Shanti Parva

हिन्दी अर्थ

चिरोषितावुभावावां वृक्षेडस्मिन् विदितं च ते

English

are quite unconnected with each other. Nilakantha rightly supposes that Karyam is understood after Mahikshitah. Karana, however, is not kriya as explained by Nilakantha but opportunities and means.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अन्यथा विचार मनमें न लाओ

English

[Narada said to the Wind:] "A certain silk-cotton tree on the Himalaya's flank, with many dependents, with a great root and great branches, despises you, Wind.

हिन्दी अर्थ

हर्षादुद्वीक्ष्य पलितं स्वागतेनाभ्यपूजयत्

English

He spoke to you many words of insult; they are not fit for me to speak to you, lord.

हिन्दी अर्थ

मेरा प्रिय करनेवाले हो, अतः तुम्हारा भलीभाँति आदर-सत्कार करूँगा

English

I know you, Wind, as the best of all who bear breath, the highest and the greatest, in anger like Vaivasvata."

हिन्दी अर्थ

निष्कारणमेव कुरुतेडन्य:

English

Hearing Narada's words, the wind approached that Shalmali, enraged, and said:

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्रविवेश तु विश्रभ्य क्रोडमस्य कृतागस:

English

"Shalmali, what you said to Narada, reviling me: I am the wind; I shall show you my power, my strength.

हिन्दी अर्थ

मार्जारोरसि विस्रब्ध: सुष्वाप पितृमातृवत्

English

I do know you, and you are known to me, tree; Grandfather Brahma rested on you at the creation of beings.

हिन्दी अर्थ

गोदके समान उस बिलावकी छातीपर निर्भय होकर सो गया

English

Because of his resting, the favour that was done to you, you are protected by that, ill-minded, lowest of trees, not by your own strength.

हिन्दी अर्थ

दृष्टवा तौ नकुलोलूकौ निराशौ प्रत्यपद्यताम्

English

Since you despise me as another common thing, I shall show you myself, so that you will know me."

हिन्दी अर्थ

चिरकालसे इस वृक्षका आश्रय लेकर रहते हैं, यह बात तो तुम्हें ज्ञात ही है

English

obedient to that person who beholds his face to be amiable, etc., etc." It should be borne in mind that Bhishma is answering Yudhishthira's query as to why the whole world adores one man. One of the reasons is a mysterious influence which induces every man who beholds the amiable face of the king to render him homage.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कालातीतमिहार्थ तु न प्रशंसन्ति पण्डिता:

English

[Shalmali said:] "Give up your anger toward me; what will you do to me in anger? I do not fear you, wind, even if you are lord yourself."

हिन्दी अर्थ

स तारयति तत् काष्ठं स च काछेन तार्यते

English

Thus addressed, the wind said, "Tomorrow! I shall show you my strength"; then night came.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अहं त्वां तारयिष्यामि मां च त्वं तारयिष्यसि

English

Then Shalmali, considering in his mind what the wind had caused, seeing himself unequal to Matarishvan,

हिन्दी अर्थ

हेतुमद् ग्रहणीयं च कालापेक्षी न्यवेक्ष्य च

English

thought, "What I said to Narada about the wind was false; I am unable against the wind, for he is mighty by strength.

हिन्दी अर्थ

मिलनेके अवसरकी प्रतीक्षा करता हुआ बिलावकी ओर देखने लगा

English

The wind is ever mighty, as Narada said; I am indeed weaker than other trees, without doubt.

हिन्दी अर्थ

हेतुमद् ग्रहणीयार्थ मार्जारो वाक्यमब्रवीत्

English

But in intelligence no tree is equal to me; relying on that intelligence I shall be free of the fear of the wind.

हिन्दी अर्थ

स्वामवस्थां समीक्ष्याथ साम्नैव प्रत्यपूजयत्

English

If leafy trees in the forest were to act relying on that wisdom, they would always be safe from the angry wind, without doubt.

हिन्दी अर्थ

मूषिकं मन्दमुद्वीक्ष्य मार्जारो लोमशोडब्रवीत्

English

The foolish ones here do not know it, how the wind, enraged, would not blow upon them; I know how."

हिन्दी अर्थ

श्रेयक्ष॒ यदि जानीषे क्रियतां मा विचारय

English

Then, resolved in mind and agitated, Shalmali himself shed his branches, trunks and twigs.

हिन्दी अर्थ

द्वयोरापन्नयो: संधि: क्रियतां मा चिराय च

English

Having cast off his branches, leaves and flowers, the tree at dawn looked for the wind's coming.

हिन्दी अर्थ

आपत्तिमें पड़े हुए हम दोनोंको संधि कर लेनी चाहिए। इसमें विलम्ब न हो

English

Then the angry wind, blowing, felling great trees, came to that place where the Shalmali stood.

हिन्दी अर्थ

मयि कृच्छाद् विनिर्मुक्ते न विनड्क्ष्यति ते कृतम्

English

Seeing him stripped of leaves, with fallen top branches and scattered flowers, the wind spoke smiling to the broken-branched Shalmali, who was joyful.

हिन्दी अर्थ

निदेशवशवर्ती च भवन्तं शरणं गत:

English

"I too, Shalmali, would have done just this to you in anger: by yourself you have done the whole stripping of the branches.

हिन्दी अर्थ

शरणमें आ गया हूँ

English

Stripped of flowers and top branches, with shed shoots and leaves, by your own ill counsel you have come under the power of my strength."

हिन्दी अर्थ

वाक्‍्यं हितमुवाचेदमभिनीतार्थमर्थवित्

English

Hearing this speech of the wind, Shalmali was ashamed then, and tormented, remembering what Narada had said.

हिन्दी अर्थ

बिलावसे यह अभिप्रायपूर्ण हितकर बात कही--

English

So, tiger among kings, the weak man who sets enmity with the stronger suffers like a child, as Shalmali did.

हिन्दी अर्थ

विहितो यस्तु मार्गो मे हितार्थ शृणु तं मम

English

Therefore a weak man should not make enmity with the stronger; the one who makes enmity would grieve, as Shalmali did.

हिन्दी अर्थ

त्रायस्व भो मा वधीस्त्वं शक्तोडस्मि तव रक्षणे

English

The great-souled do not reveal enmity toward those who have wronged them; slowly, slowly, great king, they show their strength.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अहं छेत्स्यामि ते पाशान् सखे सत्येन ते शपे

English

The ill-minded man should not make enmity with one who lives by intelligence; the intelligence of the intelligent goes like fire in cotton.

हिन्दी अर्थ

स विचिन्त्याब्रवीद् धीर: प्रीतस्त्वरित एव च

English

There is nothing in a man equal to intelligence, king, nor to strength, lord of kings; let one think that none is equal.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तव प्राज्ञ प्रसादाद्धि प्राय: प्राप्स्पामि जीवितम्

English

Therefore one should be patient toward the child, the dull and the deaf, and toward the stronger, lord of kings; that was seen in you, slayer of foes.

हिन्दी अर्थ

हो, उसके लिये मुझे आज्ञा दो, मैं अवश्य करूँगा। हम दोनोंमें संधि रहनी चाहिए

English

Eleven akshauhinis, and seven too, resplendent one, were not equal in strength, king, to the great-souled Arjuna.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सर्वकार्याणि कर्तहं प्रियाणि च हितानि च

English

They were slain and broken by the glorious Pandava, who, relying on strength, roamed the battle, the son of Indra.

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्रीतिमुत्पादयेयं च प्रीतिकर्तुश्व सत्क्रियाम्

English

The duties of kings and the duties in calamity have been told to you, Bharata, at length, great king; what more shall I say?"

हिन्दी अर्थ

दृष्टवा तयो: परां प्रीतिं विस्मयं परमं गतौ

English

Vaisampayana said, "After this, Yudhishthira, saluted his grandsire, viz. the son of Ganga, and with joined hands and concentrated attention, once more asked him, saying, 'What are the general duties of the four orders of men, and what the special duties of each order? What mode of life should be adopted by which order? What duties are especially called the duties of kings? By what means does a kingdom grow, and what are those means by which the king himself grows? How also, O bull of Bharata's race, do the citizens and the servants of the king grow? What sorts of treasuries, punishments, forts, allies, counsellors, priests, and preceptors, should a king avoid? I Whom should the king trust in what kinds of distress and danger? From what evils should the king guard himself firmly? Tell me all this, O grandsire!'

हिन्दी अर्थ

तदेव काल आरब्धं महतेर्थाय कल्पते

English

[Bhishma said:] "Hear the seat of sin, lord of men; greed alone is the great crocodile; from greed sin proceeds.

हिन्दी अर्थ

यत्नं कुरु महाप्राज्ञ यथा रक्षा5डवयोर्भवेत्

English

From it come sin and adharma, and the highest sorrow; this is the root of deceit, by which men become doers of sin.

हिन्दी अर्थ

इस प्रकार कहनेवाले बिलावसे यह उत्तम बात कही--

English

From greed anger arises, from greed desire proceeds; from greed come delusion, deceit, pride, stiffness and murderousness.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ममापि त्वं विजानासि स्वमर्थ परिगृह्नत:

English

Impatience, loss of shame, destruction of fortune, decay of dharma, covetousness and cleverness: all proceed from greed.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सुरक्षितव्यं तत् कार्य पाणि: सर्पमुखादिव

English

Injustice, thoughtlessness, activities in wrong deeds, forgery and the like, and intoxication with beauty and power,

हिन्दी अर्थ

अपथ्यमिव तद् भुक्तं तस्य नार्थाय कल्पते

English

distrust of all beings, crookedness toward all beings, malice toward all beings, unfitness toward all beings, the taking of others' wealth and touching others' wives,

हिन्दी अर्थ

जोल खाये हुए अपथ्य अन्नके समान हितकर नहीं होता

English

the impulse of speech, the impulse of mind, the impulse of blame, the impulses of the genitals and the belly, and the dreadful impulse of death,

हिन्दी अर्थ

अर्थतस्तु निबद्धयन्ते मित्राणि रिपवस्तथा

English

the strong impulse of envy, the hard-to-abandon impulse of falsehood, the impulse of taste that cannot be checked, and the hard-to-bear impulse of hearing.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अशक्तौ तु नयात् तस्मात् सम्प्रधर्षयेतुं बलातू

English

"Bhishma said, 'I bow down to Dharma who is great, and to Krishna who is Brahma. Having bowed down also unto the Brahmanas (assembled here), I shall discourse on duties that are eternal. The suppression of wrath, truthfulness of speech, justice, forgiveness, begetting children upon one's own wedded wives, purity of conduct, avoidance of quarrel, simplicity, and maintenance of dependants, these nine duties belong to all the four orders (equally). Those duties, however, which belong exclusively to Brahmanas, I shall now tell thee. Self-restraint, O king, has been declared to be the first duty of Brahmanas. Study of the Vedas, and patience in undergoing austerities, (are also their other duties). By practising these two, all their acts are

हिन्दी अर्थ

आक्रमण करनेमें समर्थ न हो सके

English

accomplished. If while engaged in the observance of his own duties, without doing any improper act, wealth comes to a peaceful Brahmana possessed of knowledge, he should then marry and seek to beget children and should also practise charity and perform sacrifices. It has been declared by the wise that wealth thus obtained should be enjoyed by distributing it (among deserving persons and relatives). By his study of the Vedas all the pious acts (laid down for the Brahmana) are accomplished. Whether he does or does not achieve anything else, if he devotes himself to the study of the Vedas, he becomes (by that) known as a Brahmana or the friend of all creatures. I shall also tell thee, O Bharata, what the duties are of a Kshatriya. A Kshatriya, O king, should give but not beg, should himself perform sacrifices but not officiate as a priest in the sacrifices of others. He should never teach (the Vedas) but study (them with a Brahmana preceptor). He should protect the people. Always exerting himself for the destruction of robbers and wicked people, he should put forth his prowess in battle. Those among Kshatriya rulers who perform great sacrifices, who are possessed of a knowledge of the Vedas, and who gain victories in battle, become foremost of those that acquire many blessed regions hereafter by their merit. Persons conversant with the old scriptures do not applaud that Kshatriya who returns unwounded from battle. This has been declared to be the conduct of a wretched Kshatriya. 1 There is no higher duty for him than the suppression of robbers. Gifts, study, and sacrifices, bring prosperity to kings. Therefore, a king who

हिन्दी अर्थ

देखकर उल्लू और नेवला देनों तत्काल अपने निवासस्थानको लौट गये

English

Greed, which cannot be filled by getting, Kuru's bull, like the ocean ever by deep-watered rivers, one who does not rejoice in gains and is not sated by desires,

हिन्दी अर्थ

चिच्छेद पाशान् नृपते कालापेक्षी शनै: शनै:

English

which is not truly known by gods, gandharvas, asuras, great serpents or all hosts of beings, king: that greed, with delusion, must be conquered by one who has conquered himself.

हिन्दी अर्थ

छिन्दन्तं वै तदा पाशानत्वरन्तं त्वरान्वित:

English

Hypocrisy, malice, blame, backbiting and jealousy arise, Kauravya, in the greedy who have not mastered themselves.

हिन्दी अर्थ

संचोदयितुमारेभे मार्जारो मूषिकं तदा

English

The much-learned bear very great scriptures, and are cutters of doubts, yet the dull-witted suffer here.

हिन्दी अर्थ

छिन्धि पाशानमित्रघ्न पुरा श्वपच एति च

English

Attached to hatred and anger, cast out from the conduct of the good, sharp within and sweet outside, like wells covered with grass, petty snarers in the name of dharma, bannerbearers, they rob the world.

हिन्दी अर्थ

मेरे बन्धनोंको काट दो”

English

They make many paths, relying on the strength of arguments, and wipe out the whole road, settled in greed and ignorance.

हिन्दी अर्थ

मार्जारमकृतप्रज्ञं पथ्यमात्महितं वच:

English

The institution of dharma, when it is carried off by the evil-souled seized by greed, whatever is altered, thereby it is entered.

हिन्दी अर्थ

वयमेवात्र कालज्ञा न काल: परिहास्यते

English

Pride, anger, intoxication, sleep, joy, grief and excessive self-regard are seen, Kauravya, in greedy minds; know these as the unrefined, ever joined with greed.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तस्मात् काल प्रतीक्षस्व किमिति त्वरसे सखे

English

But ask the refined, of pure vows, whom I shall name, in whom there is no fear for livelihood, nor fear of the next world.

हिन्दी अर्थ

मित्र! थोड़ी देर और प्रतीक्षा करो; क्यों इतनी जल्दी मचा रहे हो?

English

They have no attachment to meat, nor to the pleasant or unpleasant; they love the conduct of the good and are established in self-control.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ततश्छेत्स्यामि ते पाशान् प्राप्ते साधारणे भये

English

To them pleasure and pain are the highest; truth is their refuge; they are givers, not takers, and compassionate.

हिन्दी अर्थ

साधारण-सा भय उपस्थित होनेपर मैं शीघ्र ही तुम्हारे बन्धन काट डालूँगा

English

They honour ancestors, gods and guests, ever diligent, benefactors of all, steadfast, upholders of all dharma.

हिन्दी अर्थ

न हि ते जीवितादन्यत् किंचित् कृत्यं भविष्यति

English

They are for the good of all beings, and give everything, Bharata; they cannot be moved, having reached the far shore of the work of dharma.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कोई कार्य तुम्हें आवश्यक नहीं प्रतीत होगा

English

Their conduct, made earlier by the good, is not broken; they are not timid or restless or fierce, but stand on the path of the good.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अहं बिल प्रवेक्ष्यामि भवान् शाखां भजिष्यति

English

Those in whom non-violence is established are always to be served by the good; those free of desire and anger, without possessiveness and ego, of good vows and fixed limits: attend on them and question them.

हिन्दी अर्थ

वचन वाक्यतत्त्वज्ञो जीवितार्थी महामति:

English

Yudhishthira, their dharma is not for cattle or fame; the actions of the body are done as an unavoidable duty.

हिन्दी अर्थ

उवाच लोमशो वाक्‍यं मूषिकं चिरकारिणम्

English

In them there is no fear, anger, restlessness, or grief; they are not displayers of dharma, and keep nothing secret.

हिन्दी अर्थ

यथा त्वां मोक्षित: कृच्छात् त्वरमाणेन वै मया

English

Be attached, Kaunteya, to those in whom there is no greed or delusion, who delight in truth and honesty, and whose minds are made untiring.

हिन्दी अर्थ

पश्य दुष्कृतकर्मस्त्वं व्यक्तमायु:क्षयं तव

English

Those who do not rejoice in gains nor suffer in losses, without possessiveness or ego, established in sattva, seeing all alike,

हिन्दी अर्थ

नहीं लाना चाहिए, मैं क्षमा माँगता हूँ। तुम मुझपर प्रसन्न हो जाओ

English

for whom gain and loss, pleasure and pain, dear and undear, death and life are alike, of steady valour, whose selves are awakened, abiding in goodness,

हिन्दी अर्थ

उवाचेदं वच: श्रेष्ठ मार्जारं मूषिकस्तदा

English

those of great might, who love not pleasure, you should serve with effort and without heedlessness. By fate all become virtuous, as with good and bad speech and lamentation alike."

हिन्दी अर्थ

नच वक्चित् कृते कार्य कर्तारें समवेक्षते

English

desires to acquire religious merit should engage in battle. 2 Establishing all his subjects in the observance of their respective duties, it king should cause all of them to do everything according to the dictates of righteousness. Whether he does or does not do any other act, if only he protects his subjects, he is regarded to accomplish all religious acts and is called a Kshatriya and the foremost of men. I shall now tell thee, O Yudhishthira, what the eternal duties of the Vaisya are. A Vaisya should make gifts, study the Vedas, perform sacrifices, and acquire wealth by fair means. With proper attention he should also protect and rear all (domestic) animals as a sire protecting his sons. Anything else that he will do will be regarded as improper for him. By protecting the (domestic) animals, he would obtain great happiness. The Creator, having created the (domestic) animals, bestowed their care upon the Vaisya. Upon the Brahmana and the Kshatriya he conferred (the care of) all creatures. I shall tell thee what the Vaisya's profession is and how he is to earn the means of his sustenance. If he keeps (for others) six kine, he may take the milk of one cow as his remuneration; and if he keeps (for others) a hundred kine, he may take a single pair as such fee. If he trades with other's wealth, he may take a seventh part of the profits (as his share). A seventh also is his share in the profits arising from the trade in horns, but he should take a sixteenth if the trade

हिन्दी अर्थ

डरते-डरते यही कहा--“भैया चूहा! अब क्या करोगे?”

English

[Bhishma said:] "He who does sin out of ignorance and does not know what is fit for himself, and hates those of good conduct, comes to be spoken ill of by the world.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अथ तावपि संत्रस्तौ तं दृष्टवा घोरसंकुलम्

English

By ignorance one goes to hell, by ignorance to a bad end; by ignorance one meets affliction and sinks in calamities."

हिन्दी अर्थ

बलिनौ मतिमन्तौ च संघाते चाप्युपागतौ

English

[Yudhishthira said:] "The origin of ignorance, its seat, growth, rise and decay, its root, its yoga, its course, its time, cause and reason,

हिन्दी अर्थ

कार्यार्थे कृतसंधानौ दृष्टवा मार्जारमूषिकौ

English

I wish to hear in truth, as it is, here, lord of the earth; for this sorrow that is found here arises from ignorance."

हिन्दी अर्थ

निवासस्थानको चले गये

English

[Bhishma said:] "Attachment, aversion, delusion, joy, grief, pride, desire, anger, arrogance, drowsiness and sloth,

हिन्दी अर्थ

ततश्रिच्छेद तं पाशं मार्जारस्थ च मूषिक:

English

wish, hatred, heat, increase and torment: this is declared to be ignorance, and the actions that are sinful.

हिन्दी अर्थ

जगाम स स्वभवनं चाण्डालो भरतर्षभ

English

The course arising from it, and the growth and the rest that you ask about, hear in detail, mighty-armed, lord of the people.

हिन्दी अर्थ

बिलस्थं पादपाग्रस्थ: पलितं लोमशोडब्रवीत्

English

These two, ignorance and excessive greed, are equal in fruit and equal in fault, Bharata; know them as one, lord of the earth.

हिन्दी अर्थ

छिन्नं तु तन्तुबाहुल्‍यं तन्तुरेको5वशेषितः

English

be in hoofs. If he engages in cultivation with seeds supplied by others, he may take a seventh part of the yield. This should be his annual remuneration. A Vaisya should never desire that he should not tend cattle. If a Vaisya desires to tend cattle, no one else should be employed in that task. I should tell thee, O Bharata, what the duties of a Sudra are. The Creator intended the Sudra to become the servant of the other three orders. For this, the service of the three other classes is the duty of Sudra. By such service of the other three, a Sudra may obtain great happiness. He should wait upon the three other classes according to their order of seniority. A Sudra should never amass wealth, lest, by his wealth, he makes the members of the three superior classes obedient to him. By this he would incur sin. With the king's permission, however, a Sudra, for performing religious acts, may earn wealth. I shall now tell thee the profession he should follow and the means by which he may earn his livelihood. It is said that Sudras should certainly be maintained by the (three) other orders. Worn-out umbrellas, turbans, beds and seats, shoes, and fans, should be given to the Sudra servants, i Torn clothes which are no longer fit for wear, should be given away by the regenerate classes unto the Sudra. These are the latter's lawful acquisitions. Men conversant with morality say that if the Sudra approaches any one belonging to the three regenerate orders from desire of doing menial service, the latter should assign him proper work. Unto the sonless Sudra his master should offer the funeral cake. The weak and the old amongst them should be maintained. 2 The Sudra should never abandon his master, whatever the nature or degree of the distress into which the latter may fall. If the master loses his wealth, he should with excessive zeal be supported by the Sudra servant. A Sudra cannot have any wealth that is his own. Whatever he possesses belongs lawfully to his master. 3 Sacrifice has been laid down as a duty of the three other orders. It has been ordained for the Sudra also, O Bharata! A Sudra, however, is not competent to titter swaha and swadha or any other Vedic mantra. For this reason, the Sudra, without observing the vows laid down in the Vedas, should worship the gods in minor sacrifices called Paka-yajnas. The gift called Purna-patra is declared to be the Dakshina of such sacrifices. 4 It has been heard by us that in days of old a Sudra of the name of Paijavana gave a Dakshina (in one of his sacrifices) consisting of a hundred thousand

हिन्दी अर्थ

तयो: संवदतोरेवं तथैवापन्नयोर्द्रयो:

English

The root of great greed is time, whose nature is its course; whether greed is cut or not cut, time alone is the cause.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ततः प्रभातसमये विकृत:ः कृष्णपिड्रल

English

From ignorance of it comes greed, and from greed ignorance; all faults come from greed; therefore one should avoid greed.

हिन्दी अर्थ

शंकुकर्णो महावक्त्रो मलिनो घोरदर्शन:

English

Janaka, Yuvanashva, Vrishadarbhi, Prasenajit, and other lords of men reached heaven through the destruction of greed.

हिन्दी अर्थ

त॑ दृष्टवा यमदूताभ॑ मार्जारिस्त्रस्तचेतन:

English

But, best of the Kurus, visibly, abandon greed here yourself; having abandoned greed, you will go happily in this world and the next."

हिन्दी अर्थ

कृतज्ञं कृतकर्माणं कच्चिन्मां नाभिशंकसे

English

Purnapatras, according to the ordinance called Aindragni. l Sacrifice (as has been already said), is as much laid down for the Sudra as for the three other classes. Of all sacrifices, devotion has been laid down to be the foremost. 2 Devotion is a high deity. It cleanses all sacrificers. Then again Brahmanas are the foremost of gods unto their respective Sudra attendants. They worship the gods in sacrifices, for obtaining the fruition of various wishes. The members of the three other classes have all sprung from the Brahmanas. 3 The Brahmanas are the gods of the very gods. Whatever they would say would be for thy great good. Therefore, all kinds of sacrifices naturally appertain to all the four orders. The obligation is not one whose discharge is optional. The Brahmana, who is conversant with Richs, Yajuses, and Samans, should always be worshipped as a god. The Sudra, who is without Richs and Yajuses and Samans, has Prajapati for his god. 4 Mental sacrifice. O sire, is laid down for all the orders, O Bharata! It is not true that the gods and other (Superior) persons do not manifest a desire to share the offerings in such sacrifices of even the Sudra. 5 For, this reason, the sacrifice that consists in devotion is laid down for all the classes. 6 The Brahmana is the foremost of gods. It is not true that they that belong to that order do not perform the sacrifices of the other orders. The fire called Vitana, though procured from Vaisyas and inspired with mantras, is still inferior. 7 The Brahmana is the performer or the sacrifices of the three other orders. For this reason all the four orders are holy. All the orders bear towards one another to relation of consanguinity, through the intermediate classes. They have all sprung from Brahmanas. In ascertaining (the priority or subsequence of men in respect of their creation) it will appear that amongst all the orders the Brahmana was created first. Originally Saman

हिन्दी अर्थ

ममापि तावद् ब्रुवतः शृणु यत् प्रतिभाति मे

English

[Yudhishthira said:] "In the many views of the world, tell me what you hold to be the highest good here, in this world and the next, grandsire.

हिन्दी अर्थ

नविश्वसेदविश्वस्ते विश्वस्ते नातिविश्वसेत्

English

This path of dharma is great and many-branched, Bharata; which of the dharmas is held to be the most fit to be practised?

हिन्दी अर्थ

यद्यपि भ्रातर: क्रुद्धा भार्या वा कारणान्तरे

English

Of the great dharma of many branches, king, what is the highest root in truth, dear? Tell me all, untiring."

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्रियो भवति दानेन प्रियवादेन चापर:

English

[Bhishma said:] "Well, I shall tell you that by which you will attain the highest good; as if drinking nectar, the wise one will be sated with knowledge.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कि नु तत् कारणं मन्ये येनाहं भवतः प्रिय:

English

The rules of dharma are many, each declared by the great sages according to their own knowledge; but self-control is the refuge of them all."

हिन्दी अर्थ

न त्वीदृशं त्वया वाच्यं विदुषि स्वार्थपण्डिते

English

The aged who see the settled truth call self-control the highest good; for a brahmana especially, self-control is eternal dharma.

हिन्दी अर्थ

विषयमें मेरा विचार सुनिश्चित है

English

For one who is not self-controlled, no rite is rightly accomplished; self-control surpasses giving, sacrifices and study.

हिन्दी अर्थ

आसीन्मैत्री तु तावन्नौ यावद्धेतुरभूत् पुरा

English

Self-control increases energy, and self-control is the supreme purifier; freed from sin and joined with energy, a man gains the great.

हिन्दी अर्थ

काम किया है। तुम्हें मेरी ओरसे कुछ शंका तो नहीं है?

English

was one; Yajus was one, and Rich was one. I In this connection, persons conversant with ancient histories cite a verse, O king, sung in praise of sacrifice by the Vaikhanasa Munis on the occasion of performing a sacrifice of theirs. Before or after sunrise a person of subdued senses, with heart filled with devotion, poureth libations on the (sacrificial) fire according to the ordinance. Devotion is a mighty agent. With regard to homas again, that variety which is called skanna is the initial one, while that which is called askanna is the last (but foremost in point of merit). Sacrifices are multifarious. Their rites and fruits again are multifarious. The Brahmana possessed of devotion who, endued with scriptural learning, who is acquainted with them all, is competent to perform sacrifices. That person who desires to perform a sacrifice is regarded as righteous even if he happens to be a thief, a sinner, or the worst of sinners. The Rishis applaud such a man. Without doubt they are right. This then is the conclusion that all the orders should always and by every means in their power perform sacrifices. There is nothing in the three worlds equal to sacrifice. Therefore, it has been said that every one with heart free from malice, should perform sacrifices, aided by devotion which is sacred, to the best of his power and according as he

हिन्दी अर्थ

मित्रोपभोगसमये कि मां त्वं नोपसर्पसि

English

Hereafter too, lord of men, he gains the highest happiness; joined with self-control, he attains great dharma.

हिन्दी अर्थ

उसको सहायता नहीं मिलती

English

The self-controlled sleeps happily and wakes happily; he moves happily through the worlds, and his mind is serene.

हिन्दी अर्थ

स मां मित्रत्वमापन्नमुपभोक्तुं त्वमहसि

English

The man not self-controlled meets constant affliction, and puts forth many other evils born of his own faults.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सर्वे त्वां पूजयिष्यन्ति शिष्या गुरुमिव प्रियम्

English

Among the four stages of life, self-control alone is called the highest vow; I shall tell its marks, of which self-control is the sum.

हिन्दी अर्थ

जीवितस्य प्रदातारं कृतज्ञ: को न पूजयेत्

English

Forbearance, steadiness, non-violence, equanimity, truth, honesty, mastery of the senses, skill, gentleness, modesty, freedom from restlessness,

हिन्दी अर्थ

ऐसा कौन पुरुष होगा, जो अपने जीवनदाताकी पूजा न करे?

English

freedom from meanness, from violent effort, contentment, pleasant speech, freedom from contentiousness and from envy: self-control is the sum of these.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अर्थानां चैव सर्वेषामनुशास्ता च मे भव

English

Honouring the teacher, Kauravya, compassion for beings, freedom from backbiting, avoiding gossip, lies, praise and blame,

हिन्दी अर्थ

त्वं मन्त्रबलयुक्तो हि दत्त्वा जीवितमद्य मे

English

desire, anger, greed, arrogance, stiffness, boasting, delusion, envy and contempt: the self-controlled does not indulge these.

हिन्दी अर्थ

उवाच परमन्त्रज्ञ: श्लक्षणमात्महितं वच:

English

Unblamed, free of desire, of small wants and without envy, such a man is like the ocean, never filled.

हिन्दी अर्थ

विचार स्फुरित हो रहा है उसे बतलाता हूँ, अतः मेरे इस कथनको भी सुन लो

English

"I am in you, you are in me, and I am in them": through earlier ties and connections, the self-controlled does not practise this.

हिन्दी अर्थ

एतत् सुसूक्ष्मं लोके5स्मिन् दृश्यते प्राज्ञ सम्मतम्

English

All the activities of village and forest in the world: he who relies on neither blame nor praise is freed.

हिन्दी अर्थ

संधितास्ते न बुद्धयन्ते कामक्रोधवशं गता:

English

One who is friendly, endowed with good character, with good companions, and freed from the various attachments gains a great fruit hereafter.

हिन्दी अर्थ

समझना असम्भव हो जाता है कि वे मित्रभावसे युक्त हैं या शत्रुभावसे?

English

One of good conduct, with good character, serene of soul, a knower of the self, the wise, gains honour here and reaches a good end.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सामर्थ्ययोगाज्जायन्ते मित्राणि रिपवस्तथा

English

The good deed done here and practised by the good: that same is the dharma of the sage joined with knowledge, and it does not fail.

हिन्दी अर्थ

स तस्य मित्र तावत् स्याद् यावन्न स्याद् विपर्यय:

English

Going forth and taking to the forest, joined with knowledge and master of the senses, awaiting the time, so roaming he becomes fit for Brahman.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अर्थयुक्त्यानुजायन्ते मित्राणि रिपवस्तथा

English

He from whom beings have no fear, and through whom beings have no fear, released from the body, has no fear from any quarter.

हिन्दी अर्थ

स्वार्थके सम्बन्धसे मित्र और शत्रु होते रहते हैं

English

He neither heaps up deeds nor gathers them; equal toward all beings, let him go the way of Maitrayana.

हिन्दी अर्थ

शन्रुश्न मित्रतामेति स्वार्थों हि बलवत्तर:

English

As the course of birds in the sky or of water creatures in water is not seen, so is his, without doubt.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अर्थयुक्तिमविज्ञाय य: प्रीती कुरुते मन:

English

The man who, leaving his house, king, turns to liberation alone, has radiant worlds appointed for him for everlasting years.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अर्थयुकत्या हि जायन्ते पिता माता सुतस्तथा

English

Having renounced all actions, renounced austerity according to rule, renounced the various kinds of knowledge, and indeed renounced everything,

हिन्दी अर्थ

पुत्र हि मातापितरौ त्यजत: पतितं प्रियम्

English

not returning to desires, serene of soul, a knower of the self, pure, he gains honour here and reaches heaven.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अस्मिन् निलय एव त्वं न्यग्रोधादवतारित:

English

And the seat of the Grandfather, born of the mass of Brahman, hidden in the cave always, is reached by self-control.

हिन्दी अर्थ

आत्मनश्वपलो नास्ति कुतोन्येषां भविष्यति

English

For the awakened one who delights in knowledge and is hostile to no being, there is no fear of return here; whence fear in the next world?

हिन्दी अर्थ

करेगा? अतः यह निश्चित है कि चपल पुरुष सब काम चौपट कर देता है

English

There is only one fault in self-control, and no second is found: that people regard one joined with forbearance as powerless.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ब्रवीषि मधुरं यच्च प्रियो मेडद्य भवानिति

English

But of this fault, greatly wise one, there is a very great merit: in forbearance are vast worlds, easy to gain for the patient.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कारणात् प्रियतामेति द्वेष्यो भवति कारणात्

English

What need has the self-controlled of the forest, and likewise the one not self-controlled, Bharata? Wherever the self-controlled man dwells, that is the forest, that is the hermitage.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सख्यं सोदर्ययोर्भ्रन्रोर्दम्पत्योर्वां परस्परम्

English

[Vaishampayana said:] Hearing this speech of Bhishma, King Yudhishthira became delighted, as if sated with nectar.

हिन्दी अर्थ

किसीके भी प्रेमको मैं निष्कारण (स्वार्थरहित) नहीं समझता

English

And he asked again Bhishma, best of those who uphold dharma, about austerity, and Bhishma told him everything, bull of the Kurus.

हिन्दी अर्थ

त्वं हि मे जातितः शत्रु: सामर्थ्यान्मित्रतां गत:

English

occasions, while the services of the latter are permanent and constant.

हिन्दी अर्थ

भक्ष्यार्थ हवबद्धस्त्वं स मुक्त: पीडित: क्षुधा

English

horses. In the case of this particular Sudra, that ordinance (without its mantras) was followed, and a hundred thousand Purnapatras were substituted for kine or horses of that number.

हिन्दी अर्थ

जानामि क्षुधितं तु त्वामाहारसमयश्च ते

English

sacrifices though he is not competent to utter mantras.

हिन्दी अर्थ

त्वं चापि पुत्रदारस्थों यत् संधिं सृजसे मयि

English

the Vedas and utter Vedic mantras, has Prajapati for his god whom he can worship with rites other than those laid down in the Vedas. The Brahmanas have Agni for their god, and the Kshatriyas, Indra. Upadravah means a servant or attendant, hence, a Sudra.

हिन्दी अर्थ

मेरी सेवा करनेका यत्न करते हो, वह सब मेरे योग्य नहीं है

English

"Whatever is hard to obtain, hard to learn, hard to approach, hard to endure, all that can be won by austerity, for austerity is hard to surpass.

हिन्दी अर्थ

हर्षसे उललसित हो मुझे कैसे नहीं खा जायँगे?

English

The drinker of liquor, the taker of what is not approved, the killer of a foetus, the violator of a teacher's bed: a man is freed from sin by austerity well performed alone.

हिन्दी अर्थ

नाहं त्वया समेष्यामि वृत्तो हेतु: समागमे

English

Austerity has many forms, proceeding by these and those doors; for one who lives in withdrawal, there is no austerity higher than fasting.

हिन्दी अर्थ

शत्रोरनार्य भूतस्य क्लिष्टस्य क्षुधितस्य च

English

Non-violence, truthful speech, giving, and restraint of the senses: from these, great king, there is no austerity higher than fasting.

हिन्दी अर्थ

बलवत्संनिकर्षो हि न कदाचित् प्रशस्थते

English

Nothing is harder than giving, no stage of life is beyond measure; there is nothing higher than the knowers of the three Vedas; renunciation is the supreme austerity."

हिन्दी अर्थ

सोहमेवं प्रणीतानि ज्ञात्वा शास्त्राणि तत्त्वतः

English

is applied to both beds and seats. The Hindu Upanaha had wooden soles.

हिन्दी अर्थ

त्वं हि सौम्य कृतार्थोड्द्य निर्वुत्तार्थास्तथा वयम्

English

unto his sonless master and support masters if old and weak. There can be little doubt that they are

हिन्दी अर्थ

अहमन्नं भवान् भोक्ता दुर्बलो5हं भवान् बली

English

that which is shown in supporting his own relations.' It cannot mean, as K.P. Sinha puts it, 'with the surplus left after supporting his own relations.'

हिन्दी अर्थ

स मन्येऊहं तव प्रज्ञां यन्मोक्षात् प्रत्यनन्तरम्

English

offered to the inferior deities called Viswadevas. A Purnapatra is literally a large dish or basket full of rice. It should consist of 256 handfuls. Beyond a Purnapatra, the Sudra should not give any other Dakshina in any sacrifice of his.

हिन्दी अर्थ

यदि त्वं सुकृतं वेत्सि तत् सख्यमनुसारय

English

sacrifices by all the three. The Kshatriya and the Vaisya cannot perform sacrifices by means of their bodies. They must employ Brahmanas in their sacrifices. These two orders, however, can utter mantras and perform mental sacrifices. The Sudra alone cannot employ his body or utter mantras in sacrifices. The holy sacrifice in his case is the mental sacrifice. A mental sacrifice is a resolve to give away in honour of the gods or unto the gods without the aid of the Vedic ritual. The resolve must be followed by

हिन्दी अर्थ

न तु मामन्यथा साधो त्वं ग्रहीतुमिहाहसि

English

[Yudhishthira said:] "What is the mark of truth, king, or how is it attained? What comes of attaining truth, and how is it declared?"

हिन्दी अर्थ

नविश्वसेदविश्वस्ते विश्वस्ते नातिविश्वसेत्

English

[Bhishma said:] "A mixing of the duties of the four classes is not praised; truth is the least changeable among all classes, Bharata.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तस्मात् सर्वास्ववस्थासु रक्षेज्जीवितमात्मन:

English

Truth is always the dharma among the good; truth is eternal dharma; one should bow to truth alone, for truth is the supreme goal.

हिन्दी अर्थ

पुरुषको धन और संतान--सभी मिल जाते हैं

English

Truth is dharma and the practice of austerity; truth is eternal Brahman; truth is said to be the supreme sacrifice; everything is founded on truth.

हिन्दी अर्थ

संक्षेपो नीतिशास्त्राणामविश्वास: परो मत:

English

I shall tell you, in due order, the practices and the marks of truth here, in proper sequence.

हिन्दी अर्थ

वध्यन्ते न हाविश्वस्ता: शत्रुभिर्दु्बला अपि

English

You should hear how truth is attained; truth is thirteenfold in all the worlds, Bharata.

हिन्दी अर्थ

वह डाली छोड़कर बड़े वेगसे तुरंत दूसरी ओर चला गया

English

Truth, equanimity, self-control, without doubt, freedom from envy, forbearance, modesty, endurance, freedom from malice,

हिन्दी अर्थ

अरिणापि समर्थन संधि कुर्वीत पण्डित:

English

renunciation, meditation, nobility, firmness ever steady, and non-violence, king of kings: these are the thirteen forms of truth.

हिन्दी अर्थ

मैनें तुम्हारा कोई उपकार किया है तो तुम मेरे प्रति सदा मैत्रीभाव बनाये रखना

English

created first, all the rest have sprung.

हिन्दी अर्थ

यदि स्वार्थ न ते कार्य ब्रूहि किं करवाणि ते

English

Equanimity toward oneself, toward the unwished, and toward the enemy; having reached the destruction of wish and aversion, and of desire and anger;

हिन्दी अर्थ

आत्मार्थे संततिस्त्याज्या राज्यं रत्नं धनानि च

English

self-control, no craving for others' things, steadiness and depth, fearlessness, calming of anger: this is gained by knowledge.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ऐश्वर्यधनरत्नानां प्रत्यमित्रे निवर्तताम्

English

The wise call giving, and restraint in dharma, freedom from envy; one should be free of envy by being ever established in truth.

हिन्दी अर्थ

न त्वात्मन: सम्प्रदानं धनरत्नवदिष्यते

English

Of impatience and forbearance, pleasant and unpleasant things here, the good man bears all sides, and the truthful gains the good.

हिन्दी अर्थ

आत्मरक्षणतन्त्राणां सुपरीक्षितकारिणाम्

English

The modest man does good deeply and never boasts; he is ever calm of mind; modesty is gained from dharma.

हिन्दी अर्थ

शत्रून् सम्यग् विजानन्ति दुर्बला ये बलीयस:

English

Endurance bears for the sake of dharma and wealth; this is called patience, but for the support of the world it is gained by steadiness.

हिन्दी अर्थ

इत्यभिव्यक्तमेवं स पलितेनाभिभर्त्सित:

English

Renunciation is the giving up of affection and likewise of objects; it comes to one free of attachment and aversion, not otherwise.

हिन्दी अर्थ

माजरि व्रीडितो भूत्वा मूषिकं वाक्यमब्रवीत्

English

Nobility is the doing, with effort, of good deeds toward beings, without form, and indeed freedom from attachment.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तन्मन्ये5हं तव प्रज्ञां यस्त्वं मम हिते रत:

English

Firmness is not undergoing change in pleasure or pain; the wise man who wishes his own prosperity should always cultivate it.

हिन्दी अर्थ

धर्मज्ञोडस्मि गुणज्ञोडस्मि कृतज्ञोडस्मि विशेषत:

English

One should be forbearing in every way, and devoted to truth; freed from joy, fear and anger, the wise man attains firmness.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तस्मादेवं पुनः साधो मय्याचरितुमरहसि

English

Non-injury to all beings in deed, mind and speech, favour and giving: this is the eternal dharma of the good.

हिन्दी अर्थ

हूँ। विद्वानोंने मुझ-जैसे मनस्वी पुरुषोंपर सदा विश्वास ही किया और देखा है

English

These thirteen forms, each marked by truth alone, resort to truth here and strengthen it, Bharata.

हिन्दी अर्थ

इति संस्तूयमानो5पि माजरिण स मूषिक:

English

The end of the virtues of truth cannot be told, Bharata; therefore brahmanas, with the ancestors and gods, praise truth.

हिन्दी अर्थ

साधुर्भवान् श्रुतार्थो5स्मि प्रीये च न च विश्वसे

English

There is no dharma higher than truth, no sin higher than falsehood; truth is the foundation of dharma; therefore one should not neglect truth.

हिन्दी अर्थ

नह्ामित्रे वशं यान्ति प्राज्ञा निष्कारणं सखे

English

From truth come giving, and sacrifices with gifts, vows, the fire-offering, the Vedas, and the other determinations of dharma.

हिन्दी अर्थ

शत्रुसाधारणे कृत्ये कृत्वा संधि बलीयसा

English

A thousand horse sacrifices and truth were weighed in the scales; and truth alone outweighed a thousand horse sacrifices."

हिन्दी अर्थ

तस्मादभीतवद् भीतो विश्वस्तवदविश्वसन्

English

"Bhishma said, 'O mighty-armed one, listen now to me, O thou of prowess incapable of being baffled, as I mention the names of the four modes of life and the duties in respect of each. The four modes are Vanaprastha, Bhaikshya, Garhasthya of great merit, and Brahmacharya which is adopted by Brahmanas. Undergoing the purificatory rite in respect of bearing matted locks, after having gone through the rite of regeneration and performed for some time the rites in respect of the sacred fire and studied the Vedas, one should, with cleansed soul and senses under restraint, having first carefully performed all the duties of the mode called Garhasthya, proceed, with or without his wife, to the woods for adoption of the mode called Vanaprastha. Having studied the scriptures called Aranyakas, having drawn up his vital fluid and having retired from all worldly affairs, the virtuous recluse may then attain to an absorption with the eternal Soul knowing no decay. These are the indications of Munis that have drawn up their vital fluid. A learned Brahmana, O king, should first practise and perform them. The Brahmana, O king, that is desirous of emancipation, it is well known, is competent to adopt the Bhaikshya mode after having gone through the mode called Brahmacharya. Sleeping at that place (in the

हिन्दी अर्थ

ब्राह्मणैश्वापि ते सार्थ यात्रा भवतु पाण्डव

English

[Yudhishthira said:] "Greed, envy, jealousy, contempt, malice and pity: tell me all this, greatly wise one, as it truly is."

हिन्दी अर्थ

कुलस्य संततिं चैव यथान्यायं यथाक्रमम्

English

[Bhishma said:] "These thirteen very powerful enemies of living beings are remembered; together, great king, they attend upon men here.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अष्टात्रिंशयेधिकशततमोध्याय:

English

Vigilant, they drive the heedless man, like wolves, and seeing a man other than themselves, they plunder him.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कथं हि नाश्वसन् राजा शत्रून् जयति पार्थिव:

English

From these sorrow proceeds, from these sin proceeds; a mortal should always know this, bull of the Bharatas.

हिन्दी अर्थ

भूपाल अपने शत्रुओंपर विजय कैसे पा सकता है?

English

Their rise, their seat and their decay, best of men: well, I shall relate them; hear it as I tell it.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अविश्वासकथामेतामुपश्रुत्य पितामह

English

From greed anger arises, and is stirred by the faults of others; it stays through forbearance, king, and the fortunate turn from it.

हिन्दी अर्थ

आप मेरे इस संशयका निवारण कीजिये

English

From conception desire is born, and grows by being indulged; it ceases by seeing the fault, and by the knowledge of truth in the wise.

हिन्दी अर्थ

पूजन्या सह संवादं ब्रह्मुदत्तस्य भूपते:

English

The dull-minded see the shastras as contradictory; from that, contentiousness arises, and it ceases through knowledge of truth.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कालेन रिपुणा संधि: काले मित्रेण विग्रह:

English

wanderings) where evening overtakes him, without desire of bettering his situation, without a home, subsisting on whatever food is obtained (in charity), given to contemplation, practising self-restraint, with the senses under control, without desire, regarding all creatures equally, without enjoyments, without dislike to anything, the Brahmana possessed of learning, by adopting this mode of life, attains to absorption with the eternal Soul that knows no decay. The person leading the Garhasthya mode of life should, after studying the Vedas, accomplish all the religious acts laid down for him. He should beget children and enjoy pleasures and comforts. With careful attention he should accomplish all the duties of this mode of life that is applauded by ascetics and that is extremely difficult to go through (without transgressions). He should be satisfied with his own wedded wife and should never approach her except her season. He should observe the ordinances of the scriptures, should not be cunning and deceitful. He should be abstemious in diet, devoted to the gods, grateful, mild, destitute of cruelty, and forgiving. He should be of a tranquil heart, tractable and attentive in making offerings to the gods and the Pitris. He should always be hospitable to the Brahmanas. He should be without pride, and his charity should not be confined to any one sect. He should also be always devoted to the performance of the Vedic rites. In this connection, the illustrious and great Rishis cite a verse sung by Narayana himself, of grave import and endued with high ascetic merit. Listen to me as I repeat it— 'By truth, simplicity, worship of guests, acquisition of morality and profit, and enjoyment of one's own wedded wives, one should enjoy diverse kinds of happiness both here and hereafter.' The great Rishis have said that support of sons and wives, and study of the Vedas, form the duties of those that lead this high mode of life. That Brahmana who, always engaged in the performance of sacrifices, duly goes through this mode of life and properly

हिन्दी अर्थ

एतज्ज्ञात्वा महाराज शास्त्रार्थभभिगम्य च

English

Murderousness arises from anger, greed and habit; and by compassion for all beings, through disgust, it ceases.

हिन्दी अर्थ

बचानेवाली बुद्धि उत्पन्न होती है

English

From the abandonment of goodness comes malice, and a man does what is harmful; this wanes, dear, by serving the good.

हिन्दी अर्थ

न भयं विद्यते राजन् भीतस्यानागते भये

English

Pride arises in embodied beings from family, knowledge and power; when these are understood, pride perishes at once.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अभीशक्षरति यो नित्यं॑ मन्त्रोडदेय: कथंचन

English

Envy arises from desire and from rivalry, Bharata; in other mortals it perishes by wisdom.

हिन्दी अर्थ

एवमेतन्मया प्रोक्तमितिहासं युधिछिर

English

Contempt arises, king, from delusion and from disagreeable, incoherent words of those outside the world; it is stilled by indifference.

हिन्दी अर्थ

उपलभ्य मतिं चाग्ग्रामरिमित्रान्तरं तथा

English

Jealousy arises, intense, toward the powerful wrongdoer whom one cannot repay; it ceases through pity.

हिन्दी अर्थ

शत्रुसाधारणे कृत्ये कृत्वा संधि बलीयसा

English

Pity arises from constantly seeing the wretched; when one knows the firm basis of dharma, that pity is stilled.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अविदरुद्धां त्रिवर्गुण नीतिमेतां महीपते

English

These are said to be conquered, and the thirteenth by tranquillity. For these thirteen are all the faults of the sons of Dhritarashtra; you have ever conquered them wholly, and you will conquer them."

हिन्दी अर्थ

पूजनी नाम शकुनिर्दीर्घकालं सहोषिता

English

discharges all its duties, obtains blessed rewards in heaven. Upon his death, the rewards desired by him became deathless. Indeed, these wait upon him for eternity like menials ever on the alert to execute the commands of their master, l Always attending to the Vedas, silently reciting the mantras obtained from his preceptor, worshipping all the deities, O Yudhishthira, dutifully waiting upon and serving his preceptor with his own body smeared with clay and filth, the person leading the Brahmacharya mode of life should always observe rigid vows and, with senses under control, should always pay attention to the instructions he has received. Reflecting on the Vedas and discharging all the duties (in respect of contemplation and overt acts), he should live, dutifully waiting upon his preceptor and always bowing unto him. Unengaged in the six kinds of work (such as officiating in the sacrifices of others), and never engaged with attachment to any kind of acts, never showing favour or disfavour to any one, doing good even unto his enemies, these, O sire, are the duties laid down for a BrahmacharinY

हिन्दी अर्थ

फलमेकं सुतायादादू राजपुत्राय चापरम्

English

[Yudhishthira said:] "As men avoid thorns, a well and fire, so men avoid a man of cruel deeds.

हिन्दी अर्थ

आदायादाय सैवाशु तयो: प्रादात् पुनः पुन:

English

The cruel man is ever lowest, here and hereafter, Bharata; therefore tell me, Kauravya, the determination of dharma about him."

हिन्दी अर्थ

ततः स धात्र्या कक्षेण उह्मुमानो नृपात्मज:

English

[Bhishma said:] "He who is envious, secretive, known by his deeds, who reviles and is reviled, who binds and is bound,

हिन्दी अर्थ

ततो बाल्याच्च यत्नेन तेनाक्रीडत पक्षिणा

English

who proclaims his gifts, uneven, petty, deceitful, crafty, not sharing, proud, clinging and boastful,

हिन्दी अर्थ

हत्वा ततः स राजेन्द्र धात्रया हस्तमुपागत:

English

suspicious of everyone, harsh, foolish, mean, who always praises his own group and creates discord among the stages of life,

हिन्दी अर्थ

अपश्यन्निह्तं पुत्रं तेन बालेन भूतले

English

who always delights in harm, makes no distinction between virtue and fault, a great liar, self-regarding, greedy, excessively cruel,

हिन्दी अर्थ

पूजनी दुःखसंतप्ता रुदती वाक्यमब्रवीत्

English

who thinks the virtuous one, of good character, to be bad, and by inference from his own character trusts no one,

हिन्दी अर्थ

वह दुःखसे संतप्त हो रोती हुई इस प्रकार कहने लगी--

English

who reveals what is secret wherever there is fault in others, and, where faults are equal, harms for the sake of livelihood,

हिन्दी अर्थ

सर्वज्ञा सर्वतत्त्वज्ञा तिर्यग्योनिं गतापि सा

English

and thinks even the benefactor to be cheated, and though he gives wealth in time grieves for the benefactor,

हिन्दी अर्थ

समकाल च राज्ञोडपि देव्यां पुत्रो व्यजायत

English

who eats food, drink, lickables and other good fare while others look on: they know him as cruel.

हिन्दी अर्थ

समुद्रतीरं सा गत्वा आजहार फलद्धयम्

English

He who, having given the first portion to brahmanas, eats with his friends gains heaven hereafter, and here gains the endless.

हिन्दी अर्थ

उन दोनों बच्चोंके लिये दो फल ले आया करती थी

English

This cruel man has been described to you, best of the Bharatas; he is always to be avoided by one who wishes to prosper."