If the king is not wrathful, if he is not addicted to evil practices and not severe in his punishments, if he succeeds in keeping his passions under control, he then becomes an object of confidence unto all like the Himavat mountains (unto all creatures). He is the best of kings who hath wisdom, who is possessed of liberality, who is ready to take advantage of the laches of foes, who has agreeable features, who is conversant with what is bad for each of the four orders of his subjects, who is prompt in action, who has his wrath under control, who

हिन्दी अर्थ

यत्र चाश्वशिरा राजन् वेदान् पठति शाश्वतान्

English

[Yudhishthira said:] "I am bewildered and despondent; my dharma has been slackened; thinking on every side, I find no exertion."

हिन्दी अर्थ

भूरिद्युम्नपिता श्रीमान् वीरद्युम्नो महायशा:

English

[Bhishma said:] "This teaching of dharma of yours does not rest on pure scripture alone; this descent of wisdom is honey gathered by poets.

हिन्दी अर्थ

करके धर्मात्मा राजा वीरघ्युम्न तुम्हारे ही समान थककर शिथिल हो गये

English

Many counter-measures of wisdom must be made by a king, from this and that; this course does not proceed by dharma of one branch alone.

हिन्दी अर्थ

आरण्येनैव विधिना राज्ञे सर्व न्यवेदयत्

English

The generation of wisdom in kings who always practise dharma, Kauravya, brings victory; know this word of mine.

हिन्दी अर्थ

आदि सब वस्तुएँ अर्पित कीं

English

For kings who are best in wisdom, seeking victory, win; dharma must be met by the king with wisdom, from this and that.

हिन्दी अर्थ

उपाविशन् नरव्यात्र सप्तर्षय इव ध्रुवम्

English

The dharma of kings is not laid down by dharma of one stalk; how can a weak man have wisdom, as not spoken of before?

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्रयोजनमिदं सर्वमाश्रमस्य निवेशने

English

One who does not know double-mindedness, at a fork in the road, deserves to fall into doubt; double-mindedness of intellect must be known beforehand, Bharata.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सप्तविंशत्यधिकशततमोध्याय:

English

Wisdom is the instrument at the side, and a river is wayward; a man understands spoken dharma now one way, now another.

हिन्दी अर्थ

मृगस्तु विद्धो बाणेन मया सरति शल्यवान्

English

is not vindictive, who is high-minded, who is not irascible by disposition, who is equal engaged in sacrifices and other religious acts, who is not given to boasting, and who vigorously prosecutes to completion all works commenced by him. He is the best of kings in whose dominions men live fearlessly like sons in the house of their sire. He is the best of kings whose subjects have not to hide their wealth and are conversant with what is good and what is bad for them. He, indeed, is a king whose subjects are engaged in their respective duties and do not fear to cast off their bodies when duty calls for it; whose people, protected duly, are all of peaceful behaviour, obedient, docile, tractable, unwilling to be engaged in disputes, and inclined to liberality. That king earns eternal merit in whose dominions there is no wickedness and dissimulation and deception and envy. That king truly deserves to rule who honours knowledge, who is devoted to the scriptures and the good of his people, who treads in the path of the righteous, and who is liberal. That king deserves to rule, whose spies and counsels and acts, accomplished and unaccomplished, remain unknown to his enemies. The following verse was sung in days of old by Usanas of Bhrigu's race, in the narrative called Ramacharita, on the subject, O Bharata, of kingly duties: 'One should first select a king (in whose dominions to live). Then should he select a wife, and then earn wealth. If there be no king, what would become of his wife and acquisition'?' Regarding those that are desirous of kingdom, there is no other eternal duty more obligatory than the protection (of subjects). The protection the king grants to his subjects upholds the world. 1 Manu, the son of Prachetas, sang these two verses respecting the duties of kings. Listen to them with attention: 'These six persons

हिन्दी अर्थ

भवतामाश्रमं प्राप्तो हताशो भ्रष्टलक्षण:

English

The enemies of dharma plunder the shastras; they proclaim the inconsistency of the sciences of wealth by their meaninglessness.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कि मेरी भग्न हुई आशा दे रही है

English

Those who wish to live by learning and desire fame on every side are all the worst of men, enemies of dharma.

हिन्दी अर्थ

महत्त्वान्नान्वपद्येतां नभसो वान्तरं तथा

English

Of unripe minds, dull, they do not know things as they are; ever unskilled in the shastras, they are unsettled everywhere.

हिन्दी अर्थ

आशावान् पुरुषो यः स्यादन्तरिक्षमथापि वा

English

Seeing faults in the shastras, they plunder the shastras; and the knowledge of the sciences, they say, is not right.

हिन्दी अर्थ

न गुहां श्रोतुमिच्छामि युष्मद्भ्यो द्विजसत्तमा:

English

Those who by belittling others' learning proclaim their own, with speech for weapons and tongue for razors, are like fruits of milked learning.

हिन्दी अर्थ

यदि वास्ति कथायोगो योडयं प्रश्नो मयेरित:

English

Know them as traders in learning, like rakshasas, Bharata; by their trickery, the whole dharma you know will be lost; we have heard that dharma is not spoken by speech alone, nor by intellect alone.

हिन्दी अर्थ

भवन्तो5पि तपोनित्या ब्रूयुरेतत् समन्विता:

English

So Maghavan himself declared the knowledge of Brihaspati; yet no word is spoken here without a reason.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ऋषभने विस्मित होकर इस प्रकार कहा--

English

Others settle matters by a scripture well mastered by themselves; and some here, the wise, call dharma the conduct of the world.

हिन्दी अर्थ

समासादितवान् दिव्यं नरनारायणाश्रमम्

English

The dharma of the good, once declared, a scholar does not work out for himself, out of impatience, bewilderment in the shastra, or lack of knowledge, Bharata.

हिन्दी अर्थ

पितृणां देवतानां च ततो55श्रममियां तदा

English

The scripture of a wise man speaking vanishes from sight in a crowd; but it is praised by an intellect that has received the tradition and by his speech.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अदूरादाश्रमं कज्चिद् वासार्थमगमं तदा

English

From ignorance, by the cause of knowledge, he thinks the saying good; this is not unrefuted, but this shastra is not meaningless.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अद्राक्षमृषिमायान्तं तनुं नाम तपोधनम्

English

Ushanas once told the Daityas, in cutting doubt, that knowledge cannot be pointed out, just as it does not exist.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कृशता चापि राजर्षे न दृष्टा तादृशी क्वचित्

English

With that, with your root cut, whom can you satisfy? Or who would not attain this word ordained untruly?

हिन्दी अर्थ

पादौ तस्याभिवाद्याथ स्थित: प्राउजलिरग्रत:

English

You were created for fierce action, yet you do not look to it; come, look to this royal policy you wish to follow, by which another is freed and for whose sake he rejoices.

हिन्दी अर्थ

फिर उनके चरणोंमें प्रणाम करके दोनों हाथ जोड़कर उनके आगे खड़ा हो गया

English

Goat, horse, kshatra: this was made similar by Brahma; therefore from the constant use of beings some livelihood is established."

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्रदिष्े चासने तेन शनैरहमुपाविशम्

English

The fault that lies in killing the unkillable is declared to lie in not killing the killable; this indeed is the limit which one should avoid.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ऋषिमध्ये महाराज तनुर्धर्मभूतां वर:

English

Therefore a king who is sharp should establish his subjects in their own dharma; for devouring one another they would roam like wolves.

हिन्दी अर्थ

उपायाज्जवनैरश्वे: सबल: सावरोधन:

English

The kshatriya in whose realm bands of robbers plunder others' goods like crows taking fish from water is the defiler of his class.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अपनी सेना और अन्तःपुरके साथ वहाँ आ पहुँचे

English

Making well-born ministers endowed with Vedic learning, rule the earth, king, protecting the subjects by dharma.

हिन्दी अर्थ

एक: पुत्रो महारण्ये नष्ट इत्यसकृत् तदा

English

The king who takes up one low-born and without deeds, ignorant of the difference between the two, makes that kshatra impotent.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तया परीतगात्रो5हं मुमूर्षु्नात्र संशय:

English

Neither the fierce nor the mild is praised here by dharma; one should not transgress either; having become fierce, be mild.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अवाक्शिरा ध्यानपरो मुहूर्तमिव तस्थिवान्

English

This dharma of the kshatriya is hard; the goodwill that stands in you was created for fierce action; therefore rule the kingdom.

हिन्दी अर्थ

घड़ीतक चुपचाप बैठे रह गये

English

"Always restraining the wicked and protecting the good": so the wise Shakra said, in calamities, bull of the Bharatas.

हिन्दी अर्थ

उवाच वाकयं दीनात्मा मन्दं मन्दमिवासकृत्

English

[Yudhishthira said:] "Is there a limit for robbers that another should not transgress? I ask you, best of the good; tell me that, grandsire."

हिन्दी अर्थ

इस प्रकार कहने लगे---

English

[Bhishma said:] "He should serve only brahmanas, the learned, the aged and the ascetics, rich in learning, conduct and livelihood, for this is the highest purifier.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ब्रवीतु भगवानेतद् यदि गुह्यं न ते मयि

English

The conduct you have toward the gods, let it always be so toward brahmanas; for when brahmanas are angry, king, deeds are done in many ways.

हिन्दी अर्थ

बालिशां बुद्धिमास्थाय मन्दभाग्यतया55त्मन:

English

By their favour glory is chief, by their displeasure the reverse; for when pleased, brahmanas are like nectar, and when angry, like poison."

हिन्दी अर्थ

भूरिट्रुम्नं सुतं नष्टमन्वेष्ठं वनमागत:

English

should be avoided like a leaky boat on the sea, viz., a preceptor that does not speak, a priest that has not studied the scriptures, a king that does not grant protection, a wife that utters what is disagreeable, a cow- herd that likes to rove within the village, and a barber that is desirous of going to the woods.'"

हिन्दी अर्थ

राजानं भगवान् विप्रस्तत:ः कृशतनुस्तदा

English

[Bhishma said:] "Great is the dharma, great king, of protecting one who has come for refuge; you are fit to ask the question, best of the Bharatas.

हिन्दी अर्थ

या सक्ता सर्वभूतेषु सा55शा कृशतरी मया

English

Nriga and other kings, great king, having protected those who came for refuge, attained the highest perfection.

हिन्दी अर्थ

मुझसे भी अत्यन्त कृश होती है

English

For it is heard that an enemy who came to a pigeon for refuge was honoured as is just, and invited to eat of the pigeon's own flesh."

हिन्दी अर्थ

हृदयमें जो आशा होती है, वह मुझसे भी अत्यन्त कृश होती है-

English

[Yudhishthira said:] "How, in former times, did an enemy come to a pigeon for refuge and get fed with its own flesh, and what end did he reach, Bharata?"

हिन्दी अर्थ

यदेतदुक्तं भवता सम्प्रति द्विजसत्तम

English

[Bhishma said:] "Hear, king, the divine tale that destroys all sin, told by Bhargava to King Muchukunda.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ततः प्रहस्य भगवांस्तनुर्थर्म भूतां वर:

English

Of old, Partha, King Muchukunda bowed and asked Bhargava about this very matter, bull of the Bharatas.

हिन्दी अर्थ

स समानीय तत्पुत्रं तमुपालभ्य पार्थिवम्

English

To him, listening eagerly, Bhargava told the tale of how perfection was gained by a pigeon, lord of men.

हिन्दी अर्थ

विपाप्मा विगतक्रोधश्वचार वनमन्तिकात्

English

Hear, attentive, king, mighty-armed, as I tell the tale, joined with the determination of dharma and bearing on desire and wealth.

हिन्दी अर्थ

हुए अपने पुत्र भूरिद्युम्मनकी खोज करनेके लिये वनमें आया हूँ

English

invade the dominions of one who is weaker), halting, seeking protection (if weak in one's own fort), and sowing dissensions (among the chief officers of the enemy).

हिन्दी अर्थ

न दृश्यते वने चारस्मिंस्तमन्वेष्ट चराम्यहम्

English

forgoing to the fields he likes to loiter within the village he should not be employed. Similarly the barber's duties require his presence within the village. If without being present there he likes to wander in the woods, he should never be employed, for it may then be presumed that he is wanting in that skill which experience and habit bring. These two verses are often quoted in conversation by both the learned and unlearned equally.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कहीं दिखायी नहीं दे रहा है, उसीको खोजनेके लिये मैं चारों ओर विचर रहा हूँ

English

He had no friend, no relative, no kinsman; for he had been abandoned by them for that dreadful deed.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तूष्णीमेवाभवत् तत्र न च प्रत्युक्तवान् नृपम्

English

Taking his snare, he killed birds in the forest always, and sold those flying creatures, lord of men.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ही रह गये। राजाको कुछ उत्तर न दे सके

English

As that evil-souled man lived thus by his trade, a very long time passed, and he did not understand the adharma.

हिन्दी अर्थ

आशाकृतकश्च राजेन्द्र तपो दीर्घ समाश्रित:

English

His wife was his companion, and, delighting in her ever, bewildered by the working of fate, he liked no other livelihood.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अन्‍्येषां चैव वर्णानामिति कृत्वा थियं तदा

English

Then once, as he was in the forest, a great storm of wind arose, as though felling those trees.

हिन्दी अर्थ

वीरघग्युम्नस्तु तं भूय: पप्रच्छ मुनिसत्तमम्

English

In a good moment the sky, crowded with clouds and adorned with rings of lightning, was covered, like a sea by a ship's place.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ब्रवीतु भगवानेतत् त्वं हि धर्मार्थदर्शिवान्

English

Delighted, with masses of streaming rain, the lord of a hundred sacrifices filled the earth with water in a moment.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कि आशासे बढ़कर दुर्बलता क्या है? और इस पृथ्वीपर सबसे दुर्लभ क्या है?

English

Then, with the world full of downpours, confused and senseless, tormented by cold, he wandered all that forest with a troubled heart.

हिन्दी अर्थ

भी उनका स्मरण दिलाते हुए-से इस प्रकार कहा

English

The bird-killer found neither low ground nor high ground, for the path of that forest was filled with floods of water.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तस्या वै दुर्लभत्वाच्च प्रार्थिता: पार्थिवा मया

English

Birds, struck by the force of the wind, lay hidden then; deer, lions and boars took shelter on dry ground and stayed.

हिन्दी अर्थ

दुर्लभत्वं च तस्यैव वेदवाक्यमिव द्विज

English

Terrified by the great wind and rain, those forest-dwellers, afflicted by fear and hunger, wandered about together in the forest.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तन्मुने मम तत्त्वेन वक्तुमहसि पृच्छत:

English

But he, his limbs struck by the cold, walked on and did not stop; in the groves he saw a tree dark as a cloud.

हिन्दी अर्थ

बतानेकी कृपा करें

English

The sky, rich in stars, like a night-lotus and spotless, was free of clouds; seeing it, the fowler, shaking with cold,

हिन्दी अर्थ

बतावें कि आपसे भी बढ़कर अत्यन्त दुर्बल वस्तु क्या है?

English

looked about the directions, and the hour; the evil-minded man saw that the village lay far from that place, lord, and resolved to spend that night in that forest.

हिन्दी अर्थ

स दुर्लभतरस्तात योडर्थिनं नावमन्यते

English

With folded hands, restrained, he spoke to the tree: "I take refuge in whatever deities are in this tree, Bharata."

हिन्दी अर्थ

पुरुष संसारमें अत्यन्त दुर्लभ है

English

Laying his head on a stone and spreading leaves on the ground, filled with great misery, the bird-killer then slept.

हिन्दी अर्थ

आशामपनयस्वाशु तत: कृशतरीमिमाम्

English

"Bhishma said, 'Protection of the subject, O Yudhishthira, is the very cheese of kingly duties. The divine Vrihaspati does not applaud any other duty (so much as this one). The divine Kavi (Usanas) of large

हिन्दी अर्थ

उवास गौतमो यं च काल॑ तमपि मे शूणु

English

His wife, gone out at dawn, had not returned to feed; seeing the night come, that bird was tormented.

हिन्दी अर्थ

राज्ञ: संक्षीणकोशस्य बलहीनस्य भारत

English

"There has been a great wind and rain, and my beloved has not come; what is the reason that she has not returned even now?

हिन्दी अर्थ

सबका यही निश्चय है

English

May my beloved be safe in the forest; without her my house is empty today.

हिन्दी अर्थ

जीवन-निर्वाहका साधन प्राप्त करना धर्मसे भी बड़ा है

English

If that wife with red-cornered eyes, speckled body and sweet voice does not come to me today, I have no use for life.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अधर्मो जायते तस्मिन्निति वै कवयो विदु:

English

Devoted to her husband's dharma, virtuous, dearer than life, that ascetic one knows me weary and hungry.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तत् कर्तव्यमिहेत्याहुर्नात्मानवसादयेत्

English

Loving, benevolent, tender and devoted: the man who has such a wife is blessed on earth.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सर्वोपायैरुज्जिहीर्षेदात्मानमिति निश्चय:

English

A wife is said here to be a man's greatest protector; for one without helpers in this world, she helps the course of life.

हिन्दी अर्थ

उपायोंद्वारा अपने आपके ही उद्धारकी अभिलाषा करे, यही सबका निश्चय है

English

For one overcome by disease and ever in hardship, there is no remedy for an afflicted man like a wife."

हिन्दी अर्थ

सुमित्रो5पनयत् क्षिप्रमाशां कृुशतरीं तत:

English

austere penances, the thousand-eyed Indra, and Manu the son of Prachetas, the divine Bharadwaja, and the saga Gaurasiras, all devoted to Brahma and utterers of Brahma, have composed treatises on the duties of kings. All of them praise the duty of protection, O foremost of virtuous persons, in respect of kings. O thou of eyes like lotus leaves and of the hue of copper, listen to the means by which protection may be secured. Those means consist of the employment of spies and servants, giving them their just dues without haughtiness, the realisation of taxes with considerateness, never taking anything (from the subject) capriciously and without cause, O Yudhishthira, the selection of honest men (for the discharge of administrative functions), heroism, skill, and cleverness (in the transaction of business), truth, seeking the good of the people, producing discord and disunion among the enemy by fair or unfair means, the repair of buildings that are old or on the point of falling away, the infliction of corporal punishments and fines regulated by observance of the occasion, never abandoning the honest, granting employment and protection to persons of respectable birth, the storing of what should be stored, companionship with persons of intelligence, always gratifying the soldiery, supervision over the subjects, steadiness in the transaction of business, filling the treasury, absence of blind confidence on the guards of the city, producing disloyalty among the citizens of a hostile town, carefully looking after the friends and allies living in the midst of the enemy's country, strictly watching the servants and officers of the state, personal observation of the city, distrust of servants, comforting the enemy with assurances, steadily observing the dictates of policy, readiness for action, never disregarding an enemy, and casting off those that are wicked. Readiness for exertion in kings is the root of kingly duties. This has been said by Vrihaspati. Listen to the verses sung by him: 'By exertion the amrita was obtained; by exertion the Asuras were slain, by exertion Indra himself obtained sovereignty in heaven and on earth. The hero of exertion is superior to the heroes of speech. The heroes of speech gratify and worship the heroes of exertion, l' The king that is destitute of exertion, even if possessed of intelligence, is always overcome by foes like a snake that is bereft of poison. The king, even if possessed of strength, should not disregard a foe, however weak. A spark of fire can produce a conflagration and a particle of poison can kill. With only one kind of force, an enemy from within a fort, can afflict the whole country of even a powerful and prosperous king. The secret speeches of a king, the amassing of troops for obtaining victory, the crooked purposes in his heart, similar intents for accomplishing particular objects, and the wrong acts he does or intends to do, should be concealed by putting on an appearance of candour. He should act righteously for keeping his people under subjection. Persons of crooked minds cannot bear the burden of extensive empire. A king who is mild cannot obtain superior rank, the acquisition of which depends

हिन्दी अर्थ

हिमालय पर्वतके समान स्थिर हो जाओ

English

As the afflicted bird lamented thus, the wife, caught by the fowler, heard his words.

हिन्दी अर्थ

श्रुत्वा मम महाराज न संतप्तुमिहाहसि

English

"She is not a wife in speech whose husband is not pleased; with fire as witness, the husband is a woman's refuge."

हिन्दी अर्थ

अष्टाविंशत्यधिकशततमोध्याय:

English

Thus reflecting, grieving, the she-pigeon, held by the fowler, spoke to her sorrowing husband.

हिन्दी अर्थ

यथा हि स्वात्मवृत्तिस्थस्तथा तृप्तोडस्मि भारत

English

"Well, I shall tell you your good, and hearing it, do so: be especially a protector of one who has come for refuge, beloved.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तृप्त हो जाता है, उसी प्रकार मैं भी अत्यन्त तृप्तिका अनुभव करता हूँ

English

This fowler lies here, having come to your dwelling, afflicted by cold and hunger; show him honour.

हिन्दी अर्थ

न हि तृप्तिमहं यामि पिबन् धर्मामृतं हि ते

English

Whoever kills a twice-born, or a cow, the mother of the world, or one who has come for refuge, the sin of these is equal.

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्यास और बढ़ती ही जाती है

English

The livelihood prescribed for us by the dharma of our kind, that of pigeons, is rightly followed ever by one such as you with self-control.

हिन्दी अर्थ

गौतमस्य च संवादं यमस्य च महात्मन:

English

We have heard that the householder who follows dharma as he is able gains imperishable worlds after death.

हिन्दी अर्थ

यमके संवादरूप एक प्राचीन इतिहासका उदाहरण दिया करते हैं

English

You today have offspring and a son, twice-born; setting aside concern for your own body, and taking up dharma and wealth, show him honour so that his mind is pleased."

हिन्दी अर्थ

समयतक रहे, वह भी मुझसे सुनो

English

Thus the she-bird in the snare, the ascetic, spoke, greatly afflicted, and looked at her husband.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तमुग्रतपसा युक्त भावितं सुमहामुनिम्

English

Hearing his wife's words, joined with the logic of dharma, filled with great joy, his eyes full of tears,

हिन्दी अर्थ

तमपश्यत् सुतपसमृषिं वै गौतमं तदा

English

seeing the fowler, the bird honoured, with effort, by the rite seen in scripture, that man who lived on birds.

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्राउजलि: प्रयतो भूत्वा उपविष्टस्तपोधन:

English

And he said, "Welcome; tell me what I should do; do not grieve; you are in your own house.

हिन्दी अर्थ

करूँ? ऐसा कहते हुए उन्हें धर्मचर्चा सुननेके लिये सम्मति प्रदान की

English

Tell me quickly what I should do, what you wish; I speak to you with affection, for you have come to us for refuge.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कथं च लोकानाप्रोति पुरुषो दुर्लभान् शुचीन्

English

Hospitality is to be done with effort to one who has come for refuge, especially by a householder engaged in the five sacrifices.

हिन्दी अर्थ

हो सकता है? और किस प्रकार उसे दुर्लभ एवं पवित्र लोकोंकी प्राप्ति होती है?

English

The householder who out of delusion does not perform the five sacrifices has by dharma neither this world nor the next.

हिन्दी अर्थ

मातापित्रोरहरह: पूजनं कार्यमज्जसा

English

So tell me, trusting; whatever you say in words I shall do, all of it; do not turn your mind against the world."

हिन्दी अर्थ

पिताकी सेवा-पूजा करनी चाहिए

English

Hearing the bird's words, the fowler said, "The cold afflicts me; let a protection from the frost be made."

हिन्दी अर्थ

एकोनत्रिंशदधिकशततमो ध्याय:

English

Thus addressed, the bird spread leaves on the ground and went quickly to fetch dry ones with effort, for kindling.

हिन्दी अर्थ

राज्यात् प्रच्यवमानस्य गतिमग्ग्रामपश्यत:

English

Going to a place where charcoal was made, he took fire and came back, and then kindled the fire in the dry leaves.

हिन्दी अर्थ

विग्रहे वर्तमानस्य दुर्बलस्य बलीयसा

English

Having made a great blaze, he said to him who had come for refuge, "Warm yourself, trusting, and your limbs, without fear from any quarter."

हिन्दी अर्थ

करनेमें भलाई है?

English

Thus addressed, he said "so be it," and the fowler warmed his limbs; his life restored by the fire, he then spoke to the bird.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अपृष्टो नोत्सहे वक्तुं धर्ममेतं युधिष्ठिर

English

"I want food to be given; hunger torments me." Promising that, the bird spoke.

हिन्दी अर्थ

श्रुत्वोपास्यथ सदाचारै: साधुर्भवति स क्वचित्

English

"I have no store by which I might end your hunger; we forest-dwellers live ever on what arises.

हिन्दी अर्थ

व्यतीत करनेवाला पुरुष कहीं कोई बिरला ही होता है

English

We have no hoard, like the sages in the forest." Having said this, he then became pale-faced.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तादृशोयमनुप्रश्न: संव्यवस्य: स्वया धिया

English

"How indeed should it be done?" he was ever absorbed in this thought, best of the Bharatas, reproaching his own livelihood.

हिन्दी अर्थ

नाहमेतादृशं धर्म बुभूषे धर्मकारणात्

English

After a moment, regaining consciousness, the bird said to the bird-killer, "I shall satisfy you; wait a moment."

हिन्दी अर्थ

धर्मको नहीं अपनाना चाहता

English

Having said this, he kindled a fire with dry leaves, and the pigeon, filled with great joy, spoke again.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अभिगम्यमतीनां हि सर्वासामेव निश्चय:

English

"I have heard before of the dharma of gods, sages, ancestors and great souls: great is the honouring of a guest.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तथा तथा विजानाति विज्ञानमथ रोचते

English

Show me favour today; I tell you this truth; my mind is made up about the honouring of a guest."

हिन्दी अर्थ

राज्ञ: कोशक्षयादेव जायते बलसंक्षय:

English

Then that bird, true to his promise, as if laughing, circled the fire three times and entered it, lord of the earth.

हिन्दी अर्थ

खजानेके नष्ट होनेसे ही राजाके बलका नाश होता है

English

Seeing the bird enter the midst of the fire, the fowler thought in his mind, "What have I done?

हिन्दी अर्थ

उपायधर्म प्राप्येमं पूर्वराचरितं जनै:

English

Alas, for me, cruel and despised for my own deeds, a great and dreadful adharma will come, without doubt."

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्राकुकोशात् प्राप्यते धर्मो वृत्तिर्धर्मादू गरीयसी

English

Thus the fowler lamented in many ways, reproaching his own deeds, seeing the bird in such a state.

हिन्दी अर्थ

उद्यमो नैपुएं क्षात्रे बाहुवीर्यादिति श्रुति:

English

A kingdom, coveted by all like meat, can never be protected by candour and simplicity. A king, O Yudhishthira, should, therefore, always conduct himself with both candour and crookedness. If in protecting his subjects a king falls into danger, he earns great merit. Even such should be the conduct of kings. I have now told thee a portion only of the duties of kings. Tell me, O best of the Kurus, what more you wish to know."

हिन्दी अर्थ

धन छोड़कर और किसका धन नहीं ले सकता है (अर्थात् सभीका ले सकता है)

English

"What a thing I, cruel and senseless, have done! The sin will remain always in my heart as long as I live."

हिन्दी अर्थ

अभोज्यान्नानि चाश्रीयात् तथेदं नात्र संशय:

English

Reproaching himself again and again, he said, "Shame on me, of evil mind, ever resolved on deceit, who gave up good deeds to be a fowler of birds.

हिन्दी अर्थ

भैक्ष्यचर्या न विहिता न च विट् शूद्रजीविका

English

This is a rebuke to me, cruel as I am, without doubt, given by the great-souled pigeon, who gave his own flesh.

हिन्दी अर्थ

जहत: प्रथमं कल्पमनुकल्पेन जीवनम्

English

I shall give up my dear life, leaving my wife and sons; for dharma has been taught to me by the pigeon, so supremely righteous.

हिन्दी अर्थ

वर्णकी वृत्तिसे जीविका चलानेका विधान है

English

From today I shall dry up my body, deprived of all enjoyments, as a little water dries in summer.

हिन्दी अर्थ

आददीत विशिष्टेभ्यो नावसीदेत् कथंचन

English

Enduring hunger, thirst and heat, thin, with veins showing, I shall practise by many fasts what bears on the next world.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तस्मात् संरक्षता कार्यमादान क्षत्रबन्धुना

English

Ah, by giving his body he showed the honouring of a guest; therefore I shall practise dharma, for dharma is the highest goal; dharma has been seen by the most righteous in the form of this best of birds."

हिन्दी अर्थ

क्षत्रियबन्धुको प्रजाकी रक्षा करते हुए ही धन ग्रहण करना चाहिए

English

Having spoken thus and resolved, the fowler of dreadful deeds, of strict vows, took the great departure and set out.

हिन्दी अर्थ

यह श्रुतिका निर्णय है

English

Vaisampayana continued, "The illustrious Vyasa and Devasthana and Aswa, and Vasudeva and Kripa and Satyaki and Sanjaya, filled with joy, and with faces resembling full-blown flowers, said, 'Excellent! Excellent!' and hymned the praises of that tiger among men, viz., Bhishma, that foremost of virtuous persons. Then Yudhishthira, that chief of Kuru's race, with a cheerless heart and eyes bathed in tears, gently touched Bhishma's feet and said, 'O grandsire, I shall to-morrow enquire after those points about which I have my doubts, for today, the sun, having sucked the moisture of all terrestrial objects, is about to set.' Then Kesava and Kripa and Yudhishthira and others, saluting the Brahmanas (assembled there) and circumambulating the son of the great river, cheerfully ascended their cars. All of them observant of excellent vows then bathed in the current of the Drishadwati. Having offered oblations of water unto their ancestors and silently recited the sacred mantras and done other auspicious acts, and having performed the evening prayer with due rites, those scorchers of foes entered the city called after the

हिन्दी अर्थ

अप्यरण्यसमुत्थस्य एकस्य चरतो मुने:

English

Vaisampayana said, "Rising from their beds the next day and performing the morning rites laid down in the scriptures, the Pandavas and the Yadavas set out (for the spot where Bhishma lay) on their cars resembling fortified towns. Proceeding to the field of Kuru and approaching the sinless Bhishma, they enquired of that foremost of car-warriors if he had passed the night happily. Saluting all the Rishis, and blessed by them in return, the princes took their seats around Bhishma. Then king Yudhishthira the just possessed of great energy, having worshipped Bhishma duly, said these words with joined hands.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अन्रैतच्छम्बरस्याहुर्महामायस्य दर्शनम्

English

[The she-pigeon said:] "Beloved, I do not remember ever having displeased you. Every woman who is a widow, though with many sons, bird, is to be pitied by her kin, if she is high-minded and without a husband.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अवृत्त्यान्यमनुष्योडपि यो वैदेशिक इत्यपि

English

I was always cherished by you, honoured, and comforted with sweet, tender and charming words again and again.

हिन्दी अर्थ

रहे हों उस राजाके जीवनको धिक्‍कार है

English

In mountain caves, by river waterfalls, and on lovely treetops, I was delighted by you, my dear.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तन्मूलं सर्वधर्माणां धर्ममूला: पुनः प्रजा:

English

In travelling through the sky, too, I was happy with you; I have roamed with you, beloved; today I have nothing.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तदर्थ पीडयित्वा च दोषं प्राप्तुंन सो5हीति

English

A father gives a measure, a mother a measure, a son a measure; who would not honour a husband, the giver of the measureless?

हिन्दी अर्थ

पीड़ा देकर भी राजा दोषका भागी नहीं हो सकता

English

There is no protector like a husband, no happiness like a husband; leaving aside all wealth, the husband is a woman's refuge.

हिन्दी अर्थ

एतस्मात् कारणादू राजा न दोषं प्राप्तमर्ति

English

I have no use for life here without you, lord; what virtuous woman, even if without a husband, could bear to live?"

हिन्दी अर्थ

एवं बुद्धया सम्प्रपश्येन्मेधावी कार्यनिश्चयम्

English

Having lamented thus in many pitiful ways, that wife, devoted to her husband and sorely grieved, entered the blazing fire.

हिन्दी अर्थ

विशेषत: कुरुश्रेष्ठ प्रजापालनमीप्सया

English

"Yudhishthira said, 'Whence arose the word Rajan (King), that is used, O Bharata, on earth? Tell me this, O scorcher of foes! Possessed of hands and arms and neck like others, having understanding and senses like those of others, subject like others to the same kinds of joy and grief, endued with back, mouth, and stomach similar to those of the rest of the world, having vital fluids and bones and marrow and flesh and blood similar to those of, the rest of the world, inhaling and exhaling breaths like others, possessed of life-breaths and bodies like other men, resembling others in birth and death,

हिन्दी अर्थ

तो सर्वथा अशक्य है

English

in fact, similar to others in respect of all attributes of humanity, for what reason does one man, viz., the king, govern the rest of the world numbering many men possessed of great intelligence and bravery? Whence is it that one man rules the wide world teeming with brave and energetic and high-born men of good behaviour? Why do all men seek to obtain his favour? Why is it that if one man becomes delighted, the whole world becomes delighted, and if that one man is troubled, the whole world becomes troubled? I desire to hear this in detail, O bull of Bharata's race! O foremost of speakers, discourse to me on this fully. O king, there cannot but be a grave reason for all this since it is seen that the whole world bows down to one man as to a god.

हिन्दी अर्थ

राष्ट्रेण राजा व्यसने रक्षितव्यस्तथा भवेत्

English

"Bhishma said, 'With concentrated attention, O tiger among kings, listen to it in detail as to how in the Krita age sovereignty first began. At first there was no sovereignty, no king, no chastisement, and no chastiser. All men used to protect one another righteously. As they thus lived, O Bharata, righteously protecting one another, they found the task (after some time) to be painful. Error then began to assail their hearts. Having become subject to error, the perceptions of men, O prince, came to be clouded, and thence their virtue began to decline. When their perceptions were dimmed and when men became subject to error, all of them became covetous. O chief of the Bharatas! And because men sought to obtain objects, which they did not possess, another passion called lust (of acquisition) got hold of them. When they became subject to lust, another passion, named anger, soon soiled them. Once subject to wrath, they lost all consideration of what should be done and what should not. Unrestrained sexual indulgence set in. Men began to utter what they chose. All distinctions between food that is clean and unclean and between virtue and vice disappeared. When this confusion set in amongst men, the Vedas

हिन्दी अर्थ

करके कर्तव्यका निश्चय करे

English

disappeared. Upon the disappearance of the Vedas, Righteousness was lost. When both the Vedas and righteousness were lost, the gods were possessed by fear. Overcome with fear, O tiger among men, they sought the protection of Brahmana. Having gratified the divine Grandsire of the universe, the gods, afflicted with grief, said unto him, with joined hands, 'O god, the eternal Vedas have been afflicted in the world of men by covetousness and error. For this, we have been struck with fear. Through loss of the Vedas, O Supreme Lord, righteousness also has been lost. For this, O Lord of the three worlds, we are about to descend to the level of human beings. Men used to pour libations upwards while we used to pour rain downwards. I In consequence, however, of the cessation of all pious rites among men, great distress will be our lot. Do thou then, O Grandsire, think of that which would benefit us, so that the universe, created by thy power, may not meet with destruction.' Thus addressed, the Self-born and divine Lord said unto them, 'I shall think of what will do good to all. Ye foremost of gods, let your fears be

हिन्दी अर्थ

धर्म: संशब्दितो राज्ञामापदर्थमतोडन्यथा

English

"By what austerity could I reach the highest goal?" Having determined this by thought, he began to set out.

हिन्दी अर्थ

योग्य है; अन्यथा नहीं

English

The fowler, who lived by birds, having taken the great departure, motionless, living on air, without possessiveness, in desire of heaven,

हिन्दी अर्थ

बुद्धया दाक्ष्येण चैवान्ये विन्दन्ति धनसंचयान्

English

then saw a very wide, delightful lake adorned with lotuses, crowded with flocks of various birds, with cool, fair water; even one thirsty, seeing it, would be sated, without doubt.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सर्व धनवता प्राप्यं सर्व तरति कोशवान्

English

Emaciated by fasting, the fowler, king, joyfully went on to the forest inhabited by wild beasts.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तं च धर्मेण लिप्सेत नाधर्मेण कदाचन

English

Having made a great resolve, the fowler entered, and as he entered the forest he was seized by thorns.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ही पानेकी इच्छा करे, अधर्मसे कभी नहीं

English

His limbs torn by thorns, his skin wet with blood, he wandered in that lonely place full of many deer.

हिन्दी अर्थ

परिशड्किततवृत्तस्य श्रुतमन्त्रस्य भारत

English

Then in the forest, by the wind among the great trees, a mighty fire arose from the friction.

हिन्दी अर्थ

असम्भावितमित्रस्य भिन्नामात्यस्य सर्वश:

English

The fire, enraged, burned that forest, thick with trees and tangled with creepers and branches, with a blaze like the fire at the end of the age.

हिन्दी अर्थ

यज्ञस्यार्थार्थमेवान्यत् तत् सर्व यज्ञसाधनम्

English

dispelled!' The Grandsire then composed by his own intelligence a treatise consisting of a hundred thousand chapters. In it were treated the subject of Virtue, Profit, and Pleasure. Which the Self-born designated as the triple aggregate. He treated of a fourth subject called Emancipation with opposite meaning and attributes. The triple aggregate in respect of emancipation, viz., to the attributes of Goodness, Passion, and Darkness, and another, (a fourth, viz., the practice of duty without hope of bliss or reward in this or the other world), were treated in it. Another triple aggregate connected with Chastisement, viz., Conversation, Growth, and Destruction, was treated in it. l Another aggregate of six consisting of the hearts of men, place, time, means, overt acts, and alliances, and causes, were treated in it. The religious rites laid down in the three Vedas, knowledge, and the acts necessary for the support of life, (viz., agriculture, trade, &c), O bull of Bharata's race, and the very extensive branch of learning called punitive legislation, were laid down in it. The subjects also of behaviour towards counsellors, of spies, the indications of princes, of secret agents possessed of diverse means, of envoys and agents of other kinds, conciliation, fomenting discord, gifts, and chastisement, O king, with toleration as the fifth, were fully treated therein. Deliberation of all kinds, counsels for producing disunion, the errors of deliberation, the results of the success or failure of counsels, treaties of three kinds, viz., bad, middling, and good, made through fear, good offices, and gifts of wealth, were described in detail. The four kinds of time for making journeys, the details of the aggregate of three, the three kinds of victory, viz., that secured righteously, that won by wealth, and that obtained by deceitful ways, were described in detail. The three kinds of attributes, viz., bad, middling, and good, of the aggregate of five (viz., counsellors, kingdom, fort, army, and treasury,) were also treated in it. Chastisements of two kinds, viz., open and secret, were indicated. The eight kinds of open chastisement, as also the eight kinds of secret chastisement, were dealt with in detail. Cars, elephants, horses, and foot- soldiers, O son of Pandu, impressed labourers, crews, and paid attendants (of armies), and guides taken from the country which is the seat of war, these are the eight instruments, O Kauravya, of open chastisement or forces acting openly. The use and administration of movable and immovable poison were also mentioned in respect of the three kinds of things, viz., wearing apparel, food, and incantations. Enemies, allies, and neutrals,— these also were described. The diverse characteristics of roads (to be taken, as dependent on stars and planets, etc.), the attributes of the soil (on which to encamp), protection of self, superintendence of the construction of cars and other utensils of war and use, the diverse means for protecting and improving

हिन्दी अर्थ

यूपं छिन्दन्ति यज्ञार्थ तत्र ये परिपन्थिन:

English

Then, with a joyful heart, for release of his body, the fowler ran toward the swelling fire.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ते चापि निपतन्तोन्यान् निधघ्नन्त्येव वनस्पतीन्

English

Burnt by that fire, the fowler, his sins destroyed, then reached the highest perfection, best of the Bharatas.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तानहत्वा न पश्यामि सिद्धिमत्र परंतप

English

Then, free of fever, he saw himself in heaven, shining like Indra among yakshas, gandharvas and siddhas.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सत्यं च धर्मवचनं यथा नास्त्यधनस्तथा

English

Thus indeed the pigeon and the devoted she-pigeon went to heaven with the fowler, by meritorious deeds.

हिन्दी अर्थ

न तुल्यदोष: स्यादेवं कार्याकार्येषु भारत

English

And any woman who so follows her husband shines at once, standing in heaven like the she-pigeon.

हिन्दी अर्थ

न हारण्येषु पश्यामि धनवृद्धानहं क्वचित्

English

So this is the old tale of the great-souled fowler and the pigeon, whose end was most righteous through meritorious deeds.

हिन्दी अर्थ

धनमें बढ़ा-चढ़ा नहीं देखता

English

Whoever hears this always, or recites it, has nothing inauspicious, even in mind, though heedless.

हिन्दी अर्थ

जाय', ऐसी ही अभिलाषा सभी लोगोंको रहती है

English

Yudhishthira, this dharma is great, best of those who uphold dharma: even for killers of cows there may be atonement for the sinful deed, but there is none for one who kills one who has come for refuge."