Shanti Parva

हिन्दी अर्थ

सुपर्यवसितार्थश्न निर्दधन्द्ो नष्टसंशय: शाश्वतं सुखमत्यन्तमन्विच्छन्तं सुदुर्लभम्

English

him. As regards the second line, the meaning depends upon bharati, which as the commentator explains means, "obtains affluence or prosperity." For Patukah some texts read Pavakah. The meaning then would be "becomes as a fire," i.e., destroys his own roots, or, probably, becomes destructive to others."

हिन्दी अर्थ

उपेत्य शतमाचार्यान् मोहयामास हेतुभि:

English

[Vyasa said:] "That which is the self-knowledge of man here, dear, I shall tell you; hear this explanation of it.

हिन्दी अर्थ

उनकी यह मान्यता बहुत ही असंगत है किमधिष्ठाय तद् ब्रूयाल्लोकयात्राविनिश्चयम्

English

Earth, water, light, wind and space are the great elements of beings, like the waves of the sea.

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्रत्यक्षेणागमो भिन्न: कृतान्तो वा न किउड्चन

English

As a tortoise draws back its limbs after extending them, so the great elements are modified in the lesser.

हिन्दी अर्थ

स्वीकार की जा सकती नान्यो जीव: शरीरस्य नास्तिकानां मते स्थित:

English

Thus all this, moving and unmoving, is made of that; and so it is taught at creation and at dissolution.

हिन्दी अर्थ

जाति: स्मृतिरयस्कान्त: सूर्यकान्तोम्बुभक्षणम्

English

The maker of beings made the five great elements in all beings, dear, and in them he sees difference."

हिन्दी अर्थ

दृष्टन्तोंसे भी देहातिरिक्त चैतन्यकी सिद्धि नहीं होती- मृते कर्मनिवृत्तिश्न प्रमाणमिति निश्चय:

English

[Shuka said:] "What he made in bodies, how may it be known? And the senses and the qualities, how may they be known?"

हिन्दी अर्थ

करते हैं कि देहातिरिक्त चेतन आत्माकी सत्ता अवश्य है

English

[Vyasa said:] "I shall tell you this view here as it is; hear the truth here one-pointed, how it is.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अथवा मूर्त भूतोंके संयोगसे अमूर्त चेतन आत्माकी उत्पत्ति नहीं हो सकती कारणं लोभमोहौ तु दोषाणां तु निषेवणम्

English

Sound, hearing and the cavities: these three are born of space; breath, movement and touch: these are the three qualities of wind.

हिन्दी अर्थ

हृदयमें अपने उपदेशद्वारा अत्यन्त दुर्लभ सनातन सुखकी प्रतिष्ठा करना चाहते थे

English

Form, the eye and digestion are ordained as the threefold fire; taste, tongue and moisture are these three qualities of water.

हिन्दी अर्थ

स मन्ये तेन रूपेण विस्मापयति हि स्वयम् पंचशिखके रूपमें आकर लोगोंको आश्रर्यमें डाल रहे हैं

English

The smellable, the nose and the body are the three qualities of earth. So much has been explained of the group of senses made of the five elements.

हिन्दी अर्थ

पञ्चस्रोतसि य: सत्रमास्ते वर्षमहस्नरिकम्

English

Touch belongs to wind, taste to water, form is said to belong to light; sound arises from space, and smell is held to be the quality of earth.

हिन्दी अर्थ

वर्षोतक मानस यज्ञका अनुष्ठान किया था पञ्चस्रोतसि निष्णात: पज्चरात्रविशारद:

English

Mind, intellect and feeling: these three are born of the self; they do not pass beyond the qualities and are held to be beyond the qualities.

हिन्दी अर्थ

पुरुषावस्थमव्यक्तं परमार्थ न्यवेदयत्

English

In a man there are five senses, and the mind is said to rest in them; they call intellect the seventh and the knower of the field again the eighth.

हिन्दी अर्थ

क्षेत्रक्षेत्रज्ञयोव्र्यक्ति बुबुधे देवदर्शन: उन्होंने क्षेत्र और क्षेत्रज्मक भेदको स्पष्टरूपसे समझ लिया था

English

The eye is for seeing; the mind makes doubt; intellect is for determination; the knower of the field is called the witness.

हिन्दी अर्थ

आसुरिर्मण्डले तस्मिन् प्रतिपेदे तदव्ययम्

English

Rajas, tamas and sattva: these three, born of their own womb, are equal in all beings; one should know them in their qualities.

हिन्दी अर्थ

आसुरिने उस मुनिमण्डलीमें प्रतिपादित किया ब्राह्मणी कपिला नाम काचिदासीत् कुटुम्बिनी

English

As a tortoise extends its limbs here and withdraws them, so intellect, having created the host of senses, restrains it.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ततः स कापिलेयत्वं लेभे बुद्धिं च नैषछ्लेकीम्

English

That which sees upward from the soles of the feet and downward from the head: in this very work the supreme intellect acts.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तस्य तत् कापिलेयत्वं सर्ववित्त्वमनुत्तमम् और सर्वज्ञ होनेका यही परम उत्तम वृत्तान्त है

English

Intellect leads the qualities; intellect also leads the senses, all with the mind as resting-place; without intellect, where are the qualities?

हिन्दी अर्थ

वचनोंद्वारा उन सब आचार्योंको मोहित कर दिया उत्सृज्य शतमाचार्यान् पृष्ठतोडनुजगाम तम्

English

There, whatever is joined with joy one finds in the self, as if calm and perfectly pure, take as sattva.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अब्रवीत् परमं मोक्ष यत् तत् सांख्येडभिधीयते

English

What is joined with torment in body or mind should be rajas, the mover, always carrying off embodied beings.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कर्मनिर्वेदमुक्त्वा च सर्वनिर्वेदमब्रवीत् 'सर्वनिर्वेद' की बात बतायी

English

And what is joined with delusion, whose object is unmanifest, beyond reasoning and unknowable, take that as tamas.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तमनाश्वासिकं मोहं विनाशि चलमश्चुवम्

English

Joy, delight, bliss, equanimity, steadiness of mind, whether from cause or none: the sattvic quality.

हिन्दी अर्थ

आगमात् परमस्तीति ब्रुवन्नपि पराजित: लोकानुभवके विरुद्ध है

English

Conceit, falsehood, greed, delusion and impatience are the marks of rajas, which occur with and without cause.

हिन्दी अर्थ

आत्मानं मन्यते मोहात् तदसम्यक् परं मतम्

English

Likewise delusion, heedlessness, drowsiness, sleep and wakefulness, occurring somehow, are to be known as tamasic qualities."

हिन्दी अर्थ

तृष्णा संजननं स्नेह एष तेषां पुनर्भव:

English

" Yudhishthira said, 'How should a righteous king, who is desirous of adhering to a course of righteousness, behave? I ask thee this, O foremost of men! Answer me, O Grandsire!'

हिन्दी अर्थ

पुनरेवानुपप्रच्छ साम्पराये भवाभवौ जनककने पुनः उनसे मृत्युके पश्चात् आत्माकी सत्ता या विनाशके विषयमें प्रश्न किया

English

[Vyasa said:] "Beyond the senses are the objects; beyond the objects, the mind; beyond the mind, intellect; beyond intellect, the self is held supreme.

हिन्दी अर्थ

उन्हें मधुर वचनोंद्वारा शान्त करते हुए-से बोले-- ते स्वभावेन तिष्ठन्ति वियुज्यन्ते स्वभावत:

English

Intellect is the self of man; intellect is the self of his self; when it changes state, it becomes mind.

हिन्दी अर्थ

धातु हैं। ये स्वभावसे ही एकत्र होते और विलग हो जाते हैं

English

By the separateness of the senses, intellect changes: hearing, it becomes the ear; touching, it is called touch.

हिन्दी अर्थ

एष पजञ्चसमाहार: शरीरमपि नैकधा प्रकारके शरीरोंका निर्माण हुआ है

English

Seeing, it becomes sight; tasting, the tongue; smelling, the nose; intellect changes separately.

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्राण, अपान, विकार और धातु प्रकट हुए हैं

English

They are called senses; the unseen one rules in them; intellect, abiding in the Person, acts in three states.

हिन्दी अर्थ

इन्द्रियाणीति पज्चैते चित्तपूर्व गता गुणा: सुखदु:खेति यामाहुरदुःखामसुखेति च

English

Sometimes it finds delight, sometimes it grieves; it is never joined here with pleasure or pain.

हिन्दी अर्थ

एते ह्यामरणात् पञ्च षड्गुणा ज्ञानसिद्धये

English

This, of the nature of states, does not pass beyond these three states, like the lord of rivers, the ocean, with its waves, its great shore.

हिन्दी अर्थ

विषयोंका ज्ञान होता है) तमाहु: परम॑ शुक्र बुद्धिरित्यव्ययं महत्

English

When it desires something, it becomes mind. One should recall these supports separately by intellect; the senses alone are to be conquered wholly, and are pure.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अन्योअस्माज्जायते देहस्तमाहु: सत्त्वसंक्षयम् कथमस्मिन् स इत्येवं सर्व वा स्यादसंहितम्

English

"Bhishma said, 'In this connection is cited the old story of what Vamadeva gifted with great intelligence and acquainted with the true import of everything sang in ancient time. Once upon a time, king Vasumanas, possessed of knowledge and fortitude and purity of behaviour, asked the great Rishi Vamadeva of high ascetic merit, saying, 'Instruct me, O holy one, in words fraught with righteousness and of grave impart, as to the conduct to be observed by me so that I may not fall away from the duties prescribed for me.' Unto him of a golden complexion and seated at his ease like Yayati, son of Nahusha, that foremost of ascetics, viz., Vamadeva, of great energy, said as follows:

हिन्दी अर्थ

जाता, अतः पुण्य या पाप एक करता है और उसका फल दूसरा भोगता है)

English

"Vamadeva said, 'Do thou act righteously. There is nothing superior to righteousness. Those kings that are observant of righteousness, succeed in conquering the whole earth. That king who regards righteousness to be the most efficacious means for accomplishing his objects, and who acts according to the counsels of those that are righteous, blazes forth with righteousness. That king who disregards righteousness and desires to act with brute force, soon falls away from righteousness and loses both Righteousness and Profit. That king who acts according to the counsels of a vicious and sinful minister becomes a destroyer of righteousness and deserves to be slain by his subjects with all his family. Indeed, he very soon meets with destruction. That king who is incompetent to discharge the duties of state-craft, who is governed by caprice in all his acts, and who indulges in brag, soon meets with destruction even if he happens to be ruler of the whole earth. That king, on the other hand, who is desirous of prosperity, who is free from malice, who has his senses under control, and who is gifted with intelligence, thrives in affluence like the ocean swelling with the waters discharged into it by a hundred streams. He should never consider himself to have a sufficiency of virtue, enjoyments, wealth, intelligence, and friends. Upon these depends the conduct of the world. By listening to these counsels, a king obtains fame', achievements, prosperity, and subjects. Devoted to virtue, that king who seeks the acquisition of virtue and wealth by such means, and who begins all his measures after reflecting upon their objects, succeeds in obtaining great prosperity. That king who is illiberal, and without affection, who afflicts his subjects by undue chastisements, and who is rash in his acts, soon meets with destruction. That king who is not gifted with intelligence fails to see his own faults. Covered with infamy here, he sinks into hell hereafter. If the king gives proper honour to them that deserve it, makes gifts, and recognises the value of sweet speeches by himself uttering them on all occasions, his subjects then dispel the calamities that overtake him, as if these had fallen upon themselves. That king who has no instructor in the ways of righteousness and who never asks others for counsels, and who seeks to acquire wealth by means that caprice suggests, never succeeds in enjoying

हिन्दी अर्थ

पृथग्ज्ञानं यदन्यच्च येनैतन्नोपपद्यते सकती है (अत: यह मत ठीक नहीं है)

English

A man should make a lamp-purpose by the senses, best of understanding, going forth as appropriate, indifferent, at will.

हिन्दी अर्थ

दुर्बलं दुर्बलं पूर्व गृहस्पेव विनश्यति

English

"Thus this is by nature," so the learned is not bewildered, not grieving, not exulting, ever free of envy.

हिन्दी अर्थ

आनुपूर्व्या विनश्यन्ति स्वं धातुमुपयान्ति च तदर्थ वेदशब्दाशक्ष व्यवहाराक्ष लौकिका:

English

For the self cannot be seen by senses that range at will, driven wrongly and hard to hold by the unself-controlled.

हिन्दी अर्थ

क्वचितन्निविशते बुद्धिस्तत्र जीर्यति वृक्षवत्

English

When he rightly restrains their rays by the mind, then the self shines, like a lamp burning in a pot, as when darkness has gone for all beings.

हिन्दी अर्थ

जगह प्रवेश करती है और वहीं वृक्षकी भाँति जड़ जमाये जीर्ण हो जाती है आगमैरपकृष्यन्ते हस्तिपैहस्तिनो यथा

English

As a water-bird moving in water is not stained by it, so the one of trained wisdom, moving among objects, is not stained by faults; unattached to all, he is in no way stained.

हिन्दी अर्थ

वे भोगोंको छोड़कर मृत्युके ग्रास बन जाते हैं

English

Giving up deeds done before, ever delighting in the self, the self of all beings, unattached to the paths of the qualities,

हिन्दी अर्थ

क्षणेन गत्वा न निवर्तते च विनाशिनोअप्यस्य न शर्म विद्यते

English

the self sometimes brings forth sattva or the qualities; the qualities do not know the self, but he always knows the qualities.

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्रश्न करनेका विचार किया

English

He is the watcher of the qualities and truly their creator; know this difference between sattva and the knower of the field, both subtle.

हिन्दी अर्थ

जाती तो उस स्थितिमें अज्ञान अथवा ज्ञान क्‍या करेगा?

English

One creates the qualities and the other does not; by nature they are distinct, and always joined.

हिन्दी अर्थ

फिर वह पहलेसे सावधान हो या असावधान, क्या विशेष लाभ उठा सकेगा? कस्मै क्रियेत कल्प्येत निश्चय: कोत्र तत्त्वतः

English

As fish and water, though distinct, are joined, so are those two; and as gnat and fig-tree are joined together,

हिन्दी अर्थ

पुन: प्रशमयन् वाक्यै: कवि: पठचशिखोडब्रवीत्

English

or as the reed in the munja grass is both apart and together, so these two are together, established in each other."

हिन्दी अर्थ

असम्यग्दर्शनैर्द:खमनन्तं नोपशाम्यति

English

happiness long. That king, on the other hand, who listens to the instructions of his preceptors in matters connected with virtue, who supervises the affairs of his kingdom himself, and who in all his acquisitions is guided by considerations of virtue, succeed in enjoying happiness for a long time.'" I

हिन्दी अर्थ

बलषष्ठानि वक्ष्यामि पञ्चकर्मेन्द्रियाणि तु

English

[Vyasa said:] "All that creates these qualities is joined with its own nature, as a spider creates its thread; the qualities are like threads.

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्रजनानन्दयो: शेफो निसर्ग पायुरिन्द्रियम् तथा स्पर्शे तथा रूपे तथैव रसगन्धयो:

English

Those destroyed do not return; activity is not found; some decide thus, others that there is withdrawal.

हिन्दी अर्थ

एवं मनका संयोग अपेक्षित है

English

Having weighed both, one should decide according to judgment; by this rule one becomes a great one lying in the womb.

हिन्दी अर्थ

येनायं त्रिविधो भाव: पर्यायात् समुपस्थित: त्रिविधा वेदना येषु प्रसूता: सर्वसाधना:

English

Having reached the beginningless, endless, eternal, a man should move about, not angry, not exultant, ever free of envy.

हिन्दी अर्थ

लिज्जानि रजसस्तानि दृश्यन्ते हेत्वहेतुत:

English

Thus, having crossed the firm knot of the heart made of thoughts of intellect, one should sit happy, not grieving, his doubts cut.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कथंचिदपि वर्तन्ते विविधास्तामसा गुणा: प्रवृत्त रज इत्येवं ततस्तदपि चिन्तयेत्

English

As men fallen from the ground would suffer in a full river, plunging in, so know this world of the unlearned.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अभिवृद्धि समझनी चाहिए

English

But the learned one does not suffer; the knower of truth walks on dry ground; so he who finds the self finds the sole knowledge of the self.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तमोगुणजनित जानना चाहिए नोभयं शब्दविज्ञाने विज्ञानस्येतरस्य वा

English

Knowing thus, a man, considering slowly and rightly the coming and going of all beings, gains the highest peace.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कारण अनन्त दु:खोंकी प्राप्ति होती है और उनकी परम्परा कभी शान्त नहीं होती वर्तते किमधिष्ठानात् प्रसक्ता दुः:खसंसृति:

English

speaker, in this verse, desires to illustrate the force of righteous conduct. Transcribers' note: There was no corresponding footnote reference in the text, so I have assigned this footnote to an arbitrary location on the page— JBH.

हिन्दी अर्थ

शृणु यत् तव मोक्षाय भाष्यमाणं भविष्यति

English

Knowing this, one becomes awakened; what other mark of the awakened is there? Knowing this, the wise are freed, their work done.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सुनो। उसका उपदेश तुम्हारे लिये मोक्षदायक होगा नित्यं मिथ्याविनीतानां क्लेशो दुः:खवहो मतः

English

For the learned there is no great fear of what is a very great fear for the unlearned; there is no higher goal for anyone than the eternal one of the learned.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सुखत्यागे तपो योगं सर्वत्यागे समापना

English

People envy the world of the afflicted and grieve looking at this and that; there see the skilled who do not grieve, who know both, done and undone.

हिन्दी अर्थ

विप्रहाणाय दुःखस्य दुर्गतिस्त्वन्यथा भवेत् है, इसके विपरीत आचरण करनेवालोंको दुर्गति भोगनी पड़ती है

English

What one does without prior intent, and what he did before, that he drives away; neither is dear or undear to him as he acts here."

हिन्दी अर्थ

स्पर्शे रूपे रसे गन्धे तानि चेतो मनश्न॒ तत्

English

"Vamadeva continued, 'When the king, who is powerful, acts unrighteously towards the weak, they who take their birth in his race imitate the same conduct. Others, again, imitate that wretch who sets sin agoing. Such imitation of the man ungoverned by restraints soon brings destruction upon the kingdom. The conduct of a king who is observant of his proper duties, is accepted by men in general as a model for imitation. The conduct, however, of a king who falls away from his duties, is not tolerated by his very kinsfolk. That rash king who, disregarding the injunctions laid down in the scriptures, acts with highhandedness in his kingdom, very soon meets with destruction. That Kshatriya who does not follow the conduct observed from days of old by other Kshatriyas. conquered or unconquered, is said to fall away from Kshatriya duties. Having seized in battle a royal foe that did some good to the conqueror on a former occasion, that king who does not, actuated by malice, pay him honours, is said to fall away from Kshatriya duties. The king should display his power, live cheerfully, and do what is necessary in seasons of danger. Such a ruler becomes the beloved of all creatures and never falls away from prosperity. If thou doest disservice to any person, thou shouldst, when the turn comes, do him service. One who is not loved becomes an object of love, if he does what is agreeable. Untruthful speeches should be avoided. Thou shouldst do good to others without being solicited. Thou shouldst never abandon righteousness from lust or wrath or malice. Do not give harsh answers when questioned by anybody. Do not utter undignified speeches. Never be in a hurry to do anything. Never indulge in malice. By such means is a foe won over. Do not give way to exclusive joy when anything agreeable occurs, nor suffer thyself to be overwhelmed with sorrow when anything disagreeable occurs. Never indulge in grief when thy pecuniary resources are exhausted, and always remember the duty of doing good to thy subjects. That king who always does what is agreeable by virtue of his disposition achieves success in all his measures and is never shorn of prosperity. The king should always, with heedfulness, cherish that devoted servant who abstains from doing what is injurious to his master and who always does what is for his good. He should appoint in all great affairs persons that have subjugated their senses,

हिन्दी अर्थ

मुक्तस्तदाग्र्यां गतिमेत्यलिज्र: शरीरके अभिमानका त्याग करके सर्वश्रेष्ठ गति प्राप्त कर लेता है

English

[Vyasa said:] "I shall tell you the ancient dharma praised by the sages, excellent above all dharmas; hear it here one-pointed.

हिन्दी अर्थ

क्रिया तपश्च सत्यं च दमे सर्व प्रतिष्ठितम्

English

Having carefully restrained by intellect the senses, which are destructive, springing out on every side, as a father his young sons,

हिन्दी अर्थ

सुखं लोके विपर्येति मनश्लास्य प्रसीदति अमित्रांश्व बहुन् नित्यं पृथगात्मनि पश्यति

English

the one-pointedness of the mind and senses is the highest austerity; that is better than all dharmas; that dharma is called supreme.

हिन्दी अर्थ

शत्रुओंकी अपनेसे पृथक् अनुभव करता है

English

Having joined them all, resting in the mind, by understanding, he should sit as if satisfied in the self, thinking nothing of what is much to be thought.

हिन्दी अर्थ

यच्च तेषु फल धर्मे भूयो दान्ते तदुच्यते अकार्पण्यमसंरम्भ: संतोष: श्रद्दधानता

English

When they are turned back from the fields of sense and stay in their house, then you will see the Supreme, the eternal, by the self in the self.

हिन्दी अर्थ

गुरुपूजानसूया च दया भूतेष्वपैशुनम्

English

The great-souled brahmanas who are wise see him, the self of all, the great soul, like smokeless fire.

हिन्दी अर्थ

साधुकामश्न स्पृहयेन्नायतिं प्रत्ययेषु च दुर्गम॑ सर्वभूतानां प्रापपन् मोदते सुखी

English

As a great tree with many branches, endowed with flowers and fruit, does not know of itself, "where is my flower, where my fruit?"

हिन्दी अर्थ

महाह्द इवाक्षो भ्य: प्रज्ञातृप्त: प्रसीदति

English

so the self does not know, "where shall I go, whence am I?"; there is another within who sees all, the inner self.

हिन्दी अर्थ

चित्तमेकादशं विद्धि बुद्धिद्धादिशमी भवेत् ग्यारहवाँ मन और बारहवीं बुद्धि--इनको इन्द्रियोंका सहायक समझना चाहिए

English

that are devotedly loyal and of pure behaviour, and that are possessed of ability. That person, who by the possession of such qualifications pleases the king and who is never heedless in taking care of the interests of his master should be appointed by the king in the affairs of his kingdom. On the other hand, the king becomes divested of prosperity by appointing to important offices men that are fools and slaves of their senses, that are covetous and of disrespectable conduct, that are deceitful and hypocritical, that are malicious, wicked-souled, and ignorant, that are low-minded, and addicted to drink, gambling, women, and hunting. That king, who, first protecting his own self, protects others that deserve protection, feels the satisfaction of finding his subjects growing in prosperity. Such a king succeeds also in obtaining greatness. A king should, by secret agents that are devoted to him, watch the conduct and acts of other kings. By such means can he obtain superiority. Having injured a powerful king, one

हिन्दी अर्थ

आस्थितो युगपद्धावो व्यवहार: स लौकिक:

English

Freed from all sins, as a snake from its sloughed skin, having gained the highest understanding here, free of sin and fever,

हिन्दी अर्थ

चिन्तयन्नानुपर्येति त्रिभिरेवान्वितो गुणै: अथ तत्राप्युपादत्ते तमोडव्यक्तमिवानृतम्

English

cross the dreadful river with currents on every side, that carries the world's flow, with the five senses as crocodiles and the intentions of the mind as banks,

हिन्दी अर्थ

है। इसलिये वह सुषुप्तिकालमें भी तमोगुणयुक्त मिथ्या सुखका अनुभव करता है

English

covered with the grass of greed and delusion, with desire and anger as reptiles, truth as its ford, falsehood as its turbulence, anger its mud, the best of rivers,

हिन्दी अर्थ

कथज्चिद् वर्तते सम्यक् केषांचिद् वा निवर्तते ये गुण सम्यक्रूपेण प्रवृत्त होते हैं और ज्ञानियोंके निवृत्त हो जाते हैं

English

whose source is the unmanifest, swift, hard for the unself-controlled to cross; cross the river by intellect, crowded with the crocodiles of desire,

हिन्दी अर्थ

कहते हैं और मनमें जो चेतन सत्ता स्थित है, वही क्षेत्रज्ञ (जीवात्मा) कहलाता है

English

going to the ocean of the world, hard to cross for the pit of wombs, born of the self's own birth, dear, with whirlpools of the tongue, hard to approach.

हिन्दी अर्थ

स्वभावाद् वर्तमानेषु सर्वभूतेषु हेतुत: अनुसार प्रवृत्त पज्चमहाभूतोंसे उसका शाश्वत संसर्ग भी कैसे रह सकता है?

English

The steadfast wise of trained wisdom cross it; having crossed it, freed on every side, purified in self, a knower of the self, pure,

हिन्दी अर्थ

जीवात्मा परमात्मामें विलीन हो जाता है। यही मोक्ष है

English

resorting to the highest understanding, you will go to the state of Brahman, having crossed all afflictions, serene of soul, free of stain.

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्रतिसम्मिश्रिते जीवेडगृह्ममाणे च सर्वतः सकता। ऐसी दशामें मृत्युके पश्चात् जीवकी संज्ञा कैसे रहेगी?

English

Look on beings as one standing on a mountain on those on the ground, not angry, not exultant, with a merciful mind; then you will see the origin and dissolution of all beings.

हिन्दी अर्थ

पत्रं बिसस्येव जलेन सिक्तम्

English

Thus the wise held this dharma as excellent above all dharmas, best of those who uphold dharma, the sages who see the truth.

हिन्दी अर्थ

परमात्मामें स्थित हुए उसका साक्षात्कार कर लेते हैं

English

Knowing the self to be imperishable, this teaching to a son should be told to one who is restrained, for his good, and following.

हिन्दी अर्थ

विध्वंसते लोष्ट इवाद्रिमृच्छन् उसी प्रकार उसके सम्पूर्ण दुःखोंका विध्वंस हो जाता है

English

This secret self-knowledge, the most secret of all secrets, great, I have told you directly, dear, witnessed by the self.

हिन्दी अर्थ

स्तथा विमुक्तो विजहाति दुःखम्

English

This is neither woman nor man nor neuter; it is without pain and without pleasure, Brahman, of the nature of past, future and becoming.

हिन्दी अर्थ

मुक्त: परार्घ्या गतिमेत्यलिड्र: शरीरसे रहित हो उत्तम गतिको प्राप्त होता है

English

Knowing this, neither man nor woman reaches rebirth again; this path is ordained for the attainment of non-existence.

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्रमुच्यते कपिलमिवैत्य मैथिल:

English

Then all the views are not, as I have told them, son, in just this way; they are and are not.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कि कुर्वन्निर्भयो लोके सिद्धश्चरति भारत सर्वेषामेव वर्णानां ब्राह्मणस्य विशेषत:

English

To a son endowed with love and virtue, with the qualities of a good son, asked with affection for his good, a father should say here what has been said."

हिन्दी अर्थ

स वै परिमितप्रज्ञ: स दान्तो द्विज उच्यते करता, वह द्विज सूक्ष्म बुद्धिसे युक्त एवं जितेन्द्रिय कहलाता है

English

should not comfort himself with the thought that he (the injurer) lives at a great distance from the injured. Such a king when injured falls upon the injurer like the hawk swooping down upon its prey, in moments of heedlessness. A king whose power has been consolidated and who is confident of his own strength, should assail a neighbour who is weaker than himself but never one that is stronger. A king who is devoted to virtue, having acquired the sovereignty of the earth by prowess, should protect his subjects righteously and slaughter foes in battle. Everything belonging to this world is destined to destruction. Nothing here is durable. For this reason, the king, adhering to righteousness, should protect his subjects righteously. The defence of forts, battle, administration of justice, consultations on questions of policy, and keeping the subjects in happiness, these five acts contribute to enlarge the dominions of a king. That king who takes proper care of these is regarded to be the best of kings. By always attending to these, a king succeeds in protecting his kingdom. It is impossible, however, for one man to supervise all these matters at all times. Making over such supervision to his ministers, a King may govern the earth for ever, l The people make such a person their king who is liberal, who shares all objects of enjoyment with others, who is possessed of a mild disposition, who is of pure behaviour, and who will never abandon his subjects. He is obeyed in the world who, having listened to counsels of wisdom, accepts them, abandoning his own opinions. That king who does not tolerate the counsels of a well-wisher in consequence of their opposition to his own views, who listens with inattention to what is said unto him in opposition to his views, and who does not always follow the conduct of high and noble persons conquered or unconquered, is said to fall away from the duties of Kshatriyas. From ministers that have once been chastised, from women in especial, from mountains and inaccessible regions, from elephants and horses and reptiles, the king should always, with heedfulness, protect his own self. 2 That king who, abandoning his chief ministers, makes favourites

हिन्दी अर्थ

ब्राह्मणोंका पूजक होना चाहिए

English

[Vyasa said:] "One who studies all the Vedas, serving with celibacy, the Riks, Yajuses and Samans, is not by that a brahmana.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अभोजनेन तेनास्य जित: स्वर्गो भवत्युत अवशिष्ट॑ तु यो5श्चाति तमाहुर्विघसाशिनम्

English

One who is kin to all beings, knowing all, knowing all Vedas, who never dies without desire, is not by that a brahmana.

हिन्दी अर्थ

जो भोजन करता है, उसे विघसाशी (यज्ञशिष्ट अन्नका भोक्ता कहते हैं

English

Having performed varied sacrifices and rites with the proper fees, he never gains brahminhood through mere meditation.

हिन्दी अर्थ

उपस्थिताश्षाप्सरोभि: परियान्ति दिवौकस: उनके घरपर आकर उनकी परिक्रमा किया करते हैं

English

When he does not fear and others do not fear him, when he neither desires nor hates, then he attains Brahman.

हिन्दी अर्थ

रमन्ते पुत्रपौत्रैश्न तेषां गतिरनुत्तमा

English

When he does no evil toward any being in deed, mind or speech, then he attains Brahman.

हिन्दी अर्थ

एक प्राचीन इतिहासका उदाहरण दिया करते हैं अस्तब्धमनहड्कारं सत्त्वस्थं समये रतम्

English

Desire is the one bond; there is no other bond here; freed from the bond of desire, one becomes fit for Brahman.

हिन्दी अर्थ

चराचराणां भूतानां विदितप्रभवाप्ययम्

English

Freed from desire, like the moon from smoky cloud, free of dust, wishing for desire, the steadfast acts with steadiness.

हिन्दी अर्थ

काज्चने वाथ लोष्टे वा उभयो: समदर्शनम् परावरज्ञं भूतानां सर्वज्ञं समदर्शनम्

English

As waters enter the ocean that is being filled and is unmoving in its place, so he whom desires enter but who does not desire desires, the embodied one, goes from the world to heaven.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सत्यं दानमनायासो नैष मार्गों दुरात्मनाम्

English

of low persons, soon falls into distress, and never succeeds in compassing the (intended) ends of his measures. That king of infirm soul, who, yielding to the influence of wrath and malice, does not love and honour those amongst his kinsmen that are possessed of good qualities, is said to live on the very verge of destruction. That king, who attaches to himself accomplished persons by doing good to them even though he may not like them at heart, succeeds in enjoying fame for ever. Thou shouldst never impose taxes unseasonably. Thou shouldst not be grieved at the occurrence of anything disagreeable, nor rejoice exceedingly at anything agreeable. Thou shouldst always set thyself to the accomplishment of good acts. Who amongst the dependent kings is truly devoted to thee, and who is loyal to thee from fear, and who amongst them has faults, should always be ascertained by thee. The king, even if he be powerful, should trust them that are weak, for in moments of heedlessness the weak may assail the powerful like a flock of vultures seizing their prey. A man of sinful soul seeks to injure his master even if the latter be sweet- speeched and possessed of every accomplishment. Do not, therefore, place thy confidence upon such men. Nahusha's son Yayati, in declaring the mysteries of king-craft, said that a person engaged in ruling men should slay even foes that are contemptible.'"

हिन्दी अर्थ

कामक्रोधौ वशे कृत्वा ब्रह्मचारी जितेन्द्रिय: अन्न ब्राह्गकामाय कथमेतत् पितामह

English

The secret of austerity is renunciation; of renunciation, happiness; of happiness, heaven; of heaven, peace.

हिन्दी अर्थ

वेदोक्तेषु च भुज्जाना व्रतलुब्धा युधिछिर

English

Wetness, grief of mind, torment with craving: you wish for sattva; from contentment comes the highest mark, peace.

हिन्दी अर्थ

संसारमें आना पड़ता है) एतत् तपो महाराज उताहो कि तपो भवेत्

English

Free of grief, free of mine-ness, calm, serene of soul, the best knower of the self, he who has these marks, complete, will come again.

हिन्दी अर्थ

क्या वास्तवमें यही तप है या दूसरा। यदि दूसरा है तो उस तपका क्‍या स्वरूप है?

English

By wise men endowed with sattva and with counsellors beyond measure, those who know the self after death are known as such here.

हिन्दी अर्थ

आत्मतन्त्रोपघातस्तु न तपस्तत्सतां मतम् पुरुषोंके मतमें वह तप नहीं है

English

Not artificial, not to be taken, natural, unadorned, self-knowledge: one of good deeds and wisdom enjoys imperishable happiness.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सदोपवासी च भवेद् ब्रह्मचारी सदा भवेत्

English

Having made the mind free of wandering and established it on every side, the contentment he gains cannot be otherwise.

हिन्दी अर्थ

नित्य उपवासी और सदा ब्रह्मचारी है कुट॒म्बिको धर्मकाम: सदास्वप्रश्न भारत

English

He by whom one is satisfied without eating, content without wealth, bears strength without oil: whoever knows him is a knower of the Veda.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अमृताशी सदा च स्याद् देवतातिथिपूजक:

English

The brahmana who stays, guarding the doors of the self, closing them and reflecting, is called delighting in the self, refined.

हिन्दी अर्थ

भोजन तथा देवता और अतिथियोंकी पूजा करे श्रद्दधान: सदा च स्याद् देवताद्धविजपूजक:

English

Collected in the Supreme, desire spent, standing, happiness follows him on every side like the moon's body.

हिन्दी अर्थ

विघसाशी कथं च स्यात् सदा चैवातिथिव्रतः सदोपवासी स भवेद् यो न भुदुक्तेडन्तरा पुन:

English

For the sage who resorts to beings with distinctions and to qualities, pain is easily driven off, as darkness by the sun.

हिन्दी अर्थ

करे और बीचमें कुछ न खाय, वह नित्य उपवास करनेवाला होता है

English

Old age and death do not find the brahmana who has gone beyond action, beyond the spending of qualities, even if clinging to objects.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ऋतवादी भवेन्नित्यं ज्ञाननित्यश्ष यो नर: दाननित्य: पवित्रश्न अस्वप्रश्न दिवाउस्वपन्

English

When he stands freed on every side, equal, he passes beyond the senses and sense objects while in the body.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अमृतं केवल भुड्क्ते इति विद्धि युधिष्ठिर

English

Having reached the highest cause, having passed beyond the state of effect, for him who has reached the supreme beyond the supreme there is no return."

हिन्दी अर्थ

भवत्यनपगान् सर्वास्तान् गुणाल्लँक्षयामहे

English

guard himself against poisonous reptiles and the arts of women, and should take particular care while ascending mountains or entering inaccessible regions such as forests and woody valleys.

हिन्दी अर्थ

आपकी यह स्थिति आत्मज्ञानके कारण है या धैर्यके कारण?”

English

[Vyasa said:] "Space, wind, light, water and earth as fifth, being and non-being and time: in all beings these five.

हिन्दी अर्थ

उवाच श्लक्ष्णया वाचा स्वां प्रज्ञामनुवर्णयन् प्रह्नादजीने अपने ज्ञानका वर्णन करते हुए मधुर वाणीमें कहा

English

Space is the inner self; hearing, the sense, is made of it; know its quality as sound, knower of the form and the rule of the shastras.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तस्य स्तम्भो भवेद् बाल्यान्नास्ति स्तम्भो5नुपश्यत:

English

Movement is of the nature of wind; prana and apana are made of it; know the touch sense, and touch too, as made of it.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सर्वे भावास्तथाभावा: पुरुषार्थो न विद्यते स्वयं न कुर्वतस्तस्य जातु मानो भवेदिह

English

Then cooking and light, fire and the eye are made of it; know its quality as form, with darkness as its unfinished nature.

हिन्दी अर्थ

हुए भी उसे इस जगत्में कर्तापनका अभिमान हो जाता है

English

Wetness, smallness, oiliness: this is taught of water; the tongue is the sense, and taste is held the quality of water.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तस्य दोषवती प्रज्ञा अतत्त्वज्ञेति मे मतिः तत्त्वज्ञानसे रहित है--ऐसी मेरी मान्यता है

English

The earthy constituent is the compound: bone, teeth and nails, beard, hair and head hair, veins, sinew and skin.

हिन्दी अर्थ

आरम्भास्तस्य सिद्धयेयुर्न तु जातु परा भवेत्

English

The sense named smell is called the nose; and smell is to be known as made of earth, this sense and its object.

हिन्दी अर्थ

लक्ष्यते यतमानानां पुरुषार्थस्तत: कुत: विरूपेभ्यो5ल्पबुद्धिभ्यो लिप्समाना धनागमम्

English

In the later ones are all the qualities, and in all the later; the sages know the continuity of the groups of the five elements.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सबको मैं आपके भीतर स्थिरभावसे स्थित देखता हूँ आत्मानं मन्यमान: सन् श्रेय: किमिह मन्यसे

English

Mind is the ninth of these, intellect the tenth, and the inner self the eleventh, said to be beyond all.

हिन्दी अर्थ

किसको आत्मज्ञानका सर्वश्रेष्ठ साधन मानते हैं?

English

Intellect is of the nature of resolve, mind of the nature of expression; from inference by action it is known; that is the soul, called the field.

हिन्दी अर्थ

श्रिया विहीन: प्रह्माद शोचितव्ये न शोचसि प्रहाद सुस्थरूपो5सि पश्यन् व्यसनमात्मन:

English

The wise one who sees the stainless that pervades all with all these states, whose last is time, does not follow delusion."

हिन्दी अर्थ

शुभाशुभास्तदा तत्र कस्य कि मानकारणम्

English

"Vamadeva said, 'The king should win victories without battles. Victories achieved by battles are not spoken of highly. O monarch, by the wise. When the sovereign's own power has not been confirmed, he should not seek to make new acquisitions. It is not proper that a king whose power has not been consolidated should seek to make such acquisitions. The power of that king whose dominions are wide and abound with wealth, whose subjects are loyal and contented, and who has a large number of officers, is said to be confirmed. That king whose soldiery are contented, gratified (with pay and prize), and competent to deceive foes can with even a small force subjugate the whole earth. The power of that king whose subjects, whether belonging to the cities or the provinces, have compassion for all creatures, and possessed of wealth and grain, is said to be confirmed. When the king thinks that his power is greater than that of a foe, he should then, aided by his intelligence, seek to acquire the latter's territories and wealth. A king whose resources are increasing, who is compassionate unto all creatures, who never loses any time by procrastination, and who is careful in protecting, his own self, succeeds in earning advancement. That king who behaves deceitfully towards his own people

हिन्दी अर्थ

द्वेषी समझता हूँ और न आत्मीय ही मानता हूँ

English

[Vyasa said:] "As rays move together, going, standing and being seen, so beings beyond the human, freed from bodies, roam the worlds.

हिन्दी अर्थ

न हिज्ञेये न विज्ञाने न ज्ञाने कर्म विद्यते होती है, उसे पूछता हूँ। आप मुझे अच्छी तरह उसे बताइये

English

As the sun's heat is seen reflected in water, so one endowed with sattva sees the reflection of sattva.

हिन्दी अर्थ

वृद्धशुश्रूषया शक्र पुरुषो लभते महत्

English

Those subtle ones, freed from the body, are seen by the knowers of truth, abiding in goodness and restrained in senses, by their own truth.

हिन्दी अर्थ

बड़े-बूढ़ोंकी सेवा करनेसे पुरुषको महत्-पदकी प्राप्ति होती है स्वभावादेव तत्सर्व यर्त्किंचिदनुपश्यसि

English

What is thought by the self of all, sleeping and waking, joined with a division of the primal, giving up the dust born of action.

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्रीतिमांश्व॒ तदा राजंस्तद्वाक्यं प्रत्यपूजयत्

English

As by day so by night, as by night so by day, the sattvic self stays in control for yogis of yoga.

हिन्दी अर्थ

असुरेन्द्रमुपामन्त्रय जगाम स्वं निवेशनम् द्वाविंशत्यधिकद्धिशततमोध्याय:

English

For them the ever-eternal self of beings is always joined with seven qualities, subtle, moving, ageless and deathless.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कालदण्डविनिष्पिष्टस्तन्मे ब्रूहि पितामह

English

Overcome by mind and intellect, knowing his own and another's body, in dreams too he becomes the knower of pleasure and pain.

हिन्दी अर्थ

वासवस्य च संवादं बलेवैंरोचनस्यथ च इन्द्रके संवादरूप एक प्राचीन इतिहासका उदाहरण दिया करते हैं

English

There too he gets pain, there too pleasure; there too, having done anger and greed, he meets calamity.

हिन्दी अर्थ

किसीको भी उनपर अभिमान करनेका क्या कारण है? आत्मप्रतिष्ठा प्रज्ञा वा मम नास्ति ततो5न्यथा

English

that have not been guilty of any fault, shears his own self like a person cutting down a forest with an axe. If the king does not always attend to the task of slaying his foes, the latter do not diminish. That king, again, who knows how to kill his own temper finds no enemies. If the king be possessed of wisdom, he would never do any act that is disapproved by good men. He would, on the other hand, always engage himself in such acts as would lead to his own benefit and that of others. That king who, having accomplished all his duties, becomes happy in the approbation of his own conscience, has never to incur the reproach of others and indulge in regrets. That king who observes such conduct towards men succeeds in subjugating both the worlds and enjoy the fruits of victory.'

हिन्दी अर्थ

तस्य स्तम्भो भवेद् बाल्यान्नास्ति स्तम्भो5नुपश्यत:

English

"Bhishma continued, 'Thus addressed by Vamadeva, king Vasumana did as he was directed. Without doubt, thyself also, following these counsels, shalt succeed in conquering both the worlds.'"

हिन्दी अर्थ

“यह सब नाशवान् है" ऐसा समझकर किसीके लिये शोक नहीं करता स्वस्थो व्यपेत: पश्यामि भूतानां प्रभवाप्ययौं

English

Becoming devoted to the discipline of scripture, wishing to find their own self, those formless ones without breath, though like thunderbolts,

हिन्दी अर्थ

नायासो विद्यते शक्र पश्यतो लोकमव्ययम्

English

in the four stages and their actions created separately, Shandilya called this yoga in concentration peace.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कभी कष्ट नहीं होता द्रेष्ारं च न पश्यामि यो मामद्य ममायते

English

Knowing the seven subtle ones and the six-limbed great Lord, standing in the application of the primal, he reaches the supreme Brahman."

हिन्दी अर्थ

सवनिवासुरान् जित्वा बलिं पप्रच्छ वासव:

English

" Yudhishthira said, 'If a Kshatriya desires to subjugate another Kshatriya in battle, how should the former act in the matter of that victory? Questioned by me, do thou answer it.'

हिन्दी अर्थ

न्यायस्तु शक्र प्रष्टव्यस्त्वया वासव काम्यया चचारैरावतस्कन्धमधिरुह श्रिया वृत:

English

[Vyasa said:] "Its basis is ignorance; heedlessness is the sprinkling; envy is the leaf; and it is full of the essence of former evil.

हिन्दी अर्थ

यथा55ख्यातं भगवता शून्यागारकृतालयम्

English

Its grief-branches are delusion, worry and torment, and it is terrible, wound round by creepers of bewildering thirst.

हिन्दी अर्थ

राजा बलिको देखा, जिन्होंने गर्दभके वेषमें अपने आपको छिपा रखा था इयं ते योनिरधमा शोचस्याहो न शोचसि

English

The very greedy, wishing for fruit, serve this great tree; bound by toils and snares, they surround its fruits.

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्राप्त हुई है। इसके लिये तुम्हें शोक होता है या नहीं?

English

He who, having brought those snares under control, uproots that tree, has gone to the end of both sorrows, striving for both.

हिन्दी अर्थ

श्रिया विहीन मित्रैश्व भ्रष्टवीर्यपराक्रमम् पराक्रम नष्ट हो गया है

English

The one of untrained wisdom climbs the tree in torment, and it kills him, like a poison, like a draught to a sick man.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अकृष्टपच्या च मही तवैश्वर्ये बभूव ह

English

The root of its remaining, for it is pulled up by force, by the sword of equanimity made by renunciation and heedfulness.

हिन्दी अर्थ

है। इसके लिये तुम शोक करते हो या नहीं? यदा53तिष्ठ: समुद्रस्य पूर्वकूले विलेलिहन्

English

He who thus knows the mere dragging of desire, the killing of the science of desire, passes beyond sorrows.

हिन्दी अर्थ

यत् ते सहस्रसमिता ननुृतुर्देवयोषित:

English

They call the body a city and intellect is held the mistress; there the mind, named the thinker of aims, stays in the body.

हिन्दी अर्थ

जोड़कर प्रणाम करके उन्होंने पूछा--“भगवन्! बलि कहाँ रहता है?” तं बलिं नाधिगच्छामि ब्रद्युन्नाचक्ष्व मे बलिम्

English

"Bhishma said, 'The king, with or without an army at his back, entering the dominions of the king he would subjugate, should say unto all the people, 'I am your king. I shall always protect you. Give me the just tribute or encounter me in battle.' If the people accept him for their king, there need not be any fighting. If, without being Kshatriyas by birth, they show signs of hostility, they should then, observant as they are of practices not laid down for them, be sought to be restrained by every means. People of the other orders do take up arms (for resisting the invader) if they behold the Kshatriya unarmed for fight, incapable of protecting himself, and making too much of the enemy.' l

हिन्दी अर्थ

राजा बलिको मैं ढूँढ़नेपर भी नहीं पा रहा हूँ। आप मुझे बलिका पता बताइये

English

"Yudhishthira said 'Tell me, O grandsire, how that Kshatriya king should conduct himself in fight who advances against another Kshatriya king.'

हिन्दी अर्थ

सोडग्निस्तपति भूतानि जलं च स भवत्युत स एव हास्तमयते स सम विद्योतते दिश:

English

"Bhishma said, 'A Kshatriya must not put on armour for fighting a Kshatriya unclad in mail. One should fight one, and abandon the opponent when the latter becomes disabled. 2 If the enemy comes clad in

हिन्दी अर्थ

त॑ बलिं नाधिगच्छामि ब्रद्य॒ुन्नाचक्ष्य मे बलिम्

English

opponent also should put on mail. If the enemy advances backed by an army, one should, backed by an army, challenge him to battle. If the enemy fights aided by deceit, he should be met with the aid of deceit. If, on the other hand, he fights fairly, he should be resisted with fair means. One should not on horseback proceed against a car-warrior. A car-warrior should proceed against a car-warrior. When an antagonist has fallen into distress, he should not be struck; nor should one that has been frightened, nor one that has been vanquished. I Neither poisoned nor barbed arrows should be used. These are the weapons of the wicked. One should fight righteously, without yielding to wrath or desiring to slay. A weak or wounded man should not be slain, or one that is sonless; or one whose weapon has been broken; or one that has fallen into distress; or one whose bow-string has been cut; or one that has lost his vehicle. A wounded opponent should either be sent to his own home, or, if brought to the victor's quarters, should have his wounds attended to by skilful surgeons. When in consequence of a quarrel between righteous kings, a righteous warrior falls into distress, (his wounds should be attended to and) when cured he should be set at liberty. This is the eternal duty. Manu himself, the son of the Self-born (Brahman), has said that battles should be fought fairly. The righteous should always act righteously towards those that are righteous. They should adhere to righteousness without destroying it. If a Kshatriya, whose duty it is to fight righteously, wins a victory by unrighteous means, he becomes sinful.

हिन्दी अर्थ

वरिष्ठो भविता जन्‍्तुः: शून्यागारे शचीपते हन्यामेनं न वा हन्यां तद् ब्रह्मुन्ननुशाधि माम्

English

When the mind becomes separate from intellect and alone, then it lies there, open, empty, and rajas remains.

हिन्दी अर्थ

उन्हें मार डालूँ या न मारूँ, यह मुझे बतावें

English

That mind makes friendship, joined with rajas, and, taking the townsfolk, gives them to rajas."

हिन्दी अर्थ

सर्वा: पुष्करमालिन्य: सर्वा: काउ्चनसप्रभा: छत्र॑ तवासीत् सुमहत् सौवर्ण रत्नभूषितम्

English

Of deceitful conduct, such a person is said to slay his own self. Such is the practice of those that are wicked. Even he that is wicked should be subdued by fair means. It is better to lay down life itself in the observance of righteousness than to win victory by sinful means. Like a cow, O king, perpetrated sin does not immediately produce its fruits. That sin overwhelms the perpetrator after consuming his roots and branches. A sinful person, acquiring wealth by sinful means, rejoices greatly. But the sinner, gaining advancement by sinful ways, becomes wedded to sin. Thinking that virtue has no efficacy, he jeers at men of righteous behaviour. Disbelieving in virtue, he at last meets with destruction. Though enmeshed in the noose of Varuna, he still regards himself immortal. Like unto a large leathern bag puffed up with wind, the sinner dissociates himself entirely from virtue. Soon, however, he disappears like a tree on the riverside washed away with its very roots. Then people, beholding him resemble an earthen pot broken on a stony surface, speak of him as he deserves. The king should, therefore, seek both victory and the enhancement of his resources, by righteous means.'"

हिन्दी अर्थ

कृतप्रज्ञा ज्ञानतृप्ता: क्षान्ता: सन्‍तो मनीषिण:

English

[Vyasa said:] "The blessed one, like a blazing fire, spoke to Dhumravarchas; then I too shall give a further example, son.

हिन्दी अर्थ

यदाहमिव भावी स्यास्तदा नैव॑ वदिष्यसि त्रयोविंशत्यधिकद्धिशततमो5 ध्याय:

English

The earth's steadiness, breadth, hardness, power of generation, smell, heaviness, strength, compactness, support and firmness.

हिन्दी अर्थ

निःश्वसन्तं यथा नागं प्रव्याहाराय भारत

English

Of the waters, coldness, taste, wetness, fluidity, oiliness, gentleness, tongue that flows, and earthy-watery oozing.

हिन्दी अर्थ

पुनः अपना उत्कर्ष सूचित करनेके लिये हँसते हुए कहा लोकान् प्रतापयन् सर्वान् यास्यस्मानवितर्कयन्

English

Of fire, unassailability, energy, heat, cooking, lighting, purity, passion, lightness, sharpness, and as tenth, rising upward.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ज्ञातिमित्रपरित्यक्त: शोचस्याहो न शोचसि

English

Of wind, lack of restraint, touch, place of speech, independence, strength, speed, delusion and the effort made by action.

हिन्दी अर्थ

विनिपातमिमं बाहां शोचस्याहो न शोचसि सोचकर तुम्हारे मनमें शोक होता है या नहीं?

English

Of space, the quality sound, pervasiveness, holes, being without support, without resting-place, unmanifest, and unchangingness.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तस्माच्छक्र न शोचामि सर्व होवेदमन्तवत्

English

Unobstructedness, elementhood and modifications: fifty qualities are spoken, nourished by the nature of the five elements.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सारा जगत् विनाशशील है तेन शक्र न शोचामि नापराधादिदं मम

English

Mobility, expression, release, imagining, forbearance, being and non-being and quickness: these are the nine qualities of the mind."

हिन्दी अर्थ

यूपस्तवासीत् सुमहान् यजत: सर्वकाऊ्चन:

English

kingly order, yet when the Kshatriyas do not arm themselves for resisting an invader, or other orders may fight for putting down those that so arm themselves against the kings.

हिन्दी अर्थ

शम्याक्षेपेण विधिना तदा55सीत् किं तु ते हदि समय तुम्हारे हृदयमें कितना उत्साह रहा होगा?

English

reading is more consistent with what follows in verse 8. If the Bombay reading be adopted, the translation would run thus:~"One should not fight a Kshatriya in battle unless he has put on armour. One should fight with one, after challenging in those words— 'Shoot, for I am shooting at thee." K.P. Singh's rendering is substantially correct. The Burdwan version, as usual, is wrong.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ब्रह्मदत्तां च ते मालां न पश्याम्यसुराधिप

English

[Bhishma said:] "They say there are sixty qualities of beings, attached to eminence in beings, ever clinging, attached to beings and made by the imperishable; but, son, they do not say they are eternal.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ब्रद्मदत्तां च मे मालां न त्वं द्रक्ष्य्सि वासव हुई मेरी उस दिव्य मालाको भी नहीं देख सकोगे

English

What has been said is measured by thought, son; the future is yours here; having reached all that, the truth of the meaning of beings, be of calm mind by the power of beings."

हिन्दी अर्थ

यदेवमभिजानामि का व्यथा मे विजानतः

English

"Bhishma said, 'A king should never desire to subjugate the earth by unrighteous means, even if such subjugation would make him the sovereign of the whole earth. What king is there that would rejoice after obtaining victory by unfair means? A victory stained by unrighteousness is uncertain and never leads to heaven. Such a victory, O bull of Bharata's race, weakens both the king and the earth. A warrior whose armour has fallen off, or who begs for quarter, saying, 'I am thine' or joining his hands, or who has laid aside his weapon, may simply be seized but never slain. If a hostile king be vanquished by the troops of the invader, the latter should not himself fight his vanquished foe. On the other hand, he should bring him to his palace and persuade him for a whole year to say, 'I am thy slave!' Whether he says or does not say this, the vanquished foe, by living for a year in the house of his victor, gains a new lease of life, i If a king succeeds in bringing by force a maiden from the house of his vanquished foe, he should keep her for a year and ask her whether she would wed him or any one else. If she does not agree, she should then be sent back. He should behave similarly in respect of all other kinds of wealth (such as slave) that are acquired by force. The king should never appropriate the wealth confiscated from thieves and others awaiting execution. The kine taken front the enemy by force should be given away to the Brahmanas so that they may drink the milk of those animals. The bulls taken from the enemy should be set to agriculture work or returned to the enemy. 2 It is laid down that a king should fight one that is a king. One that is not a king should never strike one that is a king. If a Brahmana, desirous of peace, fearlessly goes between two contending armies, both should immediately abstain from fight. He would break an eternal rule that would slay or wound a Brahmana. If any Kshatriya breaks that rule, he would become a wretch of his order. In addition to this, that Kshatriya who destroys righteousness and transgresses all wholesome barriers does not deserve to be reckoned as a Kshatriya and should be driven from society. A king desirous of obtaining victory should never follow such conduct. What gain can be greater than victory won righteously? The excitable classes (of a kingdom recently conquered) should, without delay, be conciliated with soothing speeches and gifts. This is a good policy for the king to adopt. If instead of doing this, these men be sought to be governed with impolicy, they would then leave the kingdom and side with (the victor's) foes and wait for the accession of calamities (in order that they may then make head against the victor). Discontented men, watching for the calamities of the king, promptly side with the latter's foes. O monarch, in times of danger. An enemy should not be deceived by unfair means, nor should be wounded mortally. For, if struck mortally,

हिन्दी अर्थ

बिभ्रतं गार्दभं रूपमागत्य परिगर्हसे हो और मेरी निन्‍दा करते हो

English

[Yudhishthira said:] "Each of terrible strength, and of the strength of ten thousand elephants; these have been slain in battle by men of equal energy and strength.

हिन्दी अर्थ

समवेक्षस्व मघवनू् बुद्धि विन्दस्व नैप्ठेकीम्

English

I do not see who was the slayer of these in battle before; they were endowed with valour, with energy and strength.

हिन्दी अर्थ

थे। वह सब कुछ तुम जानते हो इति मामभ्यपद्यन्त बुद्धिमात्सर्यमोहिता:

English

Now these, greatly wise one, lie lifeless, and this word "dead" is used of these lifeless ones.

हिन्दी अर्थ

दुःखं जीवन् सहामात्यो भवितव्यं हि तत् तथा

English

These kings, mostly of terrible valour, are dead; there arises doubt in me: whence the word "dead"?

हिन्दी अर्थ

सुखं जीवन सहामात्यो भवितव्यं हि तत् तथा अलक्षणा विरूपा च सुभगा दृश्यते परा

English

Whose is death, whence is death, and by whom does death here carry off creatures, like the immortals? Tell me that, grandsire."

हिन्दी अर्थ

यत् त्वमेवंगतो वज्िन् यच्चाप्येवंगता वयम्

English

[Bhishma said:] "Long ago, dear, in the Krita age, there was a king named Avikampana; he fell under the power of his enemy in battle, his vehicles spent.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ऋद्धिर्वाउप्यथवा नर्द्धि: पर्यायकृतमेव तत् श्रीमन्तं द्युतिमन्तं च गर्जमानं ममोपरि

English

There his son, named Hari, equal to Narayana in strength, was slain in battle by enemies, with his army and followers.

हिन्दी अर्थ

पातयेयमहं त्वाद्य सवज्ञमपि मुष्टिना

English

That king, under his enemies' power and filled with grief for his son, by chance, intent on peace, saw Narada on the earth."

हिन्दी अर्थ

नैतत् सम्यग्विजानन्तो नरा मुहान्ति वज्धृक् विपाप्मा लभते सत्त्वं सत्त्वस्थ: सम्प्रसीदति

English

his very life may pass away, l If a king possessed of little resources be gratified therewith, he would regard life alone to be much. 2 That king whose dominions are extensive and full of wealth, whose

हिन्दी अर्थ

कृपणा: परितप्यन्ते तैर्थैरभिचोदिता:

English

Hearing his words, the ascetic Narada then told this tale, which removes grief for a son.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सुखदुःखफले चैव न द्वेष्मि न च कामये एवं दुःखमय फलसे द्वेष ही रखता हूँ

English

"King, hear this very long tale, as it happened, and as I too have heard it, lord of the earth.

हिन्दी अर्थ

उभौ तौ न विजानीतो यश्न हन्ति हतश्ष यः

English

At the creation of beings, the Grandfather of great energy, having created beings, could not bear the beings that had grown very numerous.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अकर्ता होव भवति कर्ता होव करोति तत् उस कर्मका भी कर्ता है

English

There was no gap anywhere for creatures, Achyuta; the three worlds, king, were as if bound, without breath.

हिन्दी अर्थ

एतद्योनीनि भूतानि तत्र का परिदेवना

English

A thought arose in him about destruction, lord of the earth; thinking, he found no reason or cause for dissolution.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अतः उनके लिये शोक और विलापकी क्‍या आवश्यकता है? तस्मिन् कालवशं प्राप्ते का व्यथा मे विजानतः

English

From his anger, great king, fire rose from the cavities; with it the Grandfather burnt all the directions, king.

हिन्दी अर्थ

नश्यते नष्टमेवाग्रे लब्धव्यं लभते नर:

English

Then fire, born of the blessed one's wrath, burnt heaven, earth and sky, and the world with its moving and unmoving, king.

हिन्दी अर्थ

है, उसीको मनुष्य हस्तगत करता है नान्तमस्य प्रपश्यामि विधेर्दिव्यस्य चिन्तयन्

English

There beings, moving and fixed, were burnt by the great force of the anger of the great-grandfather in his wrath.

हिन्दी अर्थ

स्यान्मे हर्षश्न दर्पश्ष क्रोधश्षेव शचीपते

English

Then Sthanu, Hari, Shiva, lord of the Vedic sacrifice, the slayer of heroes, went for refuge to Brahma.

हिन्दी अर्थ

मेरे निकटसे भाग खड़े होओगे

English

When Sthanu had come, for the good of the subjects, the boon-giving god, blazing as it were, said to Shiva:

हिन्दी अर्थ

कालेन विहितं सर्व मा कृथा: शक्र पौरुषम् अवैमि त्वस्य लोकस्य धर्म शक्र सनातनम्

English

'What wish shall I fulfil today? You are held by me worthy of a boon; I shall do what pleases you, Shambhu, whatever is in your heart.'"

हिन्दी अर्थ

काल: स्थापयते सर्व काल: पचति वै तथा गर्जन्तं प्रतपन्तं च कमन्यं नागमिष्यति

English

subjects are loyal, whose servants and officers are all contented, is said to have his roots firm. That king whose Ritwijas and priests and preceptors and others about him that are well- versed in all scriptures and deserving of honours are duly respected, is said to be conversant with the ways of the world. It was by such behaviour that Indra got the sovereignty of the world. It is by this behaviour that earthly kings succeed in obtaining the status of Indra. King Pratardana, subjugating his foes in a great battle, took all their wealth, including their very grain and medicinal herbs, but left their land untouched. King Divodasa, after subjugating his foes, brought away the very remnants of their sacrificial fires, their clarified butter (intended for libations), and their food. For this reason he was deprived of the merit of his conquests. 3 King Nabhaga (after his conquests) gave away whole kingdoms with their rulers as sacrificial presents unto the Brahmanas, excepting the wealth of learned Brahmanas and ascetics. The behaviour, O Yudhishthira, of all the righteous kings of old, was excellent, and I approve of it wholly. That king who desires his own prosperity should seek for conquests by the aid of every kind of excellence but never with that of deceit or with pride.'"

हिन्दी अर्थ

मया त्वया च पूर्वेश्ष न स शक्‍्योतिवर्तितुम्

English

[Sthanu said:] "By the fire of your energy, god, the subjects are burnt everywhere; seeing them, I feel pity; do not be angry with them, lord of the world."

हिन्दी अर्थ

सुन्दरी तथा कान्तिमती लक्ष्मी मूर्तिमती होकर निकल रही हैं

English

[Prajapati said:] "I am not angry, nor do I desire that the beings not be; for the lightening of the earth, destruction is wished.

हिन्दी अर्थ

विस्मयोत्फुल्लनयनो बलिं पप्रच्छ वासव: आश्चर्यचकित हो उठे। उनके नेत्र विस्मयसे खिल उठे। उन्होंने बलिसे पूछा

English

This goddess, distressed by her burden, has always urged me for destruction, great god; by the burden she sinks in the waters.

हिन्दी अर्थ

त्वत्त: स्थिता सकेयूरा दीप्यमाना स्वतेजसा

English

Since I found by intellect, thinking much, no way to destroy these grown ones, anger entered me."

हिन्दी अर्थ

त्वमेनां पृच्छ वा मा वा यथेष्टं कुरु वासव अजानतो ममाचक्ष्व नामधेयं शुचिस्मिते

English

[Sthanu said:] "Be gracious at the end of destruction, lord of the thirty gods; do not be angry; do not destroy the beings, moving and unmoving.

हिन्दी अर्थ

हित्वा हैत्यवरं सुभ्रु तन्ममाचक्ष्व पृच्छत:

English

All pools, all grass and shrubs, the unmoving and moving, the fourfold host of beings:

हिन्दी अर्थ

त्वं मां शक्र न जानीषे सर्वे देवा न मां विदु: जानते तथा सम्पूर्ण देवताओंको भी मेरे विषयमें कुछ भी ज्ञान नहीं है

English

all this world has been reduced to ashes and overwhelmed; be gracious, blessed good one; this boon is chosen by me.

हिन्दी अर्थ

दुःसहे विजहास्थेनं चिरसंवासिनी सती

English

Destroyed, these subjects will never come back; therefore turn this energy back by your own energy."

हिन्दी अर्थ

तेजांस्येकेन सर्वेषां देवराज धृतानि मे

English

Regarding the last half of the second line, I do not follow Nilakantha in his interpretation.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अकेले धारण कर रखे थे संयच्छामि नियच्छामि लोकेषु प्रभुरीश्वर:

English

outright, such slaughter being sinful. Slaying an enemy, however, in fair fight is meritorious.

हिन्दी अर्थ

हूँ; अत: मेरा वह सब ऐश्वर्य अब प्रकाशित नहीं हो रहा है

English

King Divodasa, however, by taking what he should not have taken, lost all the merit of his conquests.

हिन्दी अर्थ

पर्यायेण हि भुज्यन्ते लोका: शक्र यदृच्छया ऋतुद्वारं वर्षमुखमायुर्वेदविदो जना:

English

[Narada said:] Hearing Sthanu's words, the god, with restrained speech and mind, drew his own energy back into himself.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अस्या: पज्चैव चिन्ताया: पर्येष्यामि च पञजचधा

English

Then, taking back the fire, the blessed one honoured by the worlds ordained both activity and withdrawal, the lord.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अनादिनिधन चाहुरक्षरं क्षरममेव च मन्यन्ते ध्रुवमेवैनं ये जनास्तत्त्वदर्शिन:

English

As he withdrew that fire born of anger, there appeared from all the cavities a woman of the great soul.

हिन्दी अर्थ

न होतावद् भवेद् गम्यं न यस्मात् प्रभवेत् पुन:

English

Dark, in red garments, with red eyes and palms, with divine earrings and shining with divine ornaments.

हिन्दी अर्थ

आहुश्वैनं केचिदर्ग्निं केचिदाहु: प्रजापतिम् त॑ कालमिति जानीहि यस्य सर्वमिदं वशे

English

Coming out of the cavities, she took to the southern direction; the two, the girl and the god, lords of the universe, saw each other.

हिन्दी अर्थ

बलवीर्योपपन्नानि यथैव त्वं शचीपते

English

Calling her, the god, the primal lord of the worlds, said, "Death! Slay these subjects, lord of the earth.

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्राप्त काले महावीर्य: काल: संशमयिष्यति परंतु समय आनेपर महापराक्रमी काल तुम्हें भी शान्त कर देगा

English

For you were thought of by me in my anger with the purpose of destruction; therefore destroy all these subjects, wise one.

हिन्दी अर्थ

मां च लोला परित्यज्य त्वामगाद् विबुधाधिप यह चंचला मुझे भी छोड़कर तुम्हारे पास गयी है

English

Destroy the subjects without distinction, lady; by my command you will attain the highest good."

हिन्दी अर्थ

त्वामप्येवंविध॑ ज्ञात्वा क्षिप्रमन्‍्यं गमिष्यति

English

Thus addressed, the goddess Death, wearing a lotus garland, a young girl, pondered grieved, with a great fall of tears.

हिन्दी अर्थ

चतुर्विशत्यधिकद्विशततमोध्याय: स्वरूपिणीं शरीराद्धि निष्क्रामन्ती तदा श्रियम्

English

The lord of men caught those tears in his hands, and again begged for the good of mankind."